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ILRI Forage Genebank
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Taxon:
Panax quinquefolius
L.
Nomenclature
Common Names
Distribution
Economic Uses
Summary
Genus:
Panax
Subgenus:
Panax
Section:
Panax
Series:
Panax
Family:
Araliaceae
Subfamily:
Aralioideae
Nomen number:
26381
Place of publication:
Sp. pl. 2:1058. 1753 "
quinquefolium
"
Typification:
View in Linnean Typification Project
Verified:
07/27/2005
ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
0
(
0
active,
0
available)
in National Plant Germplasm System.
Other conspecific taxa
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Autonym(s)
Panax quinquefolius
L. var.
quinquefolius
Homotypic Synonym(s)
Aralia quinquefolia
(L.) Decne. & Planch.
Aralia quinquefolia
(L.) Decne. & Planch. var.
quinquefolia
Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Aureliana canadensis
Lafit., nom. inval.
Panax americanus
(Raf.) Raf.
Panax quinquefolius
L. var.
americanus
Raf.
No images
Conservation Status
CITES.
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) Appendices I, II and III (on-line resource).
URL:
http://www.cites.org/eng/app/appendices.shtml
Reference(s)
Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson.
2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
www.skud.info
Brown, R. G. & M. L. Brown.
1984. Herbaceous plants of Maryland
Browne, E. T. & R. Athey.
1992. Vascular plants of Kentucky: an annotated checklist
Chinese Academy of Sciences.
1959-. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae.
CITES.
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) Appendices I, II and III (on-line resource).
URL:
http://www.cites.org/eng/app/appendices.shtml
Deam, C. C.
1940. Flora of Indiana.
Duke, J. A. et al.
2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
Duke, J. A.
1985. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
Erhardt, W. et al.
2008. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen
Gleason, H. A. & A. Cronquist.
1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, ed. 2
Govaerts, R. & D. G. Frodin.
2004. World checklist and bibliography of Araliaceae
URL:
http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/home.do
Hu, S. Y.
1976. The genus
Panax
(ginseng) in Chinese medicine. Econ. Bot. 30:14.
URL:
http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/12231
Huxley, A., ed.
1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
Kartesz, J. T.
1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland.
Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster.
1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2
Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium.
1976. Hortus third.
Markle, G. M. et al., eds.
1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
McGregor, R. L. et al. (The Great Plains Flora Association).
1986. Flora of the Great Plains.
McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker.
2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
Mitchell, R. S., ed.
1986. A checklist of New York state plants. New York State Mus. Bull. 458
Mohlenbrock, R. H. & D. M. Ladd.
1978. Distribution of Illinois vascular plants
Ohio Flora Committee (E. L. Braun, T. S. Cooperrider, T. R. Fisher, J. J. Furlow).
1967-. The vascular flora of Ohio.
Ownbey, G. B. & T. Morley.
1991. Vascular plants of Minnesota: a checklist and atlas
Personal Care Products Council.
INCI
URL:
http://www.personalcarecouncil.org/public/what-inci
Porcher, M. H. et al.
Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
URL:
http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Frontpage.html
Radford, A. E. et al.
1964. Manual of the vascular flora of the Carolinas.
Rehm, S.
1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Scoggan, H. J.
1978-1979. The flora of Canada, 4 vol.
Seymour, F.
1969. The flora of New England.
Small, E.
1997. Culinary herbs.
Note:
NRC Research Press, Ottawa
Smith, A. C.
1944. Araliaceae. North American flora 28B:9.
Note:
ser. 1, 1905-1957; ser. 2, 1954-1972
Smith, E. B.
1978. An atlas and annotated list of the vascular plants of Arkansas
Steyermark, J. A.
1977. Flora of Missouri.
Voss, E.
1972-. Michigan flora.
Wen, J.
2001. Species diversity, nomenclature, phylogeny, biogeography, and classification of the ginseng genus (
Panax
L., Araliaceae). Utilization of biotechnological, genetic and cultural approaches for North American and Asian ginseng improvement. Proceedings of the International Ginseng Workshop 69.
Wherry, E. T. et al.
1979. Atlas of the flora of Pennsylvania.
URL:
http://www.upenn.edu/paflora/dbsearch.html
Wofford, B. E.
Database of Tennessee vascular plants (on-line resource).
URL:
https://herbarium.utk.edu/vascular/vascular-database.php?CategoryID=Dicots&FamilyID=Araliaceae&GenusID=Panax&SpeciesID=quinquefolius
Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds.
1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
URL:
http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=2
1961. Webster's third new international dictionary.
Common names
English
American ginseng –
Reference(s)
ginseng –
Reference(s)
Occidental ginseng –
Reference(s)
sang –
Reference(s)
sheng –
Reference(s)
French
ginseng d'Amérique –
Reference(s)
German
amerikanischer Ginseng –
Reference(s)
kanadischer Ginseng –
Reference(s)
Swedish
amerikansk ginseng –
Reference(s)
Transcribed Chinese
xi yang shen –
Reference(s)
Distribution
Exportable format
order_code
Status
Continent
Subcontinent
Country
State
Note
1
Native
Northern America
Eastern Canada
Canada
Ontario
1
Native
Northern America
Eastern Canada
Canada
Québec
s.w.
1
Native
Northern America
North-Central U.S.A.
United States
Illinois
1
Native
Northern America
North-Central U.S.A.
United States
Iowa
1
Native
Northern America
North-Central U.S.A.
United States
Minnesota
s.
1
Native
Northern America
North-Central U.S.A.
United States
Missouri
1
Native
Northern America
North-Central U.S.A.
United States
Nebraska
e.
1
Native
Northern America
North-Central U.S.A.
United States
Oklahoma
e.
1
Native
Northern America
North-Central U.S.A.
United States
South Dakota
e.
1
Native
Northern America
North-Central U.S.A.
United States
Wisconsin
1
Native
Northern America
Northeastern U.S.A.
United States
Connecticut
1
Native
Northern America
Northeastern U.S.A.
United States
Indiana
1
Native
Northern America
Northeastern U.S.A.
United States
Maine
1
Native
Northern America
Northeastern U.S.A.
United States
Massachusetts
1
Native
Northern America
Northeastern U.S.A.
United States
Michigan
1
Native
Northern America
Northeastern U.S.A.
United States
New Hampshire
1
Native
Northern America
Northeastern U.S.A.
United States
New Jersey
1
Native
Northern America
Northeastern U.S.A.
United States
New York
1
Native
Northern America
Northeastern U.S.A.
United States
Ohio
1
Native
Northern America
Northeastern U.S.A.
United States
Pennsylvania
1
Native
Northern America
Northeastern U.S.A.
United States
Vermont
1
Native
Northern America
Northeastern U.S.A.
United States
West Virginia
1
Native
Northern America
Southeastern U.S.A.
United States
Alabama
1
Native
Northern America
Southeastern U.S.A.
United States
Arkansas
1
Native
Northern America
Southeastern U.S.A.
United States
Delaware
1
Native
Northern America
Southeastern U.S.A.
United States
Georgia
1
Native
Northern America
Southeastern U.S.A.
United States
Kentucky
1
Native
Northern America
Southeastern U.S.A.
United States
Maryland
1
Native
Northern America
Southeastern U.S.A.
United States
Mississippi
1
Native
Northern America
Southeastern U.S.A.
United States
North Carolina
1
Native
Northern America
Southeastern U.S.A.
United States
South Carolina
1
Native
Northern America
Southeastern U.S.A.
United States
Tennessee
1
Native
Northern America
Southeastern U.S.A.
United States
Virginia
2
Cultivated
Asia-Temperate
China
China
Native
Northern America
EASTERN CANADA:
Canada
[Québec (s.w.), Ontario]
NORTHEASTERN U.S.A.:
United States
[Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Vermont, West Virginia]
NORTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.:
United States
[Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota (s.), Missouri, Nebraska (e.), Oklahoma (e.), South Dakota (e.), Wisconsin]
SOUTHEASTERN U.S.A.:
United States
[Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia]
Cultivated
Asia-Temperate
CHINA:
China
Economic Uses
Usage
Type
Note
Reference
Food additives
flavoring
Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster.
1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2
Materials
gum/resin
used in various cosmetics
Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster.
1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2
Materials
lipids
used in various cosmetics
Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster.
1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2
Medicines
folklore
Duke, J. A. et al.
2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
Medicines
folklore
McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker.
2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
Name
References