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Taxonomic Information on Cultivated Plants in GRIN-Global


Summary
Introduction
History of GRIN Taxonomy
Scope of GRIN Taxonomy
Scientific Names
Common Names
Economic Importance
Geographical Distribution
Literature References
Special-Purpose Data Sets
Basis of Taxonomic Decisions
Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgements
References Cited
Symbols and Abbreviations
Acknowledgements

The GRIN-Global taxonomists are especially grateful for the ongoing support and technical expertise of the USDA-ARS National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, GRIN Database Management Unit, in particular Edward M. Bird, Jimmie D. Mowder, Quinn P. Sinnott, John A. Belt, Gorm P. Emberland, John Chung, Mark A. Bohning, Allan K. Stoner, Laura Gu, Kurt Endress, and Karen Kittell. Our ongoing dialog with many of the National Plant Germplasm System crop curators and their liason with the Crop Germplasm Committees has been very useful to us. In addition to the author, several individuals, over the years, have directly contributed in various ways to GRIN-Global taxonomic data, including Steven R. Hill, Blanca León, William E. Rice, Edward E. Terrell, Carole A. Ritchie, Tufail Ahmed, Vickie M. Binstock, James I. Cohen, Sasha N. Irvin, Peter C. Garvey, Michael Jeffe, Matthew Smith, and Jennifer Friedman. In the former USDA-ARS Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory, the collaboration and cooperation of fellow botanist Joseph H. Kirkbride, Jr. (now retired from the U.S. National Arboretum) has always been appreciated and the adminstrative support of Amy Y. Rossman and technical assistance of David F. Farr and Erin B. McCray have been invaluable.

Development of the web interface to GRIN-Global taxonomy was initiated by the late Edward M. Bird and Vickie M. Binstock and has progressed through work by the author, with the technical assistance of James S. Plaskowitz, Quinn P. Sinnott, and David F. Farr and the design work of James S. Plaskowitz. Translations of several web pages have been possible due to the efforts of Christian Feuillet (French), Courtney V. Conrad (German), José R. Hernández (Spanish), and Joseph H. Kirkbride, Jr. and Blanca León (Portuguese and Spanish). We are grateful for all these contributions.

Finally, it is impossible to acknowledge here all of the numerous individuals whose valuable communications have greatly enriched GRIN-Global taxonomy. Nevertheless, a number of regular correspondents have greatly assisted us in improving the quality and accuracy of GRIN-Global taxonomy data by routinely informing us of errors in or necessary additions to GRIN-Global data, directing our attention to items requiring further documentation, and/or providing feedback on GRIN-Global taxonomy web pages. Among these are Folmer Arnklit (Botanic Garden, University of Copenhagen), Franklin S. Axelrod (University of Puerto Rico), Ken Becker (CAB International), James A. Duke (GreenPharmacy.com), Kanchi N. Gandhi (IPNI, Harvard University Herbaria), John R. Hosking (DPI, New South Wales, Australia), Kirsten A. Llamas (Tropical Flowering Tree Society), James L. Reveal (Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University), Mark W. Skinner (USDA-NRCS), and Thomas L. Wendt (University of Texas at Austin). We are equally grateful to those individuals who have been frequent consultants for complex nomenclatural questions, including Kanchi N. Gandhi (IPNI, Harvard University Herbaria), Werner Greuter (Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem), Joseph H. Kirkbride, Jr. (U.S. National Arboretum), John McNeill (Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh), and Dan H. Nicolson (Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.).



ILRI Germplasm Policy (excerpts)

The International Livestock research Institute (ILRI) maintains a collection of forage germplasm as a global public good. The material was acquired prior to the entry into force of the Convention on Biological Diversity; or if it was acquired after the entering into force of the Convention on Biological Diversity, it was obtained with the understanding that it was held in trust and could be made available for any agricultural research, breeding and training purposes under the terms and conditions set out in the agreement between the ILRI and FAO dated 26 October 1994. On 16 October 2006, ILRI signed an agreement with the Governing Body of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (the Treaty) placing these in trust collections of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (PGRFA) within the purview of the Treaty.

In accordance with this Agreement, all shipments of PGRFA of crops listed in Annex 1 to the Treaty (shipments of PGRFA under the Multilateral System) will be subject to the terms and conditions of the Standard Material Transfer Agreement (SMTA). In the event that the SMTA (attached) is used for the transfer of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture other than those listed in Annex 1 of the Treaty: i) The references in the SMTA to the "Multilateral System" shall not be interpreted as limiting the application of the SMTA to Annex 1 Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, and in the case of Article 6.2 of the SMTA shall mean "under this Agreement". ii) The reference in Article 6.11 and Annex 3 of the SMTA to "Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture belonging to the same crop, as set out in Annex 1 to the Treaty" shall be taken to mean "Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture belonging to the same crop".

The material is held in trust and the recipient has no rights to obtain Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) on the material or related information. The recipient may utilize and conserve the material for research, breeding and training and may distribute it to other parties provided such parties accept the terms and conditions of the SMTA .

ILRI will provide forage seeds in small experimental quantities of between 1 and 20 grams without charge from the germplasm collection under the SMTA as appropriate for the crop as part of its policy of maximizing the utilization of material for research, breeding and training. Larger quantities sufficient to sow up to one quarter of a hectare of a limited number of promising accessions will require that requesters cover the costs of production and shipping.

ILRI makes no warranties as to the safety or title of the material, nor as to the accuracy or correctness of any passport or other data provided with the material. Neither does it make any warranties as to the quality, viability, or purity (genetic or mechanical) of the material being furnished. The phytosanitary condition of the material is warranted only as described in the attached phytosanitary certificate. The recipient assumes full responsibility for complying with the recipient nation’s quarantine and biosafety regulations and rules as to import or release of genetic material.

Software Disclaimer

This software was created by USDA/ARS, with Bioversity International coordinating testing and feedback from the international genebank community. Development was supported financially by USDA/ARS and by a major grant from the Global Crop Diversity Trust. This statement by USDA does not imply approval of these enterprises to the exclusion of others which might also be suitable.

USDA dedicates this software to the public, anyone may use, copy, modify, publish, distribute, perform publicly and display publicly this software. Notice of this access as well as the other paragraphs in this notice shall be included in all copies or modifications of this software.

This software application has not been tested or otherwise examined for suitability for implementation on, or compatibility with, any other computer systems. USDA does not warrant, either explicitly or implicitly, that this software program will not cause damage to the user’s computer or computer operating system, nor does USDA warrant, either explicitly or implicitly, the effectiveness of the software application.

The English text above shall take precedence in the event of any inconsistencies between the English text and any translation of this notice.

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Last updated: 10 June, 2021