| Environmental | ornamental | | Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR. |
| Environmental | shade/shelter | | Little, E. L., Jr. 1979. Checklist of United States trees, Agric. Handb. 541 |
| Materials | tannin/dyestuff | | Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR. |
| Materials | wood | | Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR. |
| Materials | wood | | Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds |
| Weed | potential seed contaminant | | Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds |
| Weed | potential seed contaminant | | Henderson, L. 2001. Alien weeds and invasive plants: a complete guide to declared weeds and invaders in South Africa. Plant Protection Research Institute, Handbook 12 |
| Weed | potential seed contaminant | | Campbell, F. T., ed. 1995. Report of National Coalition of Exotic Plant Pest Councils (unpublished draft) |