Taxon:
Malus toringo (Siebold) de Vriese
Summary
Place of publication:
Tuinb.-fl. 3:368. 1856
Comment:
de Vriese's citation of "Malus (Sorbus) toringo Sieb." is an indirect reference to the basionym Sorbus toringo Siebold (Shenzhen ICN 41.3) and not an ascription of this name to Siebold (Shenzhen ICN 46.3, see Ex. 18)
Verified:
06/30/2011
ARS Systematic Botanists.
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Reference(s)
- Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource) www.skud.info
- Bisognin, C. et al. 2009. Use of SSR markers to assess sexual vs. apomitic origin and ploidy level of breeding progeny derived from crosses of apple proliferation-resistant Malus sieboldii and its hybrids with Malus × domestica cultivars. Pl. Breed. (New York) 128:507-513.
- Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959-. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae. Note: lists as Malus toringo Siebold (= M. sieboldii (Regel) Rehder)
- Czerepanov, S. K. 1995. Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (the former USSR) Cambridge University Press. Note: lists as Malus toringo Siebold
- Erhardt, W. et al. 2002. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 17. Auflage
- Erhardt, W. et al. 2008. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen Note: lists as Malus toringo (Siebold) K. Koch
- Forte, A. V. et al. 2002. Phylogeny of the Malus (apple tree) species, inferred from the morphological traits and molecular DNA analysis. Russian J. Genet. 38:1357-1369. Note: as Malus sieboldii
- Iwatsuki, K. et al. 1993-. Flora of Japan.
- Likhonos, F. D. 1974. A survey of the species in the genus Malus Mill. Trudy Prikl. Bot. 52(3):32.
- Ohwi, J. 1965. Flora of Japan (Engl. ed.). Note: = Malus sieboldii
- Pereira-Lorenzo, S. et al. 2009. Breeding apple (Malus × domestica Borkh). Breeding plantation tree crops: temperate species 33-81. Note: = Malus sieboldii (Regel) Rehd.
- Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource). URL: http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Frontpage.html
- Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants Note: = Malus sieboldii
- Robinson, J. P. et al. 2001. Taxonomy of the genus Malus Mill. (Rosaceae) with emphasis on the cultivated apple, Malus domestica Borkh. Pl. Syst. Evol. 226:35-58. URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/606
- Seemüller, E. et al. 2008. Apple proliferation resistance of Malus sieboldii-based rootstocks in comparison to rootstocks derived from other Malus species. Eur. J. Pl. Pathol. 121:109-119.
- Walters, S. M. et al., eds. 1986-2000. European garden flora. Note: lists as Malus toringo Nakai (= M. sieboldii (Regel) Rehder)
- Way, R. D. et al. 1991. Apple (Malus). Acta Hort. 290:3-46. Note: lists as Malus sieboldii
- Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition). URL: http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=2 Note: lists as Malus toringo (Siebold) Carrière (= M. sieboldii (Regel) Rehder)
- Zhou, Z.-Q. 1999. The apple genetic resources in China: the wild species and their distributions, informative characteristics and utilisation. Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 46:601. URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/10722
Common names
English
toringa crab apple – toringo crab – German
Siebolds Apfel – Toringo-Apfel – Japanese Rōmaji
ko-nashi – ko-ringo – mitsuba-kaidō – zumi – Swedish
rönnbärsapel – Transcribed Chinese
san ye hai tang – Transcribed Korean
ageubaenamu –
Distribution
order_code | Status | Continent | Subcontinent | Country | State | Note |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | China | China | Fujian Sheng | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | China | China | Gansu Sheng | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | China | China | Guangdong Sheng | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | China | China | Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | China | China | Guizhou Sheng | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | China | China | Henan Sheng | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | China | China | Hubei Sheng | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | China | China | Hunan Sheng | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | China | China | Jiangxi Sheng | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | China | China | Liaoning Sheng | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | China | China | Shaanxi Sheng | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | China | China | Shandong Sheng | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | China | China | Sichuan Sheng | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | China | China | Yunnan Sheng | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | China | China | Zhejiang Sheng | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Eastern Asia | Japan | Hokkaidô | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Eastern Asia | Japan | Honshu | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Eastern Asia | Japan | Kyushu | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Eastern Asia | Japan | Shikoku | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Eastern Asia | Korea | | |
2 | Cultivated | | | | | also cult. |
Native
Asia-Temperate
-
CHINA:
China [Zhejiang Sheng, Fujian Sheng, Henan Sheng, Hunan Sheng, Hubei Sheng, Gansu Sheng, Jiangxi Sheng, Guangdong Sheng, Guizhou Sheng, Liaoning Sheng, Shandong Sheng, Shaanxi Sheng, Sichuan Sheng, Yunnan Sheng, Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu]
-
EASTERN ASIA:
Korea, Japan [Hokkaidô, Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku]
Cultivated
(also cult.)
Economic Uses
Usage | Type | Note | Reference |
Environmental | ornamental | as Malus sieboldii | Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening |