International Livestock Research Institute

Welcome!


Taxon:  Phalaris arundinacea L.



Summary
Genus:
Phalaris
Family:
Poaceae (alt. Gramineae)
Subfamily:
Pooideae
Tribe:
Poeae
Subtribe:
Phalaridinae
Nomen number:
27512
Place of publication:
Sp. pl. 1:55. 1753
Verified:
01/25/1996 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
4 (4  active, 3  available) in National Plant Germplasm System.  (Map it)
Other conspecific taxa
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Autonym(s)
Phalaris arundinacea L. f. arundinacea
Phalaris arundinacea L. var. arundinacea

Homotypic Synonym(s)
Phalaroides arundinacea (L.) Rauschert

Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Phalaris arundinacea L. f. variegata (Parn.) Druce
Phalaris arundinacea L. var. picta L.
No images


Reference(s)
  1. Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource) www.skud.info
  2. Alderson, J. & W. C. Sharp. 1995. Grass varieties in the United States, U.S.D.A. Agric. Handb. 170, rev. ed. CRC Press. Note: Revised version of AH 170
  3. Baldini, R. M. 1995. Revision of the genus Phalaris L. (Gramineae). Webbia 49:269.
  4. Bor, N. L. 1960. The grasses of Burma, Ceylon, India, and Pakistan.
  5. Boulos, L. 1995. Flora of Egypt checklist.
  6. Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959-. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae.
  7. CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland. Documenta CIBA-GEIGY (Grass weeds 1. 1980, 2. 1981; Monocot weeds 3. 1982; Dicot weeds 1. 1988) Note: four books on weeds worldwide in scope
  8. Dassanayake, M. D. & F. R. Fosberg, eds. 1980-. A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon.
  9. Demilly, D. et al. 2001. Liste alphabétique des principales espèces de plantes cultivées et de mauvaises herbes. Noms latins et noms français, ed. 7 Note: GEVES-SNES, Beaucouzé, France
  10. Englert, J. M. et al. 1999-. USDA-NRCS Improved conservation plant materials released by NRCS and cooperators
  11. FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America. URL: http://floranorthamerica.org/
  12. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource). URL: http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropListDetails?code=&relation=beginsWith&name=Phalaris+arundinacea&quantity=1
  13. Giraldo-Cañas, D. 2011. Catálogo de la familia Poaceae en Colombia. Darwiniana 49:139-247.
  14. Hickman, J. C., ed. 1993. The Jepson manual: higher plants of California
  15. Hitchcock, A. S. 1950. Manual of the grasses of the United States, ed. 2.
  16. Holm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds
  17. Howell, C. J. & J. W. D. Sawyer. 2006. New Zealand naturalised vascular plant checklist URL: http://www.nzpcn.org.nz/publications/Naturalised-list-06-new.pdf
  18. Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
  19. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares. URL: http://www2.darwin.edu.ar/Proyectos/FloraArgentina/FA.asp
  20. International Seed Testing Association. 1982. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 1. Field crops, grasses and vegetables, ed. 2.
  21. Kartesz, J. T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland.
  22. Kingsbury, J. M. 1964. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada.
  23. Koyama, T. 1987. Grasses of Japan and its neighboring regions
  24. Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.
  25. Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
  26. Meyer, M. H. 2012. Chapter 3. Ornamental grasses in the United States. Hort. Rev. 39:121-152.
  27. Mun-Chan, B. et al. 1986. A checklist of the Korean cultivated plants. Kulturpflanze 34:116.
  28. Munro, D. B. Canadian poisonous plants information system (on-line resource). URL: http://www.cbif.gc.ca/pls/pp/poison?p_x=px
  29. Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970-. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
  30. Ohwi, J. 1965. Flora of Japan (Engl. ed.).
  31. Perdereau, A. et al. 2017. Plastid genome sequencing reveals biogeographical structure and extensive poulation genetic variation in wild populations of Phalaris arundinacea L. in northwestern Europe. GCB Bioenergy 9:46-56. DOI: 10.1111/gcbb.12362. URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/%28ISSN%291757-1707
  32. Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource). URL: http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Frontpage.html
  33. Quézel, P. & S. Santa. 1962-1963. Nouvelle flore de l'Algerie.
  34. Randall, R. P. 2007. The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status. URL: http://www.weeds.org.au/docs/intro_flora_australia.pdf
  35. Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963-. Flora iranica.
  36. Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
  37. Soreng, R. J. et al. 2003. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): IV. Subfamily Pooideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 48:480-481.
  38. Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966-. Flora of Iraq.
  39. Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952-. Flora of tropical East Africa.
  40. Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
  41. Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR
  42. Voshell, S. M. et al. 2011. Canary grasses (Phalaris, Poaceae): Molecular phylogenetics, polyploidy and floret evolution. Taxon 60:1306-1316. URL: http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/iapt/tax
  43. Voshell, S. M. et al. 2015. Infrageneric treatment of Phalaris (Canary grasses, Poaceae) based on molecular phylogenetics and floret structure. Austral. Syst. Bot. 28:355-367. DOI: 10.1071/SB15025. URL: http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/151.htm
  44. Walters, S. M. et al., eds. 1986-2000. European garden flora.
  45. Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds
  46. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition). URL: http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=2
  47. 1961. Webster's third new international dictionary.
  48. 2018. Mid-Atlantic invasive plant species (on-line resource)
  49. Plants of southern Africa: an online checklist. URL: http://posa.sanbi.org/searchspp.php
Common names
English
gardener's-garters –
reed Canary grass –
ribbon grass –
variegated grass –
French
alpiste roseau –
chiendent-ruban –
phalaris roseau –
roseau –
roseau panaché –
German
Rohrglanzgras –
Italian
falaride arundinacea –
Japanese Rōmaji
kusa-yoshi –
Portuguese
caniço-malhado –
Spanish
hierba cinta –
pasto cinto –
Swedish
rörflen –
Transcribed Korean
galpul –
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNote
1NativeAfricaMacaronesiaPortugalMadeira Islands 
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaAlgeria n.
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaEgypt  
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaTunisia  
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusArmenia  
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusAzerbaijan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusGeorgia  
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusRussian FederationDagestan 
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusRussian Federation-CiscaucasiaCiscaucasia 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChina  
1NativeAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaJapan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaKorea  
1NativeAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaTaiwan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaKazakhstan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaKyrgyzstan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaTajikistan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaTurkmenistan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaUzbekistan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateMongoliaMongolia  
1NativeAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian Federation-Eastern SiberiaEastern Siberia 
1NativeAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian Federation-Western SiberiaWestern Siberia 
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaIran  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaIraq  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaTurkey  
1NativeEuropeEastern EuropeBelarus  
1NativeEuropeEastern EuropeEstonia  
1NativeEuropeEastern EuropeLatvia  
1NativeEuropeEastern EuropeLithuania  
1NativeEuropeEastern EuropeMoldova  
1NativeEuropeEastern EuropeRussian Federation-European partEuropean part 
1NativeEuropeEastern EuropeUkraine incl. Krym
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeAustria  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeBelgium  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeCzech Republic  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeGermany  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeHungary  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropePoland  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeSlovakia  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeSwitzerland  
1NativeEuropeNorthern EuropeDenmark  
1NativeEuropeNorthern EuropeFinland  
1NativeEuropeNorthern EuropeNorway  
1NativeEuropeNorthern EuropeSweden  
1NativeEuropeNorthern EuropeUnited Kingdom  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeAlbania  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeBulgaria  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeCroatia  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeGreece  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeItaly incl. Sardinia
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeRomania  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeSerbia  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeSlovenia  
1NativeEuropeSouthwestern EuropeFrance incl. Corsica
1NativeEuropeSouthwestern EuropePortugal  
1NativeEuropeSouthwestern EuropeSpain  
1NativeNorthern AmericaEastern CanadaCanadaNew Brunswick 
1NativeNorthern AmericaEastern CanadaCanadaNewfoundland and Labrador 
1NativeNorthern AmericaEastern CanadaCanadaNova Scotia 
1NativeNorthern AmericaEastern CanadaCanadaOntario 
1NativeNorthern AmericaEastern CanadaCanadaPrince Edward Island 
1NativeNorthern AmericaEastern CanadaCanadaQuébec 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNorth-Central U.S.A.United StatesIllinois 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNorth-Central U.S.A.United StatesIowa 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNorth-Central U.S.A.United StatesKansas 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNorth-Central U.S.A.United StatesMinnesota 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNorth-Central U.S.A.United StatesMissouri 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNorth-Central U.S.A.United StatesNebraska 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNorth-Central U.S.A.United StatesNorth Dakota 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNorth-Central U.S.A.United StatesSouth Dakota 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNorth-Central U.S.A.United StatesWisconsin 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesConnecticut 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesIndiana 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesMaine 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesMassachusetts 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesMichigan 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesNew Hampshire 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesNew Jersey 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesNew York 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesOhio 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesPennsylvania 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesRhode Island 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesVermont 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesWest Virginia 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNorthwestern U.S.A.United StatesIdaho 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNorthwestern U.S.A.United StatesMontana 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNorthwestern U.S.A.United StatesOregon 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNorthwestern U.S.A.United StatesWashington 
1NativeNorthern AmericaSouth-Central U.S.A.United StatesNew Mexicon. & c.
1NativeNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesDelaware 
1NativeNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesKentucky 
1NativeNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesMaryland 
1NativeNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesNorth Carolinan. & w.
1NativeNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesTennessee 
1NativeNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesVirginia 
1NativeNorthern AmericaSouthwestern U.S.A.United StatesArizonan.
1NativeNorthern AmericaSouthwestern U.S.A.United StatesCalifornia 
1NativeNorthern AmericaSouthwestern U.S.A.United StatesNevada 
1NativeNorthern AmericaSouthwestern U.S.A.United StatesUtah 
1NativeNorthern AmericaSubarctic AmericaCanadaNorthwest Territories 
1NativeNorthern AmericaSubarctic AmericaCanadaYukon 
1NativeNorthern AmericaSubarctic AmericaUnited StatesAlaska 
1NativeNorthern AmericaWestern CanadaCanadaAlberta 
1NativeNorthern AmericaWestern CanadaCanadaBritish Columbia 
1NativeNorthern AmericaWestern CanadaCanadaManitoba 
1NativeNorthern AmericaWestern CanadaCanadaSaskatchewan 
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateChinaChina  
2CultivatedNorthern America Canada  
2CultivatedNorthern America United States  
4NaturalizedAfricaSouthern AfricaLesotho  
4NaturalizedAfricaSouthern AfricaSouth Africa  
4NaturalizedAustralasiaAustraliaAustralia  
4NaturalizedAustralasiaNew ZealandNew Zealand  
4NaturalizedNorthern America Mexico  
4NaturalizedPacificNorth-Central PacificUnited StatesHawaii 
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCentral AmericaEl Salvador  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaArgentina  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaUruguay  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaColombia  
Native
Africa
  • MACARONESIA: Portugal [Madeira Islands]
  • NORTHERN AFRICA: Algeria (n.), Egypt, Tunisia
Asia-Temperate
  • WESTERN ASIA: Iran, Iraq, Turkey
  • CAUCASUS: Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia [Ciscaucasia], Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russian Federation [Dagestan]
  • SIBERIA: Russian Federation-Western Siberia [Western Siberia], Russian Federation-Eastern Siberia [Eastern Siberia]
  • MIDDLE ASIA: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
  • MONGOLIA: Mongolia
  • CHINA: China
  • EASTERN ASIA: Korea, Japan, Taiwan
Europe
  • NORTHERN EUROPE: Denmark, Finland, United Kingdom, Norway, Sweden
  • MIDDLE EUROPE: Austria, Belgium, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia
  • EASTERN EUROPE: Russian Federation-European part [European part], Belarus, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Moldova, Ukraine (incl. Krym)
  • SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Croatia, Italy (incl. Sardinia), Romania, Serbia, Slovenia
  • SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Spain, France (incl. Corsica), Portugal
Northern America
  • SUBARCTIC AMERICA: Canada [Northwest Territories, Yukon], United States [Alaska]
  • EASTERN CANADA: Canada [Québec, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador]
  • WESTERN CANADA: Canada [Saskatchewan, Alberta, Manitoba, British Columbia]
  • NORTHEASTERN U.S.A.: United States [Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia]
  • NORTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.: United States [Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wisconsin]
  • NORTHWESTERN U.S.A.: United States [Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington]
  • SOUTHEASTERN U.S.A.: United States [Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, North Carolina (n. & w.), Tennessee, Virginia]
  • SOUTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.: United States [New Mexico (n. & c.)]
  • SOUTHWESTERN U.S.A.: United States [Arizona (n.), California, Nevada, Utah]
Cultivated
Asia-Temperate
  • CHINA: China
Northern America
  • REGION: Canada, United States
Naturalized
Africa
  • SOUTHERN AFRICA: Lesotho, South Africa
Australasia
  • AUSTRALIA: Australia
  • NEW ZEALAND: New Zealand
Northern America
  • REGION: Mexico
Pacific
  • NORTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: United States [Hawaii]
Southern America
  • CENTRAL AMERICA: El Salvador
  • WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA: Colombia
  • SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina, Uruguay
Economic Uses
UsageTypeNoteReference
Animal foodfodder Alderson, J. & W. C. Sharp. 1995. Grass varieties in the United States, U.S.D.A. Agric. Handb. 170, rev. ed. CRC Press. Note: Revised version of AH 170
Animal foodforage Alderson, J. & W. C. Sharp. 1995. Grass varieties in the United States, U.S.D.A. Agric. Handb. 170, rev. ed. CRC Press. Note: Revised version of AH 170
Environmentalerosion control Alderson, J. & W. C. Sharp. 1995. Grass varieties in the United States, U.S.D.A. Agric. Handb. 170, rev. ed. CRC Press. Note: Revised version of AH 170
Environmentalornamental Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds
Fuelspotential as petroleum substitute/alcoholcategorized as biomass feedstockPerdereau, A. et al. 2017. Plastid genome sequencing reveals biogeographical structure and extensive poulation genetic variation in wild populations of Phalaris arundinacea L. in northwestern Europe. GCB Bioenergy 9:46-56. DOI: 10.1111/gcbb.12362. URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/%28ISSN%291757-1707
Vertebrate poisonsmammals Kingsbury, J. M. 1964. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada.
Weedpotential seed contaminant CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland. Documenta CIBA-GEIGY (Grass weeds 1. 1980, 2. 1981; Monocot weeds 3. 1982; Dicot weeds 1. 1988) Note: four books on weeds worldwide in scope
Weedpotential seed contaminant Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds


ILRI Germplasm Policy (excerpts)

The International Livestock research Institute (ILRI) maintains a collection of forage germplasm as a global public good. The material was acquired prior to the entry into force of the Convention on Biological Diversity; or if it was acquired after the entering into force of the Convention on Biological Diversity, it was obtained with the understanding that it was held in trust and could be made available for any agricultural research, breeding and training purposes under the terms and conditions set out in the agreement between the ILRI and FAO dated 26 October 1994. On 16 October 2006, ILRI signed an agreement with the Governing Body of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (the Treaty) placing these in trust collections of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (PGRFA) within the purview of the Treaty.

In accordance with this Agreement, all shipments of PGRFA of crops listed in Annex 1 to the Treaty (shipments of PGRFA under the Multilateral System) will be subject to the terms and conditions of the Standard Material Transfer Agreement (SMTA). In the event that the SMTA (attached) is used for the transfer of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture other than those listed in Annex 1 of the Treaty: i) The references in the SMTA to the "Multilateral System" shall not be interpreted as limiting the application of the SMTA to Annex 1 Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, and in the case of Article 6.2 of the SMTA shall mean "under this Agreement". ii) The reference in Article 6.11 and Annex 3 of the SMTA to "Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture belonging to the same crop, as set out in Annex 1 to the Treaty" shall be taken to mean "Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture belonging to the same crop".

The material is held in trust and the recipient has no rights to obtain Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) on the material or related information. The recipient may utilize and conserve the material for research, breeding and training and may distribute it to other parties provided such parties accept the terms and conditions of the SMTA .

ILRI will provide forage seeds in small experimental quantities of between 1 and 20 grams without charge from the germplasm collection under the SMTA as appropriate for the crop as part of its policy of maximizing the utilization of material for research, breeding and training. Larger quantities sufficient to sow up to one quarter of a hectare of a limited number of promising accessions will require that requesters cover the costs of production and shipping.

ILRI makes no warranties as to the safety or title of the material, nor as to the accuracy or correctness of any passport or other data provided with the material. Neither does it make any warranties as to the quality, viability, or purity (genetic or mechanical) of the material being furnished. The phytosanitary condition of the material is warranted only as described in the attached phytosanitary certificate. The recipient assumes full responsibility for complying with the recipient nation’s quarantine and biosafety regulations and rules as to import or release of genetic material.