Environmental | ornamental | | Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds |
Human food | beverage base | used to make alcoholic and other beverages | Uphof, J. C. T. 1968. Dictionary of economic plants, ed. 2. |
Human food | fruit | | Mabberley, D. J. 1997. The plant-book: a portable dictionary of the vascular plants, ed. 2 |
Medicines | folklore | | Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs |
Medicines | folklore | | McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland. |
Medicines | folklore | | Mabberley, D. J. 1997. The plant-book: a portable dictionary of the vascular plants, ed. 2 |
Vertebrate poisons | mammals | | Lampe, K. F. & M. A. McCann. 1985. AMA handbook of poisonous and injurious plants |
Weed | potential seed contaminant | | Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds |
Weed | potential seed contaminant | | Campbell, F. T., ed. 1995. Report of National Coalition of Exotic Plant Pest Councils (unpublished draft) |