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Taxonomic Information on Cultivated Plants in GRIN-Global




Symbols and Abbreviations in GRIN Taxonomy

(See also the Database of Botanical Taxonomic Categories on the Mansfeld server of IPK Gatersleben, Germany for further information on various taxonomic ranks.)

× denotes a cross between two species (e.g., Sorghum bicolor × Sorghum halepense) or part of the binomial for such a hybrid (e.g., S. ×almum), or precedes an intergeneric hybrid (e.g., ×Triticosecale).

+ denotes a graft-chimera, an individual composed of two or more genetically different tissues united by grafting (e.g., +Laburnocytisus) as treated under Article 5 of the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP) (Brickell et al., 2016).

‘...’ single quotation marks surrounding a name at the rank of cultivar, a taxonomic rank applied to cultivated plants under Article 2 of the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP) (Brickell et al., 2016).

“...” double quotation marks surrounding a designation that has not been validly published and is therefore not a name in the sense of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN) (McNeill et al., 2012).

= follows synonyms and precedes their accepted names; also precedes hybrid formula of hybrids, alternative accepted cultivar names, or other alternative accepted names in literature citations.

=~ precedes probable generic synonyms that are treated as synonyms in GRIN but may be accepted elsewhere.

~ precedes possible generic synonyms that are accepted in GRIN but treated as synonyms elsewhere.

indicates homotypic synonymy, i.e. based on the same type as the accepted name, as per a basionym.

aggr. aggregate, an informal grouping of related species.

Amer. American.

anon. anonymous, indicating that the author of a publication is unknown.

auct. auctorum (Latin): of authors. Used to represent an incorrect usage of a name for a different taxon than the one intended by the original author.

auct. mult. auctorum multorum (Latin): of many authors. Used to represent a common incorrect usage of a name that has been widely used for a different taxon than the one intended by the original author.

auct. nonn. auctorum nonnullorum (Latin): of some authors. Used to represent an occasional incorrect usage of a name that has been sometimes used for a different taxon than the one intended by the original author.

auct. pl. auctorum plurimorum (Latin): of most authors. Used to represent the most common incorrect usage of a name that has been widely used for a different taxon than the one intended by the original author.

c. central.

cult. cultivated, cultivation.

cum (Latin): with, together with.

cv. cultivar, a taxonomic rank applied to cultivated plants under the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP) (Brickell et al., 2016).

e. east, e.-c. east-central.

Eur. European.

f. forma, one of the lowest taxonomic ranks, below subspecies and variety; or, when following an author, filius (Latin): son (e.g., L. f.: son of Linnaeus).

fide (Latin): according to.

hort. hortulanorum (Latin): of gardeners, signifying that the name was first used in gardens and was later published without the name of its originator, or used here to represent a common incorrect usage of a name in horticulture for a different taxon than the one intended by the original author.

hort. nonn. hortulanorum nonnullorum (Latin): of some gardeners.

hybr. catch-all designation used in GRIN to accommodate germplasm of hybrid parentage within a given genus for which no hybrid binomial exists.

in adnot. in adnotatione (Latin): in annotation, in a note.

ined. ineditus (Latin): unpublished.

introd. introduced.

n. north, n.-c. north-central, n.e. northeast, n.w. northwest.

natzd. naturalized.

nom. ambig. nomen ambiguum (Latin): ambiguous name used in different senses which has become a long-persistent source of error.

nom. confus. nomen confusum (Latin): confused name for which the type and/or application cannot be determined and which therefore is no longer used.

nom. cons. nomen conservandum (Latin): name conserved under Article 14 of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN) (McNeill et al., 2012).

nom. cons. prop. nomen conservandum propositum (Latin): name proposed to the General Committee for conservation under Article 14 of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN) (McNeill et al., 2012).

nom. dub. nomen dubium (Latin): dubious name, i.e., application of name uncertain.

nom. illeg. nomen illegitimum (Latin): illegitimate name according to Article 52 or 53 of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN) (McNeill et al., 2012).

nom. inval. nomen invalidum, nomen non rite publicatum (Latin): a designation not validly published according to Article 32 of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN) (McNeill et al., 2012).

nom. nov. nomen novum (Latin): replacement name for an older name typified by the type of the older name according to Article 7.4 of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN) (McNeill et al., 2012).

nom. nud. nomen nudum (Latin): a designation published without a description or reference to a published description or diagnosis as required under Article 38 of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN) (McNeill et al., 2012).

nom. rej. nomen rejiciendum (Latin): name rejected under Article 14 or 56 of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN) (McNeill et al., 2012) that cannot be used.

nom. superfl. nomen superfluum (Latin): an illegitimate name that was superfluous when published according to Article 52 of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN) (McNeill et al., 2012).

notho- (subsp. or var.) prefix to the rank of a hybrid taxon below the rank of species.

orth. rej. rejected orthographic variant under Article 14.11 of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN) (McNeill et al., 2012).

orth. var. orthographic variant, i.e., an incorrect alternate spelling of a name according to Article 61 of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN) (McNeill et al., 2012).

p.p. pro parte (Latin): in part.

pro hyb. pro hybrida (Latin): as a hybrid.

prol. proles, a taxonomic rank formerly applied to cultivated plants and basically equivalent to the current cultivar-group.

prop. propositus (Latin): proposed.

pro parte (Latin): in part.

pro parte majore (Latin): for the greater part.

pro parte minore (Latin): for a small part.

pro sp. pro specie (Latin): as a species.

pro subsp. pro subspecie (Latin): as a subspecies.

pro syn. pro synonymo (Latin): as a synonym.

s. south, s.-c. south-central, s.e. southeast, s.w. southwest.

sect. section, a taxonomic rank of a subdivision of a genus below subgenus and above series.

ser. series, a taxonomic rank of a subdivision of a genus below section.

sensu (Latin): in the sense or opinion of.

sensu lato (Latin): in a broad sense.

sensu stricto (Latin): in a narrow sense.

spp. catch-all designation used in GRIN to accommodate germplasm of an unidentified or unnamed species in a given genus.

subfam. subfamily, a taxonomic rank of a subdivision of a family below family and above tribe.

subg. subgenus, a taxonomic rank of a subdivision of a genus below genus and above section.

subsect. subsection, a taxonomic rank of a subdivision of a genus below section and above series.

subser. subseries, a taxonomic rank of a subdivision of a genus below series.

subsp. subspecies, a taxonomic rank below species and above variety.

typo excl. typo excluso (Latin): with the type excluded.

typo incl. typo incluso (Latin): with the type included.

var. variety, a taxonomic rank below subspecies and above forma.

w. west, w.-c. west-central.



ILRI Germplasm Policy (excerpts)

The International Livestock research Institute (ILRI) maintains a collection of forage germplasm as a global public good. The material was acquired prior to the entry into force of the Convention on Biological Diversity; or if it was acquired after the entering into force of the Convention on Biological Diversity, it was obtained with the understanding that it was held in trust and could be made available for any agricultural research, breeding and training purposes under the terms and conditions set out in the agreement between the ILRI and FAO dated 26 October 1994. On 16 October 2006, ILRI signed an agreement with the Governing Body of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (the Treaty) placing these in trust collections of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (PGRFA) within the purview of the Treaty.

In accordance with this Agreement, all shipments of PGRFA of crops listed in Annex 1 to the Treaty (shipments of PGRFA under the Multilateral System) will be subject to the terms and conditions of the Standard Material Transfer Agreement (SMTA). In the event that the SMTA (attached) is used for the transfer of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture other than those listed in Annex 1 of the Treaty: i) The references in the SMTA to the "Multilateral System" shall not be interpreted as limiting the application of the SMTA to Annex 1 Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, and in the case of Article 6.2 of the SMTA shall mean "under this Agreement". ii) The reference in Article 6.11 and Annex 3 of the SMTA to "Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture belonging to the same crop, as set out in Annex 1 to the Treaty" shall be taken to mean "Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture belonging to the same crop".

The material is held in trust and the recipient has no rights to obtain Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) on the material or related information. The recipient may utilize and conserve the material for research, breeding and training and may distribute it to other parties provided such parties accept the terms and conditions of the SMTA .

ILRI will provide forage seeds in small experimental quantities of between 1 and 20 grams without charge from the germplasm collection under the SMTA as appropriate for the crop as part of its policy of maximizing the utilization of material for research, breeding and training. Larger quantities sufficient to sow up to one quarter of a hectare of a limited number of promising accessions will require that requesters cover the costs of production and shipping.

ILRI makes no warranties as to the safety or title of the material, nor as to the accuracy or correctness of any passport or other data provided with the material. Neither does it make any warranties as to the quality, viability, or purity (genetic or mechanical) of the material being furnished. The phytosanitary condition of the material is warranted only as described in the attached phytosanitary certificate. The recipient assumes full responsibility for complying with the recipient nation’s quarantine and biosafety regulations and rules as to import or release of genetic material.