Taxon:
Liquidambar styraciflua L.
Summary
Place of publication:
Sp. pl. 2:999. 1753
Verified:
11/20/2007
ARS Systematic Botanists.
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Reference(s)
- Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource) www.skud.info
- Balick, M. J. et al. 2000. Checklist of the vascular plants of Belize, with common names and uses. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 85
- Bogle, L. 1996. pers. comm. Note: re. common names
- Correll, D. S. & M. C. Johnston. 1970. Manual of the vascular plants of Texas
- Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage
- Encke, F. et al. 1993. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 14. Auflage
- FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America. URL: http://floranorthamerica.org/
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource). URL: http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropListDetails?code=&relation=beginsWith&name=Liquidambar+styraciflua&quantity=1
- Gómez-Pompa, A. & V. Sosa, eds. 1978-. Flora de Veracruz. URL: http://www.ecologia.edu.mx/publicaciones/flover.htm Note: = Liquidambar macrophylla
- Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
- International Seed Testing Association. 1971. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 2. Trees.
- Kartesz, J. T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland.
- Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2 480.
- Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.
- Little, E. L., Jr. 1978. Important forest trees of the United States
- Little, E. L., Jr. 1979. Checklist of United States trees, Agric. Handb. 541
- Mabberley, D. J. 1997. The plant-book: a portable dictionary of the vascular plants, ed. 2
- McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
- Personal Care Products Council. INCI URL: http://www.personalcarecouncil.org/public/what-inci
- Rehder, A. 1949. Bibliography of cultivated trees and shrubs.
- Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark. 1946-1976. Flora of Guatemala.
- Uphof, J. C. T. 1968. Dictionary of economic plants, ed. 2.
- Wofford, B. E. Database of Tennessee vascular plants (on-line resource). URL: https://herbarium.utk.edu/vascular/vascular-database.php?CategoryID=Dicots&FamilyID=Altingiaceae&GenusID=Liquidambar&SpeciesID=styraciflua
- World Agroforestry Centre, ICRAF-SEA. AgroForestry Tree database (on-line resource). URL: http://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/sea/Products/AFDbases/af/index.asp
- 1961. Webster's third new international dictionary.
- 2018. Oklahoma vascular plant database URL: http://www.oklahomaplantdatabase.org/
Common names
English
alligator-wood – American-storax – red-gum – satin-walnut – sweet-gum – German
amerikanischer Amberbaum – Italian
liquidambra d'America – Swedish
ambraträd –
Distribution
order_code | Status | Continent | Subcontinent | Country | State | Note |
1 | Native | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | Illinois | s. |
1 | Native | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | Missouri | s.e. |
1 | Native | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | Oklahoma | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Connecticut | s.w. |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Indiana | s. |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | New Jersey | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | New York | s.e. |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Ohio | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Pennsylvania | s.e. |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | West Virginia | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northern Mexico | Mexico | San Luis Potosí | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northern Mexico | Mexico | Tamaulipas | |
1 | Native | Northern America | South-Central U.S.A. | United States | Texas | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Alabama | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Arkansas | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Delaware | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | District of Columbia | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Florida | http://www.plantatlas.usf.edu/main.asp?plantID=3559 |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Georgia | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Kentucky | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Louisiana | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Maryland | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Mississippi | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | North Carolina | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | South Carolina | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Tennessee | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Virginia | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southern Mexico | Mexico | Chiapas | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southern Mexico | Mexico | Oaxaca | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southern Mexico | Mexico | Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Central America | Belize | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Central America | El Salvador | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Central America | Guatemala | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Central America | Honduras | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Central America | Nicaragua | | |
2 | Cultivated | | | | | also cult. |
Native
Northern America
-
NORTHEASTERN U.S.A.:
United States [Connecticut (s.w.), Indiana (s.), New Jersey, New York (s.e.), Ohio, Pennsylvania (s.e.), West Virginia]
-
NORTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.:
United States [Illinois (s.), Missouri (s.e.), Oklahoma]
-
SOUTHEASTERN U.S.A.:
United States [Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida (http://www.plantatlas.usf.edu/main.asp?plantID=3559), Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, District of Columbia]
-
SOUTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.:
United States [Texas]
-
NORTHERN MEXICO:
Mexico [San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas]
-
SOUTHERN MEXICO:
Mexico [Chiapas, Oaxaca, Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave]
Southern America
-
CENTRAL AMERICA:
Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, El Salvador
Cultivated
(also cult.)
Economic Uses
Usage | Type | Note | Reference |
Environmental | ornamental | | Encke, F. et al. 1993. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 14. Auflage |
Environmental | shade/shelter | | Little, E. L., Jr. 1978. Important forest trees of the United States |
Food additives | flavor fixative | | Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2 480. |
Materials | essential oils | | Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2 480. |
Materials | gum/resin | | Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2 480. |
Materials | wood | timber, plywood, veneer | Little, E. L., Jr. 1978. Important forest trees of the United States |
Medicines | folklore | fide Pl Book; L. Bogle, pers. comm. 1996; Herbs Commerce ed2 | McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland. |