Animal food | fodder | | Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2 |
Animal food | forage | | Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2 |
Environmental | erosion control | | Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2 |
Environmental | soil improver | | Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2 |
Harmful organism host | crop diseases | for crown rust | Mathre, D. E. 1997. Compendium of barley diseases. The disease compendium series. 42. |
Human food | beverage base | | Mabberley, D. J. 1997. The plant-book: a portable dictionary of the vascular plants, ed. 2 |
Human food | cereal | | Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2 |
Human food | cereal | | Mabberley, D. J. 1997. The plant-book: a portable dictionary of the vascular plants, ed. 2 |
Medicines | folklore | as S. cereale | McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland. |
Medicines | folklore | as S. cereale | Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs Note: = Secale cereale |
Vertebrate poisons | mammals | | Kellerman, T. S. et al. 1988. Plant poisonings and mycotoxicoses of livestock in Southern Africa Note: poisonous |
Vertebrate poisons | mammals | | Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson. 1998. Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning Note: poisonous |
Vertebrate poisons | mammals | | Lampe, K. F. & M. A. McCann. 1985. AMA handbook of poisonous and injurious plants Note: poisonous |