Environmental | hemiparasite host | as substrate to grow mushrooms | Guzman, C. C. de & J. S. Siemonsma, eds. 1999. Spices. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 13:143-148. URL: http://proseanet.org |
Food additives | flavoring | as source of both nutmeg from dried seeds and mace from dried arils | Guzman, C. C. de & J. S. Siemonsma, eds. 1999. Spices. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 13:143-148. URL: http://proseanet.org |
Human food | fruit | | Facciola, S. 1990. Cornucopia, a source book of edible plants Kampong Publications. |
Materials | essential oils | | Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2 |
Materials | gum/resin | | Guzman, C. C. de & J. S. Siemonsma, eds. 1999. Spices. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 13:143-148. URL: http://proseanet.org |
Materials | lipids | | Guzman, C. C. de & J. S. Siemonsma, eds. 1999. Spices. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 13:143-148. URL: http://proseanet.org |
Medicines | folklore | | Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs |
Medicines | folklore | | McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland. |
Medicines | folklore | | Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2 |
Social | hallucinogen | but over-consumption can be deadly | Guzman, C. C. de & J. S. Siemonsma, eds. 1999. Spices. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 13:143-148. URL: http://proseanet.org |
Vertebrate poisons | mammals | | Guzman, C. C. de & J. S. Siemonsma, eds. 1999. Spices. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 13:143-148. URL: http://proseanet.org |