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Taxon:
Imperata cylindrica
(L.) Raeusch.
Nomenclature
Common Names
Distribution
Economic Uses
Summary
Genus:
Imperata
Family:
Poaceae
(alt. Gramineae)
Subfamily:
Panicoideae
Tribe:
Andropogoneae
Nomen number:
19864
Place of publication:
Nomencl. bot. 10. 1797 (A. M. F. J. Palisot de Beauvois, Ess. Agrostogr. 8, 165, 177, t. 5, fig. 1. 1812)
Comment:
when Cirillo published the genus
Imperata
(in Pl. rar. neapol. 2: 26. 1792) he cited
Lagurus cylindricus
L. in its synonymy, thus Räuschel’s use of the generic name
Imperata
together with the Linnaean species epithet provides sufficient indirect link to the basionym
Lagurus cylindricus
, and this can be considered a validly published new combination (
Shenzhen ICN
38.13 & 38.14)
Verified:
09/05/2017
ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
0
(
0
active,
0
available)
in National Plant Germplasm System.
Other conspecific taxa
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Basionym
Lagurus cylindricus
L.
Autonym(s)
Imperata cylindrica
(L.) Raeusch. subsp.
cylindrica
Imperata cylindrica
(L.) Raeusch. var.
cylindrica
Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Imperata arundinacea
Cirillo
Imperata cylindrica
(L.) Raeusch. subsp.
koenigii
(Retz.) Masam. & Yanagita
Imperata cylindrica
(L.) Raeusch. var.
koenigii
(Retz.) Perkins
Imperata cylindrica
(L.) Raeusch. var.
major
(Nees) C. E. Hubb.
Imperata koenigii
(Retz.) P. Beauv.
Imperata koenigii
(Retz.) P. Beauv. var.
koenigii
Imperata koenigii
P. Beauv. var.
major
Nees
Saccharum koenigii
Retz.
No images
Reference(s)
Abbiw, D. K.
1990. Useful plants of Ghana Intermediate Technology Publications & Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson.
2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
www.skud.info
Bor, N. L.
1960. The grasses of Burma, Ceylon, India, and Pakistan.
Note:
lists as
Imperata cylindrica
(L.) Raeusch.
Boulos, L.
1999-. Flora of Egypt
Cameron, A. G. et al.
1995. Performance of forages introduced into Kalimantan, Indonesia, by the South-East Asian Forage Seeds Project. Genet. Res. Commun. 21:2.
Chaudhary, S. A.
1987. Weeds of Saudi Arabia and the Arabian Peninsula.
CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland.
Documenta CIBA-GEIGY (Grass weeds 1. 1980, 2. 1981; Monocot weeds 3. 1982; Dicot weeds 1. 1988)
Note:
four books on weeds worldwide in scope
Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria.
Australian plant census (APC) (on-line resource).
URL:
http://www.anbg.gov.au/chah/apc/index.html
Davis, P. H., ed.
1965-1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
Note:
lists as
Imperata cylindrica
(L.) Raeusch.
Euro+Med Editorial Committee.
Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
URL:
http://www.emplantbase.org/home.html
Exell, A. W. et al., eds.
1960-. Flora zambesiaca.
URL:
http://www.kew.org/efloras/namesearch.do
Note:
lists as
Imperata cylindrica
(L.) Raeusch.
FNA Editorial Committee.
1993-. Flora of North America.
URL:
http://floranorthamerica.org/
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).
2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
URL:
http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropListDetails?code=&relation=beginsWith&name=Imperata+cylindrica&quantity=1
George, A. S., ed.
1980-. Flora of Australia.
Ghazanfar, S. A.
1992. An annotated catalogue of the vascular plants of Oman. Scripta Botanica Belgica 2
Gibbs-Russell, G. E. et al.
1990. Grasses of southern Africa. Mem. Bot. Surv. S. Africa vol. 58
Note:
lists as
Imperata cylindrica
(L.) Raeusch.
Grierson, A. J. C. & D. J. Long.
1984-. Flora of Bhutan including a record of plants from Sikkim.
Note:
lists as
Imperata cylindrica
(L.) Raeusch.
Groth, D.
2005. pers. comm.
Note:
re. Brazilian common names
Hansen, A. & P. Sunding.
1993. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 4. Sommerfeltia vol. 17.
Hedberg, I. & S. Edwards.
1989-. Flora of Ethiopia
Note:
lists as
Imperata cylindrica
(L.) Raeusch.
Hitchcock, A. S.
1950. Manual of the grasses of the United States, ed. 2.
Note:
lists as
Imperata cylindrica
(L.) P. Beauv.
Holm, L. et al.
1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds
Holttum, R. E. et al.
1953-1971. A revised flora of Malaya.
Note:
lists as
Imperata cylindrica
(L.) P. Beauv.
Huxley, A., ed.
1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry.
Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
URL:
http://www.hear.org/pier/index.html
Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS).
Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
URL:
http://www.anbg.gov.au/common.names/
Izquierdo Z., I. et al., eds.
2004. Lista de especies silvestres de Canarias: hongos, plantas y animales terrestres
URL:
http://www.gobcan.es/cmayot/interreg/atlantico/documentos/LESDCanarias.pdf
Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper.
1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
Note:
lists as
Imperata cylindrica
(L.) P. Beauv.
Koyama, T.
1987. Grasses of Japan and its neighboring regions
Note:
lists as
Imperata cylindrica
(L.) P. Beauv.
Lazarides, M.
1980. The tropical grasses of Southeast Asia
Note:
lists as
Imperata cylindrica
(L.) P. Beauv.
Mouterde, P.
1966-. Nouvelle flore du Liban et de la Syrie.
Note:
lists as
Imperata cylindrica
(L.) P. Beauv.
Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds.
1970-. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
Note:
lists as
Imperata cylindrica
(L.) Raeusch.
Padua, L. S. de et al., eds.
1999. Medicinal and poisonous plants 1. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 12(1):310.
URL:
http://proseanet.org
Personal Care Products Council.
INCI
URL:
http://www.personalcarecouncil.org/public/what-inci
Plant Protection and Quarantine Office.
United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Federal noxious weed list (on-line resource).
URL:
http://www.aphis.usda.gov/ppq/permits/noxiousweed_list.html
Porcher, M. H. et al.
Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
URL:
http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Frontpage.html
Price, S.
1957. Cytological studies in
Saccharum
and allied genera. III. Chromosome numbers in interspecific hybrids. Bot. Gaz. 118:146-159.
Rechinger, K. H., ed.
1963-. Flora iranica.
Note:
lists as
Imperata cylindrica
(L.) P. Beauv.
Rehm, S.
1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Seed Regulatory and Testing Division, Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S.D.A.
State noxious-weed seed requirements recognized in the administration of the Federal Seed Act (updated annually).
URL:
http://www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/getfile?dDocName=STELPRDC5090172
Shukla, U.
1996. Grasses of north-eastern India
Note:
lists as
Imperata cylindrica
(L.) P. Beauv.
Soerjani, M. et al., eds.
1987. Weeds of rice in Indonesia. 434.
Sreekumar, P. V. & V. J. Nair.
1991. Flora of Kerala - grasses.
Note:
lists as
Imperata cylindrica
(L.) Raeusch.
't Mannetje, L. & R. M. Jones, eds.
1992. Forages. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 4:140-142.
URL:
http://proseanet.org
Note:
lists as
Imperata cylindrica
(L.) Raeusch.
Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest.
1966-. Flora of Iraq.
Note:
lists as
Imperata cylindrica
(L.) P. Beauv.
Turrill, W. B. et al., eds.
1952-. Flora of tropical East Africa.
Note:
lists as
Imperata cylindrica
(L.) Raeusch.
Tutin, T. G. et al., eds.
1964-1980. Flora europaea.
Note:
lists as
Imperata cylindrica
(L.) Raeusch.
Tzvelev, N. N.
1976. Zlaki SSSR
Note:
lists as
Imperata cylindrica
(L.) P. Beauv.
USDA National Agricultural Library.
National Invasive Species Information Center (on-line resource).
URL:
http://www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/plants/cogongrass.shtml
Weber, E.
2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds
Wood, J. R. I.
1997. A handbook of the Yemen flora.
Note:
lists as
Imperata cylindrica
(L.) Raeusch.
Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds.
1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
URL:
http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=2
Note:
lists as
Imperata cylindrica
(L.) Raeusch.
Zon, A. P. M. van der.
1992. Graminées du Cameroun
Note:
lists as
Imperata cylindrica
(L.) Raeusch.
1961. Webster's third new international dictionary.
2018. Mid-Atlantic invasive plant species (on-line resource)
PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
URL:
http://www.prota4u.info/
Common names
English
alang-alang –
Reference(s)
blady grass –
Reference(s)
cogon –
Reference(s)
cogongrass –
Reference(s)
cotton-wool grass –
Reference(s)
imperata –
Reference(s)
Japanese blood grass –
Reference(s)
kunai grass –
Reference(s)
kura-kura –
Reference(s)
Arabic
halfa –
Reference(s)
shishmallah –
Reference(s)
French
impérate –
Reference(s)
Japanese Rōmaji
chi-gaya –
Reference(s)
fushige-chi-gaya –
Reference(s)
Malay
lalang –
Reference(s)
Portuguese (Brazil)
caminhadora –
Reference(s)
sapé –
Reference(s)
Swedish
bomullsgräs –
Reference(s)
Transcribed Chinese
bai mao –
Reference(s)
Distribution
Exportable format
order_code
Status
Continent
Subcontinent
Country
State
Note
1
Native
Africa
East Tropical Africa
Kenya
1
Native
Africa
East Tropical Africa
Tanzania
1
Native
Africa
East Tropical Africa
Uganda
1
Native
Africa
Macaronesia
Portugal
Madeira Islands
1
Native
Africa
Macaronesia
Spain
Canary Islands
1
Native
Africa
Northeast Tropical Africa
Chad
1
Native
Africa
Northeast Tropical Africa
Eritrea
1
Native
Africa
Northeast Tropical Africa
Ethiopia
1
Native
Africa
Northeast Tropical Africa
Sudan
1
Native
Africa
Northern Africa
Algeria
1
Native
Africa
Northern Africa
Egypt
1
Native
Africa
Northern Africa
Libya
1
Native
Africa
Northern Africa
Morocco
1
Native
Africa
Northern Africa
Tunisia
1
Native
Africa
South Tropical Africa
Angola
1
Native
Africa
South Tropical Africa
Malawi
1
Native
Africa
South Tropical Africa
Mozambique
1
Native
Africa
South Tropical Africa
Zambia
1
Native
Africa
South Tropical Africa
Zimbabwe
1
Native
Africa
Southern Africa
Botswana
1
Native
Africa
Southern Africa
Eswatini
1
Native
Africa
Southern Africa
Lesotho
1
Native
Africa
Southern Africa
Namibia
1
Native
Africa
Southern Africa
South Africa
Cape Province
1
Native
Africa
Southern Africa
South Africa
Free State
1
Native
Africa
Southern Africa
South Africa
KwaZulu-Natal
1
Native
Africa
Southern Africa
South Africa
Transvaal
1
Native
Africa
West Tropical Africa
Benin
1
Native
Africa
West Tropical Africa
Burkina Faso
1
Native
Africa
West Tropical Africa
Côte D'Ivoire
1
Native
Africa
West Tropical Africa
Gambia
1
Native
Africa
West Tropical Africa
Ghana
1
Native
Africa
West Tropical Africa
Guinea
1
Native
Africa
West Tropical Africa
Guinea-Bissau
1
Native
Africa
West Tropical Africa
Liberia
1
Native
Africa
West Tropical Africa
Mali
1
Native
Africa
West Tropical Africa
Niger
1
Native
Africa
West Tropical Africa
Nigeria
1
Native
Africa
West Tropical Africa
Senegal
1
Native
Africa
West Tropical Africa
Sierra Leone
1
Native
Africa
West Tropical Africa
Togo
1
Native
Africa
West-Central Tropical Africa
Burundi
1
Native
Africa
West-Central Tropical Africa
Cameroon
1
Native
Africa
West-Central Tropical Africa
Central African Republic
1
Native
Africa
West-Central Tropical Africa
Congo
1
Native
Africa
West-Central Tropical Africa
Democratic Republic of the Congo
1
Native
Africa
West-Central Tropical Africa
Gabon
1
Native
Africa
West-Central Tropical Africa
Rwanda
1
Native
Asia-Temperate
Arabian Peninsula
Oman
1
Native
Asia-Temperate
Arabian Peninsula
Saudi Arabia
1
Native
Asia-Temperate
Arabian Peninsula
Yemen
1
Native
Asia-Temperate
Caucasus
Armenia
1
Native
Asia-Temperate
Caucasus
Azerbaijan
1
Native
Asia-Temperate
Caucasus
Georgia
1
Native
Asia-Temperate
Caucasus
Russian Federation
Dagestan
1
Native
Asia-Temperate
China
China
1
Native
Asia-Temperate
Eastern Asia
Japan
Hokkaidô
1
Native
Asia-Temperate
Eastern Asia
Japan
Honshu
1
Native
Asia-Temperate
Eastern Asia
Japan
Kyushu
1
Native
Asia-Temperate
Eastern Asia
Japan
Ryukyu Islands
1
Native
Asia-Temperate
Eastern Asia
Japan
Shikoku
1
Native
Asia-Temperate
Eastern Asia
Korea
1
Native
Asia-Temperate
Middle Asia
Kazakhstan
1
Native
Asia-Temperate
Middle Asia
Kyrgyzstan
1
Native
Asia-Temperate
Middle Asia
Turkmenistan
1
Native
Asia-Temperate
Middle Asia
Uzbekistan
1
Native
Asia-Temperate
Western Asia
Afghanistan
1
Native
Asia-Temperate
Western Asia
Cyprus
1
Native
Asia-Temperate
Western Asia
Egypt
Sinai
1
Native
Asia-Temperate
Western Asia
Iran
1
Native
Asia-Temperate
Western Asia
Iraq
1
Native
Asia-Temperate
Western Asia
Israel
1
Native
Asia-Temperate
Western Asia
Jordan
1
Native
Asia-Temperate
Western Asia
Lebanon
1
Native
Asia-Temperate
Western Asia
Syria
1
Native
Asia-Temperate
Western Asia
Turkey
1
Native
Asia-Tropical
Indian Subcontinent
Bhutan
1
Native
Asia-Tropical
Indian Subcontinent
India
1
Native
Asia-Tropical
Indian Subcontinent
Nepal
1
Native
Asia-Tropical
Indian Subcontinent
Pakistan
1
Native
Asia-Tropical
Indian Subcontinent
Sri Lanka
1
Native
Asia-Tropical
Indo-China
Cambodia
1
Native
Asia-Tropical
Indo-China
Laos
1
Native
Asia-Tropical
Indo-China
Myanmar
1
Native
Asia-Tropical
Indo-China
Thailand
1
Native
Asia-Tropical
Indo-China
Vietnam
1
Native
Asia-Tropical
Malesia
Indonesia
1
Native
Asia-Tropical
Malesia
Malaysia
1
Native
Asia-Tropical
Malesia
Philippines
1
Native
Asia-Tropical
Papuasia
Papua New Guinea
1
Native
Australasia
Australia
Australia
New South Wales
1
Native
Australasia
Australia
Australia
Northern Territory
1
Native
Australasia
Australia
Australia
Queensland
1
Native
Australasia
Australia
Australia
South Australia
1
Native
Australasia
Australia
Australia
Tasmania
1
Native
Australasia
Australia
Australia
Victoria
1
Native
Australasia
Australia
Australia
Western Australia
n.e.
1
Native
Europe
Southeastern Europe
Albania
1
Native
Europe
Southeastern Europe
Bulgaria
1
Native
Europe
Southeastern Europe
Croatia
1
Native
Europe
Southeastern Europe
Greece
incl. Crete
1
Native
Europe
Southeastern Europe
Italy
incl. Sardinia, Sicily
1
Native
Europe
Southeastern Europe
Slovenia
1
Native
Europe
Southwestern Europe
France
s. & Corsica
1
Native
Europe
Southwestern Europe
Portugal
1
Native
Europe
Southwestern Europe
Spain
incl. Baleares
2
Cultivated
also cult.
4
Naturalized
Africa
Macaronesia
Cabo Verde
4
Naturalized
Africa
Western Indian Ocean
Madagascar
4
Naturalized
Africa
Western Indian Ocean
Seychelles
4
Naturalized
Asia-Tropical
Indo-China
Thailand
4
Naturalized
Asia-Tropical
Papuasia
Papua New Guinea
4
Naturalized
Australasia
Australia
Australia
4
Naturalized
Australasia
Australia
Australia
Lord Howe Island
4
Naturalized
Australasia
New Zealand
New Zealand
4
Naturalized
Northern America
United States
4
Naturalized
Pacific
North-Central Pacific
United States
Hawaii
4
Naturalized
Pacific
Northwestern Pacific
Micronesia
4
Naturalized
Pacific
Northwestern Pacific
Palau
4
Naturalized
Pacific
Northwestern Pacific
United States
Guam
4
Naturalized
Pacific
Northwestern Pacific
United States
Northern Mariana Islands
4
Naturalized
Pacific
Southwestern Pacific
United States
American Samoa
4
Naturalized
Pacific
Southwestern Pacific
Vanuatu
4
Naturalized
Southern America
South America
4
Naturalized
Southern America
Caribbean
West Indies
4
Naturalized
Southern America
Central America
Central America
4
Naturalized
Southern America
Southern South America
Chile
4
Naturalized
Southern America
Western South America
Colombia
Native
Africa
MACARONESIA:
Spain
[Canary Islands],
Portugal
[Madeira Islands]
NORTHERN AFRICA:
Algeria
,
Egypt
,
Libya
,
Morocco
,
Tunisia
NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA:
Eritrea
,
Ethiopia
,
Sudan
,
Chad
EAST TROPICAL AFRICA:
Kenya
,
Tanzania
,
Uganda
WEST-CENTRAL TROPICAL AFRICA:
Burundi
,
Central African Republic
,
Cameroon
,
Democratic Republic of the Congo
,
Congo
,
Gabon
,
Rwanda
WEST TROPICAL AFRICA:
Benin
,
Burkina Faso
,
Côte D'Ivoire
,
Ghana
,
Guinea
,
Gambia
,
Guinea-Bissau
,
Liberia
,
Mali
,
Niger
,
Nigeria
,
Senegal
,
Sierra Leone
,
Togo
SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA:
Angola
,
Mozambique
,
Malawi
,
Zambia
,
Zimbabwe
SOUTHERN AFRICA:
Botswana
,
Lesotho
,
Namibia
,
Eswatini
,
South Africa
[Cape Province, KwaZulu-Natal, Free State, Transvaal]
Asia-Temperate
ARABIAN PENINSULA:
Oman
,
Saudi Arabia
,
Yemen
WESTERN ASIA:
Afghanistan
,
Cyprus
,
Egypt
[Sinai],
Iran
,
Iraq
,
Israel
,
Jordan
,
Lebanon
,
Syria
,
Turkey
CAUCASUS:
Armenia
,
Azerbaijan
,
Georgia
,
Russian Federation
[Dagestan]
MIDDLE ASIA:
Kazakhstan
,
Kyrgyzstan
,
Turkmenistan
,
Uzbekistan
CHINA:
China
EASTERN ASIA:
Korea
,
Japan
[Hokkaidô, Honshu, Kyushu, Ryukyu Islands, Shikoku]
Asia-Tropical
INDIAN SUBCONTINENT:
Bhutan
,
India
,
Sri Lanka
,
Nepal
,
Pakistan
PAPUASIA:
Papua New Guinea
INDO-CHINA:
Cambodia
,
Laos
,
Myanmar
,
Thailand
,
Vietnam
MALESIA:
Indonesia
,
Malaysia
,
Philippines
Australasia
AUSTRALIA:
Australia
[Tasmania, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia (n.e.), Northern Territory]
Europe
SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE:
Albania
,
Bulgaria
,
Greece
(incl. Crete),
Croatia
,
Italy
(incl. Sardinia, Sicily),
Slovenia
SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE:
Spain
(incl. Baleares),
France
(s. & Corsica),
Portugal
Cultivated
(also cult.)
Naturalized
Africa
MACARONESIA:
Cabo Verde
WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN:
Madagascar
,
Seychelles
Asia-Tropical
PAPUASIA:
Papua New Guinea
INDO-CHINA:
Thailand
Australasia
AUSTRALIA:
Australia
[Lord Howe Island]
NEW ZEALAND:
New Zealand
Northern America
REGION:
United States
Pacific
NORTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC:
United States
[Hawaii]
NORTHWESTERN PACIFIC:
Micronesia
,
Palau
,
United States
[Guam, Northern Mariana Islands]
SOUTHWESTERN PACIFIC:
United States
[American Samoa],
Vanuatu
Southern America
CARIBBEAN:
West Indies
CENTRAL AMERICA:
Central America
WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA:
Colombia
SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA:
Chile
REGION:
South America
Economic Uses
Usage
Type
Note
Reference
Animal food
potential as forage
't Mannetje, L. & R. M. Jones, eds.
1992. Forages. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 4:140-142.
URL:
http://proseanet.org
Note:
lists as
Imperata cylindrica
(L.) Raeusch.
Environmental
erosion control
't Mannetje, L. & R. M. Jones, eds.
1992. Forages. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 4:140-142.
URL:
http://proseanet.org
Note:
lists as
Imperata cylindrica
(L.) Raeusch.
Environmental
ornamental
Huxley, A., ed.
1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
Medicines
folklore
Padua, L. S. de et al., eds.
1999. Medicinal and poisonous plants 1. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 12(1):310.
URL:
http://proseanet.org
Medicines
folklore
Imperata cylindrica
var.
major
McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker.
2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
Weed
potential seed contaminant
CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland.
Documenta CIBA-GEIGY (Grass weeds 1. 1980, 2. 1981; Monocot weeds 3. 1982; Dicot weeds 1. 1988)
Note:
four books on weeds worldwide in scope
Weed
potential seed contaminant
Weber, E.
2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds
Name
References