Taxon:
Fagopyrum esculentum Moench
Summary
Place of publication:
Methodus 290. 1794
Verified:
03/10/2004
ARS Systematic Botanists.
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Reference(s)
- Afonin, A. N., S. L. Greene, N. I. Dzyubenko, & A. N. Frolov, eds. Interactive agricultural ecological atlas of Russia and neighboring countries. Economic plants and their diseases, pests and weeds (on-line resource). URL: http://www.agroatlas.ru/en/content/cultural/Fagopyrum_esculentum_K/
- Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource) www.skud.info
- Allan, H. H. B. et al. 1961-. Flora of New Zealand. URL: http://floraseries.landcareresearch.co.nz/pages/index.aspx
- Bosser, J. M. et al., eds. 1976-. Flores des Mascareignes.
- Campbell, C. 2003. Buckwheat crop improvement. Fagopyrum 20:1-6. Note: Fagopyrum esculentum, a diploid, 2n=16
- Chen, Q.-F. 1999. A study of resources of Fagopyrum (Polygonaceae) native to China. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 130:53-64. Note: it postulated diploids Fagopyrum megaspartanium and F. pilus as probable ancestors of buckwheat
- Chen, Q.-F. 1999. Hybridization between Fagopyrum (Polygonaceae) species native to China. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 131:177-185.
- Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson. 1998. Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning Note: poisonous
- Darbyshire, S. J. 2003. Inventory of Canadian Agricultural Weeds Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 79.
- Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
- FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America. URL: http://floranorthamerica.org/
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource). URL: http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropListDetails?code=&relation=beginsWith&name=Fagopyrum+esculentum&quantity=1
- Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14
- Grubben, G. J. H. & Soetjipto Partohardjono, eds. 1996. Cereals. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 10:95-99. URL: http://proseanet.org
- Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6 URL: http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/pls/htmldb_pgrc/f?p=185:3:2422827336895397#
- Hedberg, I. & S. Edwards. 1989-. Flora of Ethiopia Note: Eritrea added in 2000
- Hnatiuk, R. J. 1990. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11.
- Iwatsuki, K. et al. 1993-. Flora of Japan.
- Jalas, J. & J. Suominen. 1972-. Atlas florae europaeae.
- Kingsbury, J. M. 1964. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada. Note: poisonous
- Konishi, T. et al. 2005. Original birthplace of cultivated common buckwheat inferred from genetic relationships among cultivated populations and natural populations of wild common buckwheat revealed by AFLP analysis. Genes Genet. Systems 80:113-119.
- Krasnoborov, I. M., ed. 2000-. Flora of Siberia (English translation)
- Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2
- Logacheva, M. D. et al. 2008. Comparative chloroplast genomics and phylogenetics of Fagopyrum esculentum ssp. ancestrale - A wild ancestor of cultivated buckwheat. B. M. C. Pl. Biol. 8:59. URL: http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcplantbiol/
- Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
- McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
- Mun-Chan, B. et al. 1986. A checklist of the Korean cultivated plants. Kulturpflanze 34:98-99.
- Munro, D. B. Canadian poisonous plants information system (on-line resource). URL: http://www.cbif.gc.ca/pls/pp/poison?p_x=px
- Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970-. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
- Ohnishi, O. & T. Konishi. 2001. Cultivated and wild buckwheat species in eastern Tibet. Fagopyrum 18:3-8.
- Ohnishi, O. 1998. Search for the wild ancestor of buckwheat III. The wild ancestor of cultivated common buckwheat, and of Tatary buckwheat. Econ. Bot. 52:123-133. URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/12231 Note: it recognized "Fagopyrum esculentum subsp. ancestralis"
- Personal Care Products Council. INCI URL: http://www.personalcarecouncil.org/public/what-inci
- Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource). URL: http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Frontpage.html
- Randall, R. P. 2007. The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status. URL: http://www.weeds.org.au/docs/intro_flora_australia.pdf
- Rehm, S. & G. Espig. 1991. The cultivated plants of the tropics and subtropics
- Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
- Samimy, C. 1991. Barrier to interspecific crossing of Fagopyrum esculentum with Fagopyrum tataricum: I. Site of pollen-tube arrest. II. Organogenesis from immature embryos of F. tataricum. Euphytica 54:215-219. Note: Netherlands journal of plant breeding
- Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952-. Flora of tropical East Africa.
- University of California Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program. UC SAREP on-line cover crop database (on-line resource). URL: http://www.sarep.ucdavis.edu/ccrop/
- Villaseñor, J. L. & F. J. Espinoza-Garcia. 2004. The alien flowering plants of Mexico. Diversity & Distrib. 10:113-123.
- Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition). URL: http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=2
- Yasui, Y. & O. Ohnishi. 1998. Phylogenetic relationships among Fagopyrum species revealed by the nucleotide sequences of the ITS region of the nuclear rRNA gene. Genes Genet. Systems 73:201-210. Note: it recognizes two subspecies: esculentum and ancestralis
- PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource). URL: http://www.prota4u.info/
Common names
English
buckwheat – common buckwheat – Japanese buckwheat – silverhull buckwheat – English (Canada)
buckwheat – French
blé noir – bouquette – renouée – sarrasin – sarrasin commun – French (Canada)
sarrasin commun – German
Buchweizen – Heidekorn – Italian
faggina – fagopiro – grano saraceno – sarasin – Japanese Rōmaji
soba – Portuguese
trigo-sarraceno – Spanish
alforfón – grano sarraceno – grano turco – trigo-sarraceno – Swedish
bovete – Transcribed Chinese
qiao mai – Transcribed Korean
memil – Transliterated Russian
grečicha kul'turnaja – grečicha posevnaja –
Distribution
order_code | Status | Continent | Subcontinent | Country | State | Note |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | China | China | Xizang Zizhiqu | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | China | China | Yunnan Sheng | |
2 | Cultivated | Africa | East Tropical Africa | Uganda | | |
2 | Cultivated | Africa | Northeast Tropical Africa | Ethiopia | | |
2 | Cultivated | Africa | South Tropical Africa | Zimbabwe | | |
2 | Cultivated | Africa | Southern Africa | South Africa | | |
2 | Cultivated | Africa | West-Central Tropical Africa | Democratic Republic of the Congo | | |
2 | Cultivated | Africa | Western Indian Ocean | Reunion | | |
2 | Cultivated | Asia-Temperate | China | China | | |
2 | Cultivated | Asia-Temperate | Eastern Asia | Japan | | |
2 | Cultivated | Asia-Temperate | Eastern Asia | Korea | | |
2 | Cultivated | Asia-Temperate | Middle Asia | Kazakhstan | | n. |
2 | Cultivated | Asia-Temperate | Mongolia | Mongolia | | |
2 | Cultivated | Asia-Temperate | Russian Far East | Russian Federation-Far East | Far East | |
2 | Cultivated | Asia-Temperate | Siberia | Russian Federation-Eastern Siberia | Eastern Siberia | |
2 | Cultivated | Asia-Temperate | Siberia | Russian Federation-Western Siberia | Western Siberia | |
2 | Cultivated | Asia-Tropical | Indian Subcontinent | Bhutan | | |
2 | Cultivated | Asia-Tropical | Indian Subcontinent | India | | |
2 | Cultivated | Asia-Tropical | Indian Subcontinent | Nepal | | |
2 | Cultivated | Asia-Tropical | Indian Subcontinent | Pakistan | | |
2 | Cultivated | Asia-Tropical | Indo-China | Myanmar | | |
2 | Cultivated | Asia-Tropical | Indo-China | Thailand | | n. |
2 | Cultivated | Asia-Tropical | Indo-China | Vietnam | | n. |
2 | Cultivated | Australasia | Australia | Australia | | |
2 | Cultivated | Australasia | New Zealand | New Zealand | | |
2 | Cultivated | Europe | Eastern Europe | Belarus | | |
2 | Cultivated | Europe | Eastern Europe | Latvia | | |
2 | Cultivated | Europe | Eastern Europe | Lithuania | | |
2 | Cultivated | Europe | Eastern Europe | Russian Federation-European part | European part | |
2 | Cultivated | Europe | Eastern Europe | Ukraine | | |
2 | Cultivated | Europe | Middle Europe | Poland | | |
2 | Cultivated | Northern America | | Canada | | |
2 | Cultivated | Northern America | | United States | | |
2 | Cultivated | Southern America | Brazil | Brazil | | |
2 | Cultivated | Southern America | Caribbean | Cuba | | |
4 | Naturalized | Africa | East Tropical Africa | Kenya | | |
4 | Naturalized | Africa | East Tropical Africa | Tanzania | | |
4 | Naturalized | Africa | East Tropical Africa | Uganda | | |
4 | Naturalized | Africa | Southern Africa | Botswana | | |
4 | Naturalized | Africa | Southern Africa | South Africa | Eastern Cape | |
4 | Naturalized | Africa | Southern Africa | South Africa | Free State | |
4 | Naturalized | Africa | Southern Africa | South Africa | Gauteng | |
4 | Naturalized | Africa | Southern Africa | South Africa | KwaZulu-Natal | |
4 | Naturalized | Africa | Southern Africa | South Africa | Northern Cape | |
4 | Naturalized | Asia-Temperate | Eastern Asia | Japan | | |
4 | Naturalized | Asia-Temperate | Siberia | Russian Federation-Eastern Siberia | Eastern Siberia | |
4 | Naturalized | Asia-Temperate | Siberia | Russian Federation-Western Siberia | Western Siberia | |
4 | Naturalized | Asia-Tropical | Indian Subcontinent | Pakistan | | |
4 | Naturalized | Australasia | Australia | Australia | New South Wales | |
4 | Naturalized | Australasia | Australia | Australia | Queensland | |
4 | Naturalized | Australasia | New Zealand | New Zealand | | |
4 | Naturalized | Europe | Eastern Europe | Russian Federation-European part | European part | |
4 | Naturalized | Europe | Middle Europe | Austria | | |
4 | Naturalized | Europe | Middle Europe | Germany | | |
4 | Naturalized | Europe | Northern Europe | Denmark | | |
4 | Naturalized | Europe | Northern Europe | Sweden | | |
4 | Naturalized | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Bulgaria | | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | Eastern Canada | Canada | Newfoundland and Labrador | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | Eastern Canada | Canada | Nova Scotia | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | Eastern Canada | Canada | Ontario | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | Eastern Canada | Canada | Prince Edward Island | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | Eastern Canada | Canada | Québec | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | Illinois | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | Iowa | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | Kansas | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | Minnesota | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | Missouri | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | Nebraska | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | North Dakota | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | Oklahoma | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | South Dakota | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | Wisconsin | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Connecticut | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Indiana | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Maine | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Massachusetts | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Michigan | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | New Hampshire | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | New Jersey | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | New York | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Ohio | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Pennsylvania | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Rhode Island | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Vermont | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | West Virginia | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | Northwestern U.S.A. | United States | Colorado | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | Northwestern U.S.A. | United States | Montana | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | Northwestern U.S.A. | United States | Oregon | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | Northwestern U.S.A. | United States | Washington | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | Northwestern U.S.A. | United States | Wyoming | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | South-Central U.S.A. | United States | New Mexico | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | South-Central U.S.A. | United States | Texas | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Alabama | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Delaware | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | District of Columbia | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Florida | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Georgia | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Kentucky | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Louisiana | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Maryland | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | North Carolina | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | South Carolina | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Tennessee | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Virginia | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | Southwestern U.S.A. | United States | Arizona | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | Southwestern U.S.A. | United States | California | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | Subarctic America | Canada | Yukon | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | Subarctic America | United States | Alaska | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | Western Canada | Canada | Alberta | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | Western Canada | Canada | Manitoba | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | Western Canada | Canada | Saskatchewan | |
Native
Asia-Temperate
-
CHINA:
China [Yunnan Sheng, Xizang Zizhiqu]
Cultivated
Africa
-
NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA:
Ethiopia
-
EAST TROPICAL AFRICA:
Uganda
-
WEST-CENTRAL TROPICAL AFRICA:
Democratic Republic of the Congo
-
SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA:
Zimbabwe
-
SOUTHERN AFRICA:
South Africa
-
WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN:
Reunion
Asia-Temperate
-
SIBERIA:
Russian Federation-Western Siberia [Western Siberia], Russian Federation-Eastern Siberia [Eastern Siberia]
-
MIDDLE ASIA:
Kazakhstan (n.)
-
MONGOLIA:
Mongolia
-
RUSSIAN FAR EAST:
Russian Federation-Far East [Far East]
-
CHINA:
China
-
EASTERN ASIA:
Korea, Japan
Asia-Tropical
-
INDIAN SUBCONTINENT:
Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan
-
INDO-CHINA:
Myanmar, Thailand (n.), Vietnam (n.)
Australasia
-
AUSTRALIA:
Australia
-
NEW ZEALAND:
New Zealand
Europe
-
MIDDLE EUROPE:
Poland
-
EASTERN EUROPE:
Russian Federation-European part [European part], Belarus, Lithuania, Latvia, Ukraine
Northern America
-
REGION:
Canada, United States
Southern America
-
CARIBBEAN:
Cuba
-
BRAZIL:
Brazil
Naturalized
Africa
-
EAST TROPICAL AFRICA:
Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
-
SOUTHERN AFRICA:
Botswana, South Africa [KwaZulu-Natal, Free State, Eastern Cape, Northern Cape, Gauteng]
Asia-Temperate
-
SIBERIA:
Russian Federation-Western Siberia [Western Siberia], Russian Federation-Eastern Siberia [Eastern Siberia]
-
EASTERN ASIA:
Japan
Asia-Tropical
-
INDIAN SUBCONTINENT:
Pakistan
Australasia
-
AUSTRALIA:
Australia [New South Wales, Queensland]
-
NEW ZEALAND:
New Zealand
Europe
-
NORTHERN EUROPE:
Denmark, Sweden
-
MIDDLE EUROPE:
Austria, Germany
-
EASTERN EUROPE:
Russian Federation-European part [European part]
-
SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE:
Bulgaria
Northern America
-
SUBARCTIC AMERICA:
Canada [Yukon], United States [Alaska]
-
EASTERN CANADA:
Canada [Québec, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Labrador]
-
WESTERN CANADA:
Canada [Saskatchewan, Alberta, Manitoba]
-
NORTHEASTERN U.S.A.:
United States [Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia, Connecticut]
-
NORTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.:
United States [Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Wisconsin]
-
NORTHWESTERN U.S.A.:
United States [Colorado, Montana, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming]
-
SOUTHEASTERN U.S.A.:
United States [Alabama, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee]
-
SOUTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.:
United States [New Mexico, Texas]
-
SOUTHWESTERN U.S.A.:
United States [Arizona, California]
Economic Uses
Usage | Type | Note | Reference |
Animal food | fodder | for poultry, livestock | Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2 |
Bee plants | honey production | | Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2 |
Environmental | soil improver | | University of California Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program. UC SAREP on-line cover crop database (on-line resource). URL: http://www.sarep.ucdavis.edu/ccrop/ |
Human food | pseudocereal | | Rehm, S. & G. Espig. 1991. The cultivated plants of the tropics and subtropics |
Medicines | source of rutin | | Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2 |
Medicines | source of rutin | | Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs |
Medicines | source of rutin | | McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland. |
Vertebrate poisons | mammals | | Kingsbury, J. M. 1964. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada. Note: poisonous |
Vertebrate poisons | mammals | | Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson. 1998. Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning Note: poisonous |