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Taxon:
Prunus dulcis
(Mill.) D. A. Webb
Nomenclature
Common Names
Distribution
Economic Uses
Summary
Genus:
Prunus
Subgenus:
Amygdalus
Family:
Rosaceae
Subfamily:
Amygdaloideae
Tribe:
Amygdaleae
Nomen number:
29890
Place of publication:
Feddes Repert. 74:24. 1967
Verified:
04/12/2011
ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
0
(
0
active,
0
available)
in National Plant Germplasm System.
Other conspecific taxa
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Basionym
Amygdalus dulcis
Mill.
Autonym(s)
Prunus dulcis
(Mill.) D. A. Webb var.
dulcis
Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Amygdalus communis
L.
Amygdalus communis
L. var.
communis
Prunus amygdalus
Batsch
Prunus communis
(L.) Arcang.
Prunus dulcis
(Mill.) D. A. Webb var.
amara
(DC.) Buchheim
No images
Reference(s)
Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson.
2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
www.skud.info
Ali, S. I. & S. M. H. Jafri, eds.
1976-. Flora of Libya.
Note:
=
Amygdalus communis
L.
Aradhya, M. K. et al.
2004. Molecular characterization of variability and relationships among seven cultivated and selected wild species of
Prunus
L. using amplified fragment length polymorphism. Sci. Hort. 103:131-144.
Badenes, M. L. & D. E. Parfitt.
1995. Phylogenetic relationships of cultivated
Prunus
species from analysis of chloroplast DNA. Theor. Appl. Genet. 90:1035-1041.
URL:
http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/122
Bortiri, E. et al.
2001. Phylogeny and systematics of
Prunus
(Rosaceae) as determined by sequence analysis of ITS and the chloroplast trnL-trnF spacer DNA. Syst. Bot. 26:797-807.
www.aspt.net/systematic-botany
Bortiri, E. et al.
2006. Phylogenetic analysis of morphology in
Prunus
reveals extensive homoplasy. Pl. Syst. Evol. 259:53-71.
URL:
http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/606
Browicz, K. & D. Zohary.
1996. The genus
Amygdalus
L. (Rosaceae): species relationships, distribution and evolution under domestication. Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 43:233.
URL:
http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/10722
Note:
=
Amygdalus communis
L.
Chin, S.-W. et al.
2014. Diversification of almonds, peaches, plums and cherries - Molecular systematics and biogeographic history of
Prunus
(Rosaceae). Molec. Phylogenet. Evol. 76:34-48.
URL:
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10557903
Note:
=
Prunus amygdalus
Chinese Academy of Sciences.
1959-. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae.
Note:
=
Amygdalus communis
L.
Craker, L. E. & J. E. Simon, eds.
1986-1987. Herbs, spices, and medicinal plants, 2 vols.
Note:
=
Prunus dulcis
var.
dulcis
Davis, P. H., ed.
1965-1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
Note:
=
Amygdalus communis
L.
Demilly, D. et al.
1996. Liste alphabétique des principales espèces de plantes cultivées et de mauvaises herbes. Noms latins et noms français, ed. 6.
Note:
GEVES-SNES, Beaucouzé, France
Duke, J. A. et al.
2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
Duke, J. A.
1989. Handbook of Nuts CRC Press.
Encke, F. et al.
1993. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 14. Auflage
Note:
=
Prunus dulcis
var.
amara
Erhardt, W. et al.
2002. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 17. Auflage
Euro+Med Editorial Committee.
Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
URL:
http://www.emplantbase.org/home.html
Facciola, S.
1990. Cornucopia, a source book of edible plants Kampong Publications.
Note:
=
Amygdalus communis
L.
Gradziel, T. M. & P. Martínez-Gómez.
2013. Chapter 4. Almond breeding. Pl. Breed. Rev. 37:207-255.
Gradziel, T. M.
2009. Almond (
Prunus dulcis
) breeding. Breeding plantation tree crops: temperate species 1-31.
Groth, D.
2005. pers. comm.
Note:
re. Brazilian common names
Hanelt, P., ed.
2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
URL:
http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/pls/htmldb_pgrc/f?p=185:3:2422827336895397#
Huxley, A., ed.
1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
Kester, D. E. et al.
1991. Almonds (
Prunus
). Acta Hort. 290:701-760.
Note:
=
Prunus communis
Krüssmann, G.
1984. Manual of cultivated broad-leaved trees and shrubs (English translation of
Handbuch der Laubgehölze
. 1976)
Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium.
1976. Hortus third.
Markle, G. M. et al., eds.
1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker.
2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
Meikle, R. D.
1977-1985. Flora of Cyprus.
Mowrey, B. D. & D. J. Werner.
1990. Phylogenetic relationships among species of
Prunus
as inferred by isozyme markers. Theor. Appl. Genet. 80:129-133.
URL:
http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/122
Ortega-Sada, J. L.
1987. Flora de interes apicola y polinizacion de cultivos.
Porcher, M. H. et al.
Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
URL:
http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Frontpage.html
Rehm, S.
1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Rosengarten, F.
1984. The book of edible nuts
Sorkheh, K. et al.
2009. Phenotypic diversity within native Iranian almond (
Prunus
spp.) species and their breeding potential. Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 56:947-961.
URL:
http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/10722
Note:
this study evaluated nine samples of this species recognized as
Prunus communis
Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest.
1966-. Flora of Iraq.
Note:
=
Prunus amygdalus
(L.) Batsch
Tutin, T. G. et al., eds.
1964-1980. Flora europaea.
Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds.
1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
URL:
http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=2
Note:
=
Amygdalus communis
L.
Yazbek, M. & S.-H. Oh.
2013. Peaches and almonds: phylogeny of
Prunus
subg.
Amygdalus
(Rosaceae) based on DNA sequences and morphology. Pl. Syst. Evol. 299:1403-1418.
URL:
http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/606
Zeinalabedini, M. et al.
2010. The origin and dissemination of the cultivated almond as determined by nuclear and chloroplast SSR marker analysis. Sci. Hort. 120:593-601.
Common names
English
almond –
Reference(s)
bitter almond –
Reference(s)
sweet almond –
Reference(s)
French
amandier –
Reference(s)
amandier commun –
Reference(s)
German
Bittermandelbaum –
Reference(s)
Knackmandel –
Reference(s)
Mandel –
Reference(s)
Mandelbaum –
Reference(s)
Italian
mandorio –
Reference(s)
Japanese Rōmaji
āmondo –
Reference(s)
Portuguese
amendoeira –
Reference(s)
Portuguese (Brazil)
amêndoa-amarga –
Reference(s)
amêndoa-doce –
Reference(s)
Spanish
almendro –
Reference(s)
Swedish
bittermandel –
Reference(s)
mandel –
Reference(s)
Transcribed Chinese
bian tao –
Reference(s)
Distribution
Exportable format
order_code
Status
Continent
Subcontinent
Country
State
Note
1
Native
Asia-Temperate
Middle Asia
Turkmenistan
1
Native
Asia-Temperate
Middle Asia
Uzbekistan
1
Native
Asia-Temperate
Western Asia
Israel
1
Native
Asia-Temperate
Western Asia
Jordan
w.
1
Native
Asia-Temperate
Western Asia
Lebanon
1
Native
Asia-Temperate
Western Asia
Turkey
s.
2
Cultivated
cult. mainly in Mediterranean region, temperate Asia, N. & S. America, South Africa, & Australia
4
Naturalized
Africa
Macaronesia
Spain
Canary Islands
4
Naturalized
Africa
Northern Africa
Algeria
4
Naturalized
Africa
Northern Africa
Libya
4
Naturalized
Africa
Northern Africa
Morocco
4
Naturalized
Africa
Northern Africa
Tunisia
4
Naturalized
Asia-Temperate
Caucasus
Armenia
4
Naturalized
Asia-Temperate
Western Asia
Cyprus
4
Naturalized
Asia-Temperate
Western Asia
Iran
4
Naturalized
Europe
Middle Europe
Switzerland
4
Naturalized
Europe
Southeastern Europe
Bulgaria
4
Naturalized
Europe
Southeastern Europe
Croatia
4
Naturalized
Europe
Southeastern Europe
Italy
incl. Sicily
4
Naturalized
Europe
Southeastern Europe
North Macedonia
4
Naturalized
Europe
Southeastern Europe
Serbia
4
Naturalized
Europe
Southwestern Europe
France
Corse
4
Naturalized
Europe
Southwestern Europe
Portugal
4
Naturalized
Europe
Southwestern Europe
Spain
incl. Baleares
Native
Asia-Temperate
WESTERN ASIA:
Israel
,
Jordan
(w.),
Lebanon
,
Turkey
(s.)
MIDDLE ASIA:
Turkmenistan
,
Uzbekistan
Cultivated
(cult. mainly in Mediterranean region, temperate Asia, N. & S. America, South Africa, & Australia)
Naturalized
Africa
MACARONESIA:
Spain
[Canary Islands]
NORTHERN AFRICA:
Algeria
,
Libya
,
Morocco
,
Tunisia
Asia-Temperate
WESTERN ASIA:
Cyprus
,
Iran
CAUCASUS:
Armenia
Europe
MIDDLE EUROPE:
Switzerland
SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE:
Bulgaria
,
Croatia
,
Italy
(incl. Sicily),
North Macedonia
,
Serbia
SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE:
Spain
(incl. Baleares),
France
[Corse],
Portugal
Economic Uses
Usage
Type
Note
Reference
Bee plants
honey production
Ortega-Sada, J. L.
1987. Flora de interes apicola y polinizacion de cultivos.
Food additives
flavoring
as
Amygdalus communis
‘Amara’
Facciola, S.
1990. Cornucopia, a source book of edible plants Kampong Publications.
Note:
=
Amygdalus communis
L.
Human food
nut
Krüssmann, G.
1984. Manual of cultivated broad-leaved trees and shrubs (English translation of
Handbuch der Laubgehölze
. 1976)
Materials
lipids
almond oil for pharmaceutical use
Markle, G. M. et al., eds.
1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
Medicines
folklore
Duke, J. A. et al.
2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
Medicines
folklore
McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker.
2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
Vertebrate poisons
mammals
"bitter almond", as
Prunus amygdalus
Kingsbury, J. M.
1964. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada.
Vertebrate poisons
mammals
as
Amygdalus communis
Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson.
1998. Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning
Name
References