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Taxon:  Manihot esculenta Crantz subsp. esculenta



Summary
Genus:
Manihot
Family:
Euphorbiaceae
Subfamily:
Crotonoideae
Tribe:
Manihoteae
Nomen number:
23373
Verified:
03/05/2003 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
0 (0  active, 0  available) in National Plant Germplasm System. 
Other conspecific taxa
Manihot esculenta Crantz (0 active accession[s])
Manihot esculenta Crantz subsp. flabellifolia (Pohl) Cif. (0 active accession[s])
Manihot esculenta Crantz subsp. peruviana (Müll. Arg.) Allem (0 active accession[s])
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Jatropha dulcis J. F. Gmel.
Jatropha manihot L.
Manihot aipi Pohl
Manihot dulcis (J. F. Gmel.) Pax
Manihot dulcis (J. F. Gmel.) Pax var. dulcis
Manihot manihot (L.) Cockerell, nom. inval.
Manihot utilissima Pohl
No images


Reference(s)
  1. Allem, A. C. 1994. The origin of Manihot esculenta Crantz (Euphorbiaceae). Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 41:133-150. URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/10722
  2. Allem, A. C. 2002. The origins and taxonomy of cassava. Cassava: biology, production and utilization 1-16.
  3. Bradbury, E. J. et al. 2013. Geographic differences in patterns of genetic differentiation among bitter and sweet manioc (Manihot esculenta subsp. esculenta; Euphorbiaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 100:857-866. URL: http://www.amjbot.org
  4. Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
  5. Duputié, A. et al. 2007. Natural hybridization between a clonally propagated crop, cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and a wild relative in French Guiana. Molec. Ecol. 16:3025-3038.
  6. Duputié, A. et al. 2011. Evolutionary biogeography of Manihot (Euphorbiaceae), a rapidly radiating Neotropical genus restricted to dry environments. J. Biogeogr. 38:1033-1043.
  7. El Bassam, N. 1998. Energy plant species. 18-42.
  8. Erhardt, W. et al. 2008. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen
  9. Facciola, S. 1990. Cornucopia, a source book of edible plants Kampong Publications.
  10. Flach, M. & F. Rumawas, eds. 1996. Plants yielding non-seed carbohydrates. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 9:107-113. URL: http://proseanet.org
  11. Govaerts, R. et al. 2000. World checklist and bibliography of Euphorbiaceae URL: http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/home.do
  12. Kellerman, T. S. et al. 1988. Plant poisonings and mycotoxicoses of livestock in Southern Africa Note: poisonous
  13. Kingsbury, J. M. 1964. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada. Note: poisonous
  14. Lampe, K. F. & M. A. McCann. 1985. AMA handbook of poisonous and injurious plants Note: poisonous
  15. Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.
  16. Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
  17. McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
  18. Olsen, K. M. & B. A. Schaal. 2001. Microsatellite variation in cassava (Manihot esculenta, Euphorbiaceae) and its wild relatives: further evidence for a southern Amazonian origin of domestication. Amer. J. Bot. 88:131-142. URL: http://www.amjbot.org
  19. Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource). URL: http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Frontpage.html
  20. Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
  21. Rogers, D. J. & S. G. Appan. 1973. Manihot, Manihotoides (Euphorbiaceae). Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 13:25. URL: http://www.nybg.org/botany/ofn/
  22. Westphal, E. & P. C. M. Jansen, eds. 1989. A selection. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) A:175. URL: http://proseanet.org
Common names
English
Brazilian arrowroot –
cassava –
manioc –
tapioca –
tapioca-plant –
German
Kassave –
Maniok –
Portuguese
mandioca –
Spanish
yuca –
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNote
2Cultivated    cult. in tropics
6Other    probable origin Brazil
Cultivated (cult. in tropics)
Other (probable origin Brazil)
Economic Uses
UsageTypeNoteReference
Animal foodfodder Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
Food additivesflavoringin China for production of monosodium glutamateFlach, M. & F. Rumawas, eds. 1996. Plants yielding non-seed carbohydrates. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 9:107-113. URL: http://proseanet.org
Fuelspetroleum substitute/alcohol El Bassam, N. 1998. Energy plant species. 18-42.
Human foodstarchsource of tapiocaMarkle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
Human foodvegetablesource of tapiocaMarkle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
Medicinesfolklore Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
Medicinesfolklore McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
Vertebrate poisonsmammals Kingsbury, J. M. 1964. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada. Note: poisonous
Vertebrate poisonsmammals Kellerman, T. S. et al. 1988. Plant poisonings and mycotoxicoses of livestock in Southern Africa Note: poisonous
Vertebrate poisonsmammals Lampe, K. F. & M. A. McCann. 1985. AMA handbook of poisonous and injurious plants Note: poisonous


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The International Livestock research Institute (ILRI) maintains a collection of forage germplasm as a global public good. The material was acquired prior to the entry into force of the Convention on Biological Diversity; or if it was acquired after the entering into force of the Convention on Biological Diversity, it was obtained with the understanding that it was held in trust and could be made available for any agricultural research, breeding and training purposes under the terms and conditions set out in the agreement between the ILRI and FAO dated 26 October 1994. On 16 October 2006, ILRI signed an agreement with the Governing Body of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (the Treaty) placing these in trust collections of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (PGRFA) within the purview of the Treaty.

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