Taxon:
Pistia stratiotes L.
Summary
Place of publication:
Sp. pl. 2:963. 1753
Verified:
04/28/2000
ARS Systematic Botanists.
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Reference(s)
- Adams, C. 1972. Flowering plants of Jamaica
- Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource) www.skud.info
- Backer, C. A. & R. C. Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr. 1963-1968. Flora of Java.
- Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. 1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45
- Brickell, C., ed. 1997. The American Horticultural Society. Encyclopaedia of garden plants MacMillan Publishing Company, New York, New York.
- Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959-. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae.
- CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland. Documenta CIBA-GEIGY (Grass weeds 1. 1980, 2. 1981; Monocot weeds 3. 1982; Dicot weeds 1. 1988) Note: four books on weeds worldwide in scope
- Correll, D. S. & M. C. Johnston. 1970. Manual of the vascular plants of Texas
- Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage
- FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America. URL: http://floranorthamerica.org/
- Fouché, J.-G. 1999. pers. comm. Note: re. French common names
- Govaerts, R. & D. G. Frodin. 2002. World checklist and bibliography of Araceae (and Acoraceae). URL: http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/home.do
- Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
- Hay, A. et al. 1995. Checklist & botanical bibliography of the aroids of Malesia, Australia, and the tropical western Pacific. Blumea suppl. 8
- Henderson, L. 2001. Alien weeds and invasive plants: a complete guide to declared weeds and invaders in South Africa. Plant Protection Research Institute, Handbook 12
- Henderson, M. et al. 1987. Declared weeds and alien invader plants in South Africa. Botanical Research Institute, bulletin 413
- Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
- Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. 1993. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia
- Li, H. L. et al., eds. 1975-1979. Flora of Taiwan.
- Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.
- Liogier, H. A. & L. F. Martorell. 1982. Flora of Puerto Rico and adjacent islands: a systematic synopsis.
- Llamas, K. A. 2003. Tropical flowering plants: a guide to identification and cultivation
- Long, R. W. & O. Lakela. 1971. A flora of tropical Florida.
- Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970-. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
- Parsons, W. T. & E. G. Cuthbertson. 1992. Noxious weeds of Australia Inkata Press, Melbourne, Australia.
- Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
- Skvortsov, A. K., ed. 2006. Flora of the Lower Volga region 1:313.
- Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark. 1946-1976. Flora of Guatemala.
- USDA National Agricultural Library. National Invasive Species Information Center (on-line resource). URL: http://www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/aquatics/waterlettuce.shtml
- Walker, E. 1976. Flora of Okinawa and the southern Ryukyu Islands.
- Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds
- 1961. Webster's third new international dictionary.
- 2018. Mid-Atlantic invasive plant species (on-line resource)
Common names
English
Nile-cabbage – shellflower – tropical-duckweed – waterbonnet – water-cabbage – water-lettuce – Afrikaans
waterslaai – French
laitue d'eau – German
Wassersalat – Portuguese (Brazil)
alface-d'água – flor-d'água – repolho-d'água – Spanish
lechuga de agua – Swedish
musselblomma –
Distribution
order_code | Status | Continent | Subcontinent | Country | State | Note |
1 | Native | Africa | East Tropical Africa | Kenya | | |
1 | Native | Africa | East Tropical Africa | Tanzania | | |
1 | Native | Africa | East Tropical Africa | Uganda | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Northeast Tropical Africa | Chad | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Northeast Tropical Africa | Ethiopia | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Northeast Tropical Africa | Somalia | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Northeast Tropical Africa | Sudan | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Northern Africa | Egypt | | |
1 | Native | Africa | South Tropical Africa | Angola | | |
1 | Native | Africa | South Tropical Africa | Malawi | | |
1 | Native | Africa | South Tropical Africa | Mozambique | | |
1 | Native | Africa | South Tropical Africa | Zambia | | |
1 | Native | Africa | South Tropical Africa | Zimbabwe | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Southern Africa | Botswana | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Southern Africa | Eswatini | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Southern Africa | Lesotho | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Southern Africa | Namibia | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Southern Africa | South Africa | Cape Province | |
1 | Native | Africa | Southern Africa | South Africa | Free State | |
1 | Native | Africa | Southern Africa | South Africa | KwaZulu-Natal | |
1 | Native | Africa | Southern Africa | South Africa | Transvaal | |
1 | Native | Africa | West Tropical Africa | Benin | | |
1 | Native | Africa | West Tropical Africa | Burkina Faso | | |
1 | Native | Africa | West Tropical Africa | Côte D'Ivoire | | |
1 | Native | Africa | West Tropical Africa | Gambia | | |
1 | Native | Africa | West Tropical Africa | Ghana | | |
1 | Native | Africa | West Tropical Africa | Guinea | | |
1 | Native | Africa | West Tropical Africa | Guinea-Bissau | | |
1 | Native | Africa | West Tropical Africa | Liberia | | |
1 | Native | Africa | West Tropical Africa | Mali | | |
1 | Native | Africa | West Tropical Africa | Mauritania | | |
1 | Native | Africa | West Tropical Africa | Niger | | |
1 | Native | Africa | West Tropical Africa | Nigeria | | |
1 | Native | Africa | West Tropical Africa | Senegal | | |
1 | Native | Africa | West Tropical Africa | Sierra Leone | | |
1 | Native | Africa | West Tropical Africa | Togo | | |
1 | Native | Africa | West-Central Tropical Africa | Burundi | | |
1 | Native | Africa | West-Central Tropical Africa | Cameroon | | |
1 | Native | Africa | West-Central Tropical Africa | Central African Republic | | |
1 | Native | Africa | West-Central Tropical Africa | Congo | | |
1 | Native | Africa | West-Central Tropical Africa | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | |
1 | Native | Africa | West-Central Tropical Africa | Equatorial Guinea | | |
1 | Native | Africa | West-Central Tropical Africa | Gabon | | |
1 | Native | Africa | West-Central Tropical Africa | Rwanda | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Western Indian Ocean | Comoros | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Western Indian Ocean | Madagascar | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Western Indian Ocean | Mauritius | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | China | China | Anhui Sheng | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | China | China | Fujian Sheng | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | China | China | Guangdong Sheng | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | China | China | Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | China | China | Hubei Sheng | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | China | China | Hunan Sheng | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | China | China | Jiangsu Sheng | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | China | China | Shandong Sheng | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | China | China | Sichuan Sheng | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | China | China | Yunnan Sheng | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | China | China | Zhejiang Sheng | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Eastern Asia | Taiwan | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Afghanistan | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Tropical | Indian Subcontinent | Bangladesh | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Tropical | Indian Subcontinent | India | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Tropical | Indian Subcontinent | Nepal | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Tropical | Indian Subcontinent | Pakistan | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Tropical | Indian Subcontinent | Sri Lanka | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Tropical | Indo-China | Cambodia | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Tropical | Indo-China | India | Andaman and Nicobar Islands | |
1 | Native | Asia-Tropical | Indo-China | Laos | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Tropical | Indo-China | Myanmar | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Tropical | Indo-China | Thailand | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Tropical | Indo-China | Vietnam | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Tropical | Malesia | Brunei Darussalam | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Tropical | Malesia | Indonesia | Jawa | |
1 | Native | Asia-Tropical | Malesia | Indonesia | Kalimantan | |
1 | Native | Asia-Tropical | Malesia | Indonesia | Lesser Sunda Islands | |
1 | Native | Asia-Tropical | Malesia | Indonesia | Maluku | |
1 | Native | Asia-Tropical | Malesia | Indonesia | Sulawesi | |
1 | Native | Asia-Tropical | Malesia | Indonesia | Sumatera | |
1 | Native | Asia-Tropical | Malesia | Malaysia | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Tropical | Malesia | Philippines | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Tropical | Malesia | Singapore | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Tropical | Papuasia | Indonesia | Papua Barat | |
1 | Native | Asia-Tropical | Papuasia | Papua New Guinea | | |
1 | Native | Australasia | Australia | Australia | Northern Territory | |
1 | Native | Australasia | Australia | Australia | Queensland | |
1 | Native | Northern America | | Mexico | | |
1 | Native | Northern America | South-Central U.S.A. | United States | Texas | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Florida | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Louisiana | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Mississippi | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Brazil | Brazil | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Caribbean | Antigua and Barbuda | Antigua | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Caribbean | Cuba | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Caribbean | Dominican Republic | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Caribbean | Guadeloupe | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Caribbean | Haiti | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Caribbean | Jamaica | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Caribbean | Martinique | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Caribbean | Montserrat | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Caribbean | St. Vincent and Grenadines | Saint Vincent | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Caribbean | Trinidad and Tobago | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Caribbean | United States | Puerto Rico | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Central America | Belize | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Central America | Costa Rica | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Central America | El Salvador | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Central America | Guatemala | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Central America | Honduras | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Central America | Nicaragua | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Central America | Panama | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Northern South America | French Guiana | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Northern South America | Guyana | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Northern South America | Suriname | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Northern South America | Venezuela | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Southern South America | Argentina | | n. |
1 | Native | Southern America | Southern South America | Paraguay | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Southern South America | Uruguay | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Western South America | Bolivia | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Western South America | Colombia | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Western South America | Ecuador | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Western South America | Peru | | |
2 | Cultivated | | | | | also cult. |
3 | Adventive | Europe | Eastern Europe | Russian Federation | Astrakhan | |
Native
Africa
-
NORTHERN AFRICA:
Egypt
-
NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA:
Ethiopia, Sudan, Somalia, Chad
-
EAST TROPICAL AFRICA:
Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
-
WEST-CENTRAL TROPICAL AFRICA:
Burundi, Central African Republic, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Congo, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, Rwanda
-
WEST TROPICAL AFRICA:
Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte D'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo
-
SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA:
Angola, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe
-
SOUTHERN AFRICA:
Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, Eswatini, South Africa [Cape Province, KwaZulu-Natal, Free State, Transvaal]
-
WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN:
Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius
Asia-Temperate
-
WESTERN ASIA:
Afghanistan
-
CHINA:
China [Anhui Sheng, Zhejiang Sheng, Fujian Sheng, Hunan Sheng, Hubei Sheng, Jiangsu Sheng, Guangdong Sheng, Shandong Sheng, Sichuan Sheng, Yunnan Sheng, Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu]
-
EASTERN ASIA:
Taiwan
Asia-Tropical
-
INDIAN SUBCONTINENT:
Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Pakistan
-
PAPUASIA:
Indonesia [Papua Barat], Papua New Guinea
-
INDO-CHINA:
India [Andaman and Nicobar Islands], Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam
-
MALESIA:
Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia [Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Jawa, Lesser Sunda Islands, Maluku, Sumatera], Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore
Australasia
-
AUSTRALIA:
Australia [Queensland, Northern Territory]
Northern America
-
SOUTHEASTERN U.S.A.:
United States [Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi]
-
SOUTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.:
United States [Texas]
-
REGION:
Mexico
Southern America
-
CARIBBEAN:
Antigua and Barbuda [Antigua], Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Jamaica, Montserrat, Martinique, Trinidad and Tobago, United States [Puerto Rico], St. Vincent and Grenadines [Saint Vincent]
-
CENTRAL AMERICA:
Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, El Salvador
-
NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICA:
French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela
-
BRAZIL:
Brazil
-
WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA:
Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru
-
SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA:
Argentina (n.), Paraguay, Uruguay
Cultivated
(also cult.)
Adventive
Europe
-
EASTERN EUROPE:
Russian Federation [Astrakhan]
Economic Uses
Usage | Type | Note | Reference |
Animal food | potential as fodder | | Parsons, W. T. & E. G. Cuthbertson. 1992. Noxious weeds of Australia Inkata Press, Melbourne, Australia. |
Environmental | ornamental | | Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage |
Environmental | ornamental | | Brickell, C., ed. 1997. The American Horticultural Society. Encyclopaedia of garden plants MacMillan Publishing Company, New York, New York. |
Environmental | ornamental | | Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds |
Fuels | potential as miscellaneous fuel | for production of methane gas | Parsons, W. T. & E. G. Cuthbertson. 1992. Noxious weeds of Australia Inkata Press, Melbourne, Australia. |
Weed | | | Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. 1993. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia |
Weed | | | Henderson, M. et al. 1987. Declared weeds and alien invader plants in South Africa. Botanical Research Institute, bulletin 413 |
Weed | | | Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds |
Weed | | | Henderson, L. 2001. Alien weeds and invasive plants: a complete guide to declared weeds and invaders in South Africa. Plant Protection Research Institute, Handbook 12 |