Lolium multiflorum Lam. GRIN-Global

Taxon: Lolium multiflorum Lam.

Summary

Genus:

Lolium

Family:

Poaceae (alt. Gramineae)

Subfamily:

Pooideae

Tribe:

Poeae

Subtribe:

Loliinae

Nomen number:

22493

Place of publication:

Fl. franç. 3:621. 1779 ("1778")

Protologue link:

https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10168271

Verified:

05/08/1992 ARS Systematic Botanists.

Accessions:

30 (30 active, 26 available) in National Plant Germplasm System. (Map it)

Other conspecific taxa

Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations

Autonym(s)

Lolium multiflorum Lam. var. multiflorum

Homotypic Synonym(s)

Lolium perenne L. subsp. multiflorum (Lam.) Husn., nom. inval.

Heterotypic Synonym(s)

Lolium gaudinii Parl., nom. inval.
Lolium italicum A. Braun, nom. inval.
Lolium multiflorum Lam. var. westerwoldicum Wittm.

No images

Reference(s)

Afonin, A. N., S. L. Greene, N. I. Dzyubenko, & A. N. Frolov, eds. Interactive agricultural ecological atlas of Russia and neighboring countries. Economic plants and their diseases, pests and weeds (on-line resource). URL: http://www.agroatlas.ru/en/content/related/Lolium_multiflorum/
Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource) www.skud.info
Ali, S. I. & S. M. H. Jafri, eds. 1976-. Flora of Libya.
Barkworth, M. E. et al. 2007. Manual of grasses for North America Intermountain Herbarium, Logan, Utah. 519. Note: map
Bor, N. L. 1960. The grasses of Burma, Ceylon, India, and Pakistan.
Boulos, L. 1995. Flora of Egypt checklist.
CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland. Documenta CIBA-GEIGY (Grass weeds 1. 1980, 2. 1981; Monocot weeds 3. 1982; Dicot weeds 1. 1988) Note: four books on weeds worldwide in scope
Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson. 1984. Poisonous plants in Britain and their effects on animals and man Note: poisonous
Darbyshire, S. J. 2003. Inventory of Canadian Agricultural Weeds Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 30.
Davis, P. H., ed. 1965-1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). URL: http://www.emplantbase.org/home.html
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource). URL: http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropListDetails?code=&relation=beginsWith&name=Lolium+multiflorum&quantity=1
Henderson, L. 2001. Alien weeds and invasive plants: a complete guide to declared weeds and invaders in South Africa. Plant Protection Research Institute, Handbook 12
Holm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds
Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource). URL: http://www.anbg.gov.au/common.names/
International Seed Testing Association. 1982. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 1. Field crops, grasses and vegetables, ed. 2.
Izquierdo Z., I. et al., eds. 2004. Lista de especies silvestres de Canarias: hongos, plantas y animales terrestres URL: http://www.gobcan.es/cmayot/interreg/atlantico/documentos/LESDCanarias.pdf
Kellerman, T. S. et al. 1988. Plant poisonings and mycotoxicoses of livestock in Southern Africa Note: poisonous
Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970-. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
Oliveira, J. A. et al. 1997. Genetic diversity of westerwold ryegrass landraces collected in northwest Spain. Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 44:479-487. URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/10722
Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource). URL: http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Frontpage.html
Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963-. Flora iranica.
Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Silva, L. et al. 2005. Listagem da fauna e flora terrestres dos Açores. Lista des plantas vasculares (Pteridophyta e Spermatophyta). URL: http://www.azores.gov.pt/NR/rdonlyres/3E255F0D-6AFD-4EF8-974D-CF920B5F933E/126780/42_Pteridophyta_Spermatophyta1.pdf
Terrell, E. E. 1968. A taxonomic revision of the genus Lolium. Techn. Bull. U.S.D.A. 1392:10.
Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1968. Flora of Iraq. 9:93.
Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR
University of California Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program. UC SAREP on-line cover crop database (on-line resource). URL: http://www.sarep.ucdavis.edu/ccrop/
Vibrans, H., ed. Malezas de México (on-line resource). URL: http://www.conabio.gob.mx/malezasdemexico/poaceae/lolium-multiflorum/fichas/pagina1.htm
Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition). URL: http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=2
Zohary, M. & N. Feinbrun-Dothan. 1966-. Flora palaestina.

Common names

English
annual ryegrass –
Italian ryegrass –
lovitto ryegrass –
Westerwold ryegrass –
Westerwolds ryegrass –
Afrikaans
Italiaanse raaigras –
English (Canada)
Italian rye grass –
French
ivraie multiflore –
ray-grass d'Italie –
French (Canada)
ivraie multiflore –
German
italienisches Raygras –
welsches Weidelgras –
westerwoldisches Weidelgras –
Italian
loglio italico –
Portuguese
azevém –
Spanish
ballico italiano –
raygrás italiano –
Swedish
italienskt rajgräs –
Transcribed Chinese
duo hua hei mai cao –

Distribution

order_code	Status	Continent	Subcontinent	Country	State	Note
1	Native	Africa	Macaronesia	Portugal	Madeira Islands
1	Native	Africa	Macaronesia	Spain	Canary Islands
1	Native	Africa	Northern Africa	Algeria
1	Native	Africa	Northern Africa	Egypt
1	Native	Africa	Northern Africa	Libya
1	Native	Africa	Northern Africa	Morocco
1	Native	Africa	Northern Africa	Tunisia
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Armenia
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Azerbaijan
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Afghanistan
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Egypt	Sinai
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Iran
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Iraq
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Israel
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Jordan
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Lebanon
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Syria
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Turkey
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Pakistan
1	Native	Europe	Eastern Europe	Belarus
1	Native	Europe	Eastern Europe	Ukraine
1	Native	Europe	Middle Europe	Hungary
1	Native	Europe	Middle Europe	Slovakia
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Albania
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Bulgaria
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Croatia
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Greece		incl. Crete
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Italy		incl. Sardinia, Sicily
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Romania
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Serbia
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Slovenia
1	Native	Europe	Southwestern Europe	France		incl. Corsica
1	Native	Europe	Southwestern Europe	Portugal
1	Native	Europe	Southwestern Europe	Spain		incl. Baleares
2	Cultivated					also cult.
4	Naturalized					widely natzd. in temperate regions
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Eastern Canada	Canada	New Brunswick
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Eastern Canada	Canada	Newfoundland and Labrador
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Eastern Canada	Canada	Ontario
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Eastern Canada	Canada	Prince Edward Island
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Eastern Canada	Canada	Québec
4	Naturalized	Northern America	North-Central U.S.A.	United States	Illinois
4	Naturalized	Northern America	North-Central U.S.A.	United States	Iowa
4	Naturalized	Northern America	North-Central U.S.A.	United States	Kansas
4	Naturalized	Northern America	North-Central U.S.A.	United States	Missouri
4	Naturalized	Northern America	North-Central U.S.A.	United States	Nebraska
4	Naturalized	Northern America	North-Central U.S.A.	United States	North Dakota
4	Naturalized	Northern America	North-Central U.S.A.	United States	Oklahoma
4	Naturalized	Northern America	North-Central U.S.A.	United States	Wisconsin
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	Connecticut
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	Indiana
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	Maine
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	Massachusetts
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	Michigan
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	New Hampshire
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	New Jersey
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	New York
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	Ohio
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	Pennsylvania
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	Rhode Island
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	Vermont
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Northeastern U.S.A.	United States	West Virginia
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Northwestern U.S.A.	United States	Colorado
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Northwestern U.S.A.	United States	Idaho
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Northwestern U.S.A.	United States	Montana
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Northwestern U.S.A.	United States	Oregon
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Northwestern U.S.A.	United States	Washington
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Northwestern U.S.A.	United States	Wyoming
4	Naturalized	Northern America	South-Central U.S.A.	United States	New Mexico
4	Naturalized	Northern America	South-Central U.S.A.	United States	Texas
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Alabama
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Arkansas
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Delaware
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	District of Columbia
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Georgia
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Kentucky
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Louisiana
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Maryland
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Mississippi
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	North Carolina
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	South Carolina
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Tennessee
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Virginia
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Southwestern U.S.A.	United States	Arizona
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Southwestern U.S.A.	United States	California
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Southwestern U.S.A.	United States	Nevada
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Southwestern U.S.A.	United States	Utah
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Subarctic America	Canada	Northwest Territories
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Subarctic America	Canada	Yukon
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Subarctic America	United States	Alaska
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Western Canada	Canada	Alberta
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Western Canada	Canada	British Columbia
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Western Canada	Canada	Manitoba
4	Naturalized	Northern America	Western Canada	Canada	Saskatchewan
6	Other					exact native range obscure

Native
Africa

MACARONESIA: Spain [Canary Islands], Portugal [Madeira Islands]
NORTHERN AFRICA: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia

Asia-Temperate

WESTERN ASIA: Afghanistan, Egypt [Sinai], Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey
CAUCASUS: Armenia, Azerbaijan

Asia-Tropical

INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: Pakistan

Europe

MIDDLE EUROPE: Hungary, Slovakia
EASTERN EUROPE: Belarus, Ukraine
SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Albania, Bulgaria, Greece (incl. Crete), Croatia, Italy (incl. Sardinia, Sicily), Romania, Serbia, Slovenia
SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Spain (incl. Baleares), France (incl. Corsica), Portugal

Cultivated (also cult.)
Naturalized

REGION:

Northern America

SUBARCTIC AMERICA: Canada [Northwest Territories, Yukon], United States [Alaska]
EASTERN CANADA: Canada [Québec, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador]
WESTERN CANADA: Canada [Saskatchewan, Alberta, Manitoba, British Columbia]
NORTHEASTERN U.S.A.: United States [Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia]
NORTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.: United States [Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Wisconsin]
NORTHWESTERN U.S.A.: United States [Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming]
SOUTHEASTERN U.S.A.: United States [Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, District of Columbia]
SOUTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.: United States [New Mexico, Texas]
SOUTHWESTERN U.S.A.: United States [Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah]

Other (exact native range obscure)

Economic Uses

Usage	Type	Note	Reference
Animal food	fodder		Davis, P. H., ed. 1965-1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
Animal food	fodder		Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1968. Flora of Iraq. 9:93.
Animal food	forage		Davis, P. H., ed. 1965-1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
Animal food	forage		Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1968. Flora of Iraq. 9:93.
Environmental	erosion control		Alderson, J. & W. C. Sharp. 1995. Grass varieties in the United States, U.S.D.A. Agric. Handb. 170, rev. ed. CRC Press. Note: Revised version of AH 170
Environmental	lawn/turf		Alderson, J. & W. C. Sharp. 1995. Grass varieties in the United States, U.S.D.A. Agric. Handb. 170, rev. ed. CRC Press. Note: Revised version of AH 170
Environmental	revegetator		Alderson, J. & W. C. Sharp. 1995. Grass varieties in the United States, U.S.D.A. Agric. Handb. 170, rev. ed. CRC Press. Note: Revised version of AH 170
Environmental	soil improver	as cover crop	University of California Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program. UC SAREP on-line cover crop database (on-line resource). URL: http://www.sarep.ucdavis.edu/ccrop/
Vertebrate poisons	mammals		Kellerman, T. S. et al. 1988. Plant poisonings and mycotoxicoses of livestock in Southern Africa Note: poisonous
Vertebrate poisons	mammals		Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson. 1984. Poisonous plants in Britain and their effects on animals and man Note: poisonous
Weed	potential seed contaminant		CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland. Documenta CIBA-GEIGY (Grass weeds 1. 1980, 2. 1981; Monocot weeds 3. 1982; Dicot weeds 1. 1988) Note: four books on weeds worldwide in scope