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Taxon:
Persea americana
Mill.
Nomenclature
Common Names
Distribution
Economic Uses
Summary
Genus:
Persea
Subgenus:
Persea
Family:
Lauraceae
Nomen number:
27393
Place of publication:
Gard. dict. ed. 8:
Persea
no. 1. 1768
Verified:
01/23/1992
ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
0
(
0
active,
0
available)
in National Plant Germplasm System.
Other conspecific taxa
Persea americana
Mill. race
guatemalan
(0 active accession[s])
Persea americana
Mill. race
mexican
(0 active accession[s])
Persea americana
Mill. race
west indian
(0 active accession[s])
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Laurus persea
L.
Persea persea
(L.) Cockerell
Persea floccosa
Mez
Persea americana
Mill. var.
nubigena
(L. O. Williams) L. E. Kopp
Persea nubigena
L. O. Williams
Persea gigantea
L. O. Williams
Persea steyermarkii
C. K. Allen
Persea americana
Mill. var.
floccosa
(Mez) Scora, nom. inval.
Persea americana
Mill. var.
steyermarkii
(C. K. Allen) Scora, nom. inval.
Persea americana
Mill. var.
tolimanensis
(Zentmyer & Schieber) Scora, nom. inval.
Persea americana
Mill. var.
zentmyeri
Scora, nom. inval.
Persea zentmyeri
Schieber & B. Bergh, nom. inval.
Persea tolimanensis
Zentmyer & Schieber, nom. inval.
Persea nubigena
L. O. Williams var.
nubigena
No images
Reference(s)
Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson.
2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
www.skud.info
Ashworth, V. E. T. M. et al.
2011. Chapter 8.
Persea
. Wild crop relatives: genomic and breeding resources, tropical and subtropical fruits 173-188.
Burger, W. C., ed.
1971-. Flora costaricensis.
Chanderbali, A. S. et al.
2013. Chapter 3. Taxonomy and botany. The avocado: botany, production and uses 35.
Duke, J. A. et al.
2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).
2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
URL:
http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropListDetails?code=&relation=beginsWith&name=Persea+americana&quantity=1
Groth, D.
2005. pers. comm.
Note:
re. Brazilian common names
Hackett, C. & J. Carolane.
1982. Edible Horticultural Crops Academic Press.
Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry.
Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
URL:
http://www.hear.org/pier/index.html
Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS).
Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
URL:
http://www.anbg.gov.au/common.names/
IPGRI.
New World Fruits Database (on-line resource).
URL:
http://www.bioversityinternational.org/databases/new_world_fruits_database/search.html
Iwatsuki, K. et al.
1993-. Flora of Japan.
Kingsbury, J. M.
1964. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada.
Kopp, L. E.
1966. A taxonomic revision of the genus
Persea
in the Western Hemisphere (Perseae-Lauraceae). Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 14(1):15.
Liogier, H. A.
1981-. Flora of Hispaniola: Part 1; La Flora de la Española. Part II-.
Liogier, H. A.
1984-. Descriptive flora of Puerto Rico and adjacent islands.
McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker.
2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
Munro, D. B.
Canadian poisonous plants information system (on-line resource).
URL:
http://www.cbif.gc.ca/pls/pp/poison?p_x=px
Personal Care Products Council.
INCI
URL:
http://www.personalcarecouncil.org/public/what-inci
Porcher, M. H. et al.
Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
URL:
http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Frontpage.html
Scora, R. W. et al.
2002. Taxonomy and botany. The avocado: botany, production and uses 19-23.
Note:
this review accepts
Persea americana
with varieties
Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark.
1946-1976. Flora of Guatemala.
Stevens, W. D. et al., eds.
2001. Flora de Nicaragua. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 85(1-3).
Steyermark, J. A. et al., eds.
1995-. Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana.
Note:
Missouri Botanical Garden & Timber Press
Verheij, E. W. M. & R. E. Coronel, eds.
1991. Edible fruits and nuts. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 2:249.
URL:
http://proseanet.org
Wagner, W. L. et al.
1990. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawai'i
Williams, L. O.
1977. The avocados, a synopsis of the genus
Persea
, subg.
Persea
. Econ. Bot. 31:315-320.
URL:
http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/12231
Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds.
1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
URL:
http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=2
Common names
English
avocado –
Reference(s)
French
avocatier –
Reference(s)
German
Avocado –
Reference(s)
Avocadobaum –
Reference(s)
Avocadopalme –
Reference(s)
Japanese Rōmaji
abokado –
Reference(s)
wani-nashi –
Reference(s)
Portuguese (Brazil)
abacate –
Reference(s)
Spanish
aguacate –
Reference(s)
palto –
Reference(s)
Swedish
avokado –
Reference(s)
Transcribed Chinese
e li –
Reference(s)
Distribution
Exportable format
order_code
Status
Continent
Subcontinent
Country
State
Note
1
Native
Northern America
Mexico
s.
1
Native
Northern America
Northern Mexico
Mexico
San Luis Potosí
1
Native
Northern America
Northern Mexico
Mexico
Sinaloa
1
Native
Northern America
Northern Mexico
Mexico
Sonora
1
Native
Northern America
Northern Mexico
Mexico
Tamaulipas
1
Native
Northern America
Southern Mexico
Mexico
Chiapas
1
Native
Northern America
Southern Mexico
Mexico
Nayarit
1
Native
Northern America
Southern Mexico
Mexico
Oaxaca
1
Native
Northern America
Southern Mexico
Mexico
Puebla
1
Native
Northern America
Southern Mexico
Mexico
Quintana Roo
1
Native
Northern America
Southern Mexico
Mexico
Tabasco
1
Native
Southern America
Central America
Belize
Corozal
1
Native
Southern America
Central America
Costa Rica
1
Native
Southern America
Central America
Costa Rica
Alajuela
1
Native
Southern America
Central America
Costa Rica
Puntarenas
1
Native
Southern America
Central America
El Salvador
1
Native
Southern America
Central America
El Salvador
Chalatenango
1
Native
Southern America
Central America
El Salvador
Santa Ana
1
Native
Southern America
Central America
Guatemala
1
Native
Southern America
Central America
Guatemala
Baja Verapaz
1
Native
Southern America
Central America
Guatemala
Chimaltenango
1
Native
Southern America
Central America
Guatemala
Huehuetenango
1
Native
Southern America
Central America
Guatemala
Jalapa
1
Native
Southern America
Central America
Guatemala
Quiche
1
Native
Southern America
Central America
Guatemala
Sololá
1
Native
Southern America
Central America
Guatemala
Zacapa
1
Native
Southern America
Central America
Honduras
1
Native
Southern America
Central America
Honduras
Atlántida
1
Native
Southern America
Central America
Honduras
Copán
1
Native
Southern America
Central America
Honduras
El Paraíso
1
Native
Southern America
Central America
Honduras
Francisco Morazán
1
Native
Southern America
Central America
Honduras
Intibucá
1
Native
Southern America
Central America
Nicaragua
1
Native
Southern America
Central America
Nicaragua
Granada
1
Native
Southern America
Central America
Nicaragua
Madriz
1
Native
Southern America
Central America
Nicaragua
Matagalpa
1
Native
Southern America
Northern South America
Venezuela
Amazonas
requires confirmation
2
Cultivated
widely cult. in tropics & subtropics
2
Cultivated
Northern America
Northern Mexico
Mexico
Nuevo León
2
Cultivated
Northern America
Southern Mexico
Mexico
Guerrero
2
Cultivated
Northern America
Southern Mexico
Mexico
Hidalgo
2
Cultivated
Northern America
Southern Mexico
Mexico
Jalisco
2
Cultivated
Northern America
Southern Mexico
Mexico
México
2
Cultivated
Northern America
Southern Mexico
Mexico
Michoacán de Ocampo
2
Cultivated
Northern America
Southern Mexico
Mexico
Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave
2
Cultivated
Southern America
Central America
Belize
2
Cultivated
Southern America
Central America
Costa Rica
Cartago
2
Cultivated
Southern America
Central America
Costa Rica
San José
2
Cultivated
Southern America
Central America
El Salvador
San Salvador
2
Cultivated
Southern America
Central America
Honduras
Olancho
2
Cultivated
Southern America
Central America
Nicaragua
Chontales
2
Cultivated
Southern America
Central America
Nicaragua
Jinotega
2
Cultivated
Southern America
Central America
Panama
2
Cultivated
Southern America
Central America
Panama
Chiriquí
2
Cultivated
Southern America
Central America
Panama
Panamá
2
Cultivated
Southern America
Northern South America
Venezuela
4
Naturalized
Pacific
North-Central Pacific
United States
Hawaii
4
Naturalized
Pacific
South-Central Pacific
French Polynesia
4
Naturalized
Pacific
South-Central Pacific
Pitcairn
6
Other
origin Mesoamerica
Native
Northern America
NORTHERN MEXICO:
Mexico
[San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas]
SOUTHERN MEXICO:
Mexico
[Chiapas, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Quintana Roo, Tabasco]
REGION:
Mexico
(s.)
Southern America
CENTRAL AMERICA:
Belize
[Corozal],
Costa Rica
[Alajuela, Puntarenas],
Guatemala
[Baja Verapaz, Huehuetenango, Jalapa, Zacapa, Chimaltenango, Quiche, Sololá],
Honduras
[Atlántida, Copán, El Paraíso, Francisco Morazán, Intibucá],
Nicaragua
[Granada, Madriz, Matagalpa],
El Salvador
[Chalatenango, Santa Ana]
NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICA:
Venezuela
[Amazonas (requires confirmation)]
Cultivated
REGION:
Northern America
NORTHERN MEXICO:
Mexico
[Nuevo León]
SOUTHERN MEXICO:
Mexico
[Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, México, Michoacán de Ocampo, Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave]
Southern America
CENTRAL AMERICA:
Belize
,
Costa Rica
[Cartago, San José],
Honduras
[Olancho],
Nicaragua
[Chontales, Jinotega],
Panama
[Chiriquí, Panamá],
El Salvador
[San Salvador]
NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICA:
Venezuela
Naturalized
Pacific
NORTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC:
United States
[Hawaii]
SOUTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC:
Pitcairn
,
French Polynesia
Other
(origin Mesoamerica)
Economic Uses
Usage
Type
Note
Reference
Human food
fruit
Scora, R. W. et al.
2002. Taxonomy and botany. The avocado: botany, production and uses 15-37.
Medicines
folklore
McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker.
2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
Medicines
folklore
Duke, J. A. et al.
2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
Vertebrate poisons
mammals
Kingsbury, J. M.
1964. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada.
Name
References