Taxon:
Allium schoenoprasum L.
Summary
Place of publication:
Sp. pl. 1:301. 1753
Verified:
06/02/2009
ARS Systematic Botanists.
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Reference(s)
- Afonin, A. N., S. L. Greene, N. I. Dzyubenko, & A. N. Frolov, eds. Interactive agricultural ecological atlas of Russia and neighboring countries. Economic plants and their diseases, pests and weeds (on-line resource). URL: http://www.agroatlas.ru/en/content/related/Allium_schoenoprasum/
- Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource) www.skud.info
- Batra, L. R. 1995. Names of Japanese plants sorted by their Japanese names in Romanized Katakana and scientific nomenclature
- Brewster, J. L. 1994. Onions and other vegetable alliums. Crop Prod. Sci. Hort. 3:14.
- Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959-. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae.
- Craker, L. E. & J. E. Simon, eds. 1986-1987. Herbs, spices, and medicinal plants, 2 vols.
- Davis, P. H., ed. 1965-1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
- Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
- Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage
- FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America. URL: http://floranorthamerica.org/
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource). URL: http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropListDetails?code=&relation=beginsWith&name=Allium+schoenoprasum&quantity=1
- Friesen, N. & F. R. Blattner. 2000. RAPD analysis reveals geographic differentiations within Allium schoenoprasum L. (Alliaceae). Pl. Biol. 2:297-305.
- Friesen, N. 1996. A taxonomic and chorological revision of the genus Allium L. sect. Schoenoprason Dumort. Candollea 51:467.
- Havey, M. J. 1991. Phylogenetic relationships among cultivated Allium species from restriction enzyme analysis of the chloroplast genome. Theor. Appl. Genet. 81:752-757. URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/122
- Hitchcock, C. L. et al. 1955-1969. Vascular plants of the Pacific Northwest.
- Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource). URL: http://www.anbg.gov.au/common.names/
- International Seed Testing Association. 1982. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 1. Field crops, grasses and vegetables, ed. 2.
- Kik, C. 2002. Chapter 4. Exploitation of wild relatives for the breeding of cultivated Allium species. Allium crop science: recent advances CABI Publications. 81-100.
- Kingsbury, J. M. 1964. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada. Note: poisonous
- Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
- Lampe, K. F. & M. A. McCann. 1985. AMA handbook of poisonous and injurious plants Note: poisonous
- Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. 1993. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia
- Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.
- Mansfeld, R. 1959. Die Kulturpflanze, Beiheft 2.
- Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
- McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
- Munro, D. B. Canadian poisonous plants information system (on-line resource). URL: http://www.cbif.gc.ca/pls/pp/poison?p_x=px
- Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970-. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
- Ohwi, J. 1965. Flora of Japan (Engl. ed.).
- Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource). URL: http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Frontpage.html
- Raamsdonk, L. W. D. van et al. 2000. Phylogeny reconstruction and hybrid analysis in Allium subgenus Rhizirideum. Theor. Appl. Genet. 100:1000-1009. URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/122
- Raamsdonk, L. W. D. van et al. 2003. Biodiversity assessment based in cpDNA and crossability analysis in selected species of Allium subgenus Rhizirideum. Theor. Appl. Genet. 107:1048-1058. URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/122
- Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963-. Flora iranica.
- Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
- Sancir, C. 1992. A revision of the genus Allium L. in the flora of Mongolian People's Republic. The genus Allium - taxonomic problems and genetic resources. Proceedings of an international symposium held at Gatersleben, Germany, June 11-13, 1991 289-296. Note: recognized in the subg. Rhizirideum sect. Schoenoprasum
- Scoggan, H. J. 1978-1979. The flora of Canada, 4 vol.
- Seymour, F. 1969. The flora of New England.
- Stearn, W. T. 1944. Notes on the genus Allium in the Old World. Herbertia 11:11-34.
- Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
- Voss, E. 1972-. Michigan flora.
- Weakley, A. S. 2011. Flora of the southern and middle Atlantic states. URL: http://www.herbarium.unc.edu/flora.htm
- Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition). URL: http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=2
Common names
English
chives – giant garlic – French
ciboulette – civette – German
Schnittlauch – Italian
cipollina – erba cipollina – Japanese Rōmaji
asatsuki – ezo-negi – Portuguese
cebolinha-francesa – Spanish
cebolleta – cebollino común – Swedish
gräslök – Transcribed Chinese
bei cong –
Distribution
order_code | Status | Continent | Subcontinent | Country | State | Note |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Caucasus | Armenia | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Caucasus | Azerbaijan | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Caucasus | Georgia | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Caucasus | Russian Federation | Dagestan | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Caucasus | Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia | Ciscaucasia | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | China | China | Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Eastern Asia | Japan | Hokkaidô | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Eastern Asia | Japan | Honshu | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Middle Asia | Kazakhstan | | e. |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Middle Asia | Kyrgyzstan | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Mongolia | Mongolia | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Russian Far East | Russian Federation | Kamchatka | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Russian Far East | Russian Federation | Khabarovsk | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Russian Far East | Russian Federation | Primorye | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Siberia | Russian Federation | Altay | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Siberia | Russian Federation | Buryatia | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Siberia | Russian Federation | Chita | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Siberia | Russian Federation | Gorno-Altay | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Siberia | Russian Federation | Irkutsk | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Siberia | Russian Federation | Kemerovo | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Siberia | Russian Federation | Krasnoyarsk | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Siberia | Russian Federation | Novosibirsk | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Siberia | Russian Federation | Taymyr | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Siberia | Russian Federation | Tomsk | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Siberia | Russian Federation | Tuva | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Siberia | Russian Federation | Tyumen | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Siberia | Russian Federation | Yakutia-Sakha | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Siberia | Russian Federation | Yamal Nenets | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Iran | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Iraq | | n. |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Turkey | | e. |
1 | Native | Asia-Tropical | Indian Subcontinent | Pakistan | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Eastern Europe | Russian Federation | Nenets | |
1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Austria | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Czechoslovakia | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Germany | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Netherlands | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Poland | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Switzerland | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Northern Europe | Denmark | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Northern Europe | Finland | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Northern Europe | Norway | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Northern Europe | Sweden | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Northern Europe | United Kingdom | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Bulgaria | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Greece | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Italy | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Romania | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Southwestern Europe | France | | incl. Corsica |
1 | Native | Europe | Southwestern Europe | Portugal | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Southwestern Europe | Spain | | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Eastern Canada | Canada | New Brunswick | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Eastern Canada | Canada | Newfoundland and Labrador | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Eastern Canada | Canada | Nova Scotia | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Eastern Canada | Canada | Ontario | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Eastern Canada | Canada | Prince Edward Island | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Eastern Canada | Canada | Québec | |
1 | Native | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | Minnesota | |
1 | Native | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | Wisconsin | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Connecticut | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Maine | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Massachusetts | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Michigan | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | New Hampshire | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | New Jersey | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | New York | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Ohio | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Pennsylvania | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Rhode Island | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Vermont | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | West Virginia | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northwestern U.S.A. | United States | Colorado | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northwestern U.S.A. | United States | Idaho | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northwestern U.S.A. | United States | Montana | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northwestern U.S.A. | United States | Oregon | n. |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northwestern U.S.A. | United States | Washington | e. |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northwestern U.S.A. | United States | Wyoming | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Maryland | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Subarctic America | Canada | Northwest Territories | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Subarctic America | Canada | Yukon | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Subarctic America | United States | Alaska | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Western Canada | Canada | Alberta | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Western Canada | Canada | British Columbia | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Western Canada | Canada | Manitoba | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Western Canada | Canada | Nunavut | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Western Canada | Canada | Saskatchewan | |
2 | Cultivated | | | | | also cult. |
Native
Asia-Temperate
-
WESTERN ASIA:
Iran, Iraq (n.), Turkey (e.)
-
CAUCASUS:
Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia [Ciscaucasia], Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russian Federation [Dagestan]
-
SIBERIA:
Russian Federation [Buryatia, Gorno-Altay, Tuva, Yakutia-Sakha, Altay, Krasnoyarsk, Taymyr, Chita, Irkutsk, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk, Tomsk, Tyumen, Yamal Nenets]
-
MIDDLE ASIA:
Kazakhstan (e.), Kyrgyzstan
-
MONGOLIA:
Mongolia
-
RUSSIAN FAR EAST:
Russian Federation [Khabarovsk, Primorye, Kamchatka]
-
CHINA:
China [Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu]
-
EASTERN ASIA:
Japan [Hokkaidô, Honshu]
Asia-Tropical
-
INDIAN SUBCONTINENT:
Pakistan
Europe
-
NORTHERN EUROPE:
Denmark, Finland, United Kingdom, Norway, Sweden
-
MIDDLE EUROPE:
Czechoslovakia, Austria, Switzerland, Germany, Netherlands, Poland
-
EASTERN EUROPE:
Russian Federation [Nenets]
-
SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE:
Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Romania
-
SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE:
Spain, France (incl. Corsica), Portugal
Northern America
-
SUBARCTIC AMERICA:
Canada [Northwest Territories, Yukon], United States [Alaska]
-
EASTERN CANADA:
Canada [Québec, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador]
-
WESTERN CANADA:
Canada [Saskatchewan, Alberta, Manitoba, British Columbia, Nunavut]
-
NORTHEASTERN U.S.A.:
United States [Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia]
-
NORTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.:
United States [Minnesota, Wisconsin]
-
NORTHWESTERN U.S.A.:
United States [Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon (n.), Washington (e.), Wyoming]
-
SOUTHEASTERN U.S.A.:
United States [Maryland]
Cultivated
(also cult.)
Economic Uses
Usage | Type | Note | Reference |
Food additives | flavoring | leaves as herb, spice | Brewster, J. L. 1994. Onions and other vegetable alliums. Crop Prod. Sci. Hort. 3:14. |
Medicines | folklore | | Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs |
Medicines | folklore | | McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland. |
Vertebrate poisons | mammals | | Kingsbury, J. M. 1964. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada. Note: poisonous |
Vertebrate poisons | mammals | | Lampe, K. F. & M. A. McCann. 1985. AMA handbook of poisonous and injurious plants Note: poisonous |