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Taxonomic Information on Cultivated Plants in GRIN-Global




Geographical Distribution

Currently, 548,418 distribution records exist in GRIN-Global for the 59,283 taxa for which distributional data are provided. Each record is a linkage between a continent, country, or state occurrence and an accepted taxon name. Country designations follow standards of the U.S. Government as implemented in GRIN-Global. GRIN-Global distribution records are grouped into areas and regions in accordance with the standard publication World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (Brummitt, 2001), which divides the terrestrial world into nine areas: Africa, Antarctic, Asia-Temperate, Asia-Tropical, Australasia, Europe, Northern America, Pacific, and Southern America.

Distributions are given as reported in the literature or by consulted specialists. Native or potentially native distributions are recorded and displayed separately from cultivated, adventive, or naturalized distributions. For weedy species this distinction is sometimes obscure, and some widespread taxa may have their entire distributions summarized as a comment. State distributions for some larger countries are provided when these are available, although sometimes these are not itemized for taxa widespread within those countries. However, a distributional report for a taxon in a geographical or political region does not necessarily imply widespread occurrence in that region, but only indicates that a literature citation or other basis exists for that report. When available, more specificity in GRIN-Global distributional reports is given as comments, but the available information may vary greatly from one taxon or region to another. Among regions, the greatest gaps in information exist mainly for tropical regions.

For species with subspecies or varieties in GRIN-Global, the main entry for the species provides the overall distribution, including distributions for any subspecies or varieties not appearing in GRIN-Global. Autonym entries provide distributions of only the typical subspecies or variety which occupies all or only a portion of the total distribution for the species.



ILRI Germplasm Policy (excerpts)

The International Livestock research Institute (ILRI) maintains a collection of forage germplasm as a global public good. The material was acquired prior to the entry into force of the Convention on Biological Diversity; or if it was acquired after the entering into force of the Convention on Biological Diversity, it was obtained with the understanding that it was held in trust and could be made available for any agricultural research, breeding and training purposes under the terms and conditions set out in the agreement between the ILRI and FAO dated 26 October 1994. On 16 October 2006, ILRI signed an agreement with the Governing Body of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (the Treaty) placing these in trust collections of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (PGRFA) within the purview of the Treaty.

In accordance with this Agreement, all shipments of PGRFA of crops listed in Annex 1 to the Treaty (shipments of PGRFA under the Multilateral System) will be subject to the terms and conditions of the Standard Material Transfer Agreement (SMTA). In the event that the SMTA (attached) is used for the transfer of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture other than those listed in Annex 1 of the Treaty: i) The references in the SMTA to the "Multilateral System" shall not be interpreted as limiting the application of the SMTA to Annex 1 Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, and in the case of Article 6.2 of the SMTA shall mean "under this Agreement". ii) The reference in Article 6.11 and Annex 3 of the SMTA to "Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture belonging to the same crop, as set out in Annex 1 to the Treaty" shall be taken to mean "Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture belonging to the same crop".

The material is held in trust and the recipient has no rights to obtain Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) on the material or related information. The recipient may utilize and conserve the material for research, breeding and training and may distribute it to other parties provided such parties accept the terms and conditions of the SMTA .

ILRI will provide forage seeds in small experimental quantities of between 1 and 20 grams without charge from the germplasm collection under the SMTA as appropriate for the crop as part of its policy of maximizing the utilization of material for research, breeding and training. Larger quantities sufficient to sow up to one quarter of a hectare of a limited number of promising accessions will require that requesters cover the costs of production and shipping.

ILRI makes no warranties as to the safety or title of the material, nor as to the accuracy or correctness of any passport or other data provided with the material. Neither does it make any warranties as to the quality, viability, or purity (genetic or mechanical) of the material being furnished. The phytosanitary condition of the material is warranted only as described in the attached phytosanitary certificate. The recipient assumes full responsibility for complying with the recipient nation’s quarantine and biosafety regulations and rules as to import or release of genetic material.