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Taxon:  Tamarindus indica L.



Summary
Genus:
Tamarindus
Family:
Fabaceae (alt. Leguminosae)
Subfamily:
Detarioideae
Nomen number:
36219
Place of publication:
Sp. pl. 1:34. 1753
Verified:
01/29/1988 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
4 (4  active, 3  available) in National Plant Germplasm System.  (Map it)
Other conspecific taxa
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
No images


Reference(s)
  1. Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource) www.skud.info
  2. Arechavaleta, M. et al., eds. 2005. Lista preliminar de especies silvestres de Cabo Verde: hongos, plantas y animales terrestres URL: http://www.azoresbioportal.angra.uac.pt/files/noticias_Check_List_Cabo_Verde.pdf
  3. Aubréville, A. et al., eds. 1960-. Flore du Cambodge du Laos et du Viet-Nam.
  4. Aubréville, A. et al., eds. 1963-. Flore du Cameroun.
  5. Borlaug, N. et al., eds. 2008. Fruits: Tamarind. Lost crops of Africa. 3:149-163.
  6. Boutelje, J. B. 1980. Encyclopedia of world timbers, names and technical literature
  7. Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959-. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae.
  8. Du Puy, D. 1997. The Leguminosae of Madagascar. Bot. Mag. 14:235-237.
  9. Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
  10. Duke, J. A. 1981. Handbook of legumes of world economic importance
  11. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource). URL: http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropListDetails?code=&relation=beginsWith&name=Tamarindus+indica&quantity=1
  12. Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
  13. Hackett, C. & J. Carolane. 1982. Edible Horticultural Crops Academic Press.
  14. Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
  15. Isely, D. 1975. Leguminosae of the United States: II. Subfamily Caesalpinioideae. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 25(2):181.
  16. Kunkel, G. 1984. Plants for human consumption
  17. León, B. 1995. pers. comm. Note: re. Portuguese (Brazil) common names
  18. León, B. 2009. pers. comm. Note: re. Spanish common names
  19. Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2 484.
  20. Lock, J. M. & K. Simpson. 1991. Legumes of West Asia: a checklist
  21. Lock, J. M. 1989. Legumes of Africa: a checklist
  22. Luna, R. K. 1996. Plantation trees. Note: International Book Distributors
  23. Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
  24. McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
  25. McVaugh, R. 1983-. Flora Novo-Galiciana.
  26. National Academy of Sciences. 1979. Tropical legumes: resources for the future
  27. Personal Care Products Council. INCI URL: http://www.personalcarecouncil.org/public/what-inci
  28. Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource). URL: http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Frontpage.html
  29. Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
  30. Reichel, S. 1998. pers. comm. Note: re. German common names
  31. Smith, A. C. 1979-1991. Flora vitiensis nova.
  32. Smith, R. J. Botanical beads of the world (on-line resource). URL: http://www.botanicalbeads.com/BBB_page_68.html
  33. Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952-. Flora of tropical East Africa.
  34. Verdcourt, B. 1979. A manual of New Guinea legumes.
  35. Verheij, E. W. M. & R. E. Coronel, eds. 1991. Edible fruits and nuts. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 2:298. URL: http://proseanet.org
  36. Wood, J. R. I. 1997. A handbook of the Yemen flora.
  37. Yaacob, O. & S. Subhadrabandhu. 1995. The production of economic fruits in South-East Asia
Common names
English
Indian tamarind –
kilytree –
tamarind –
French
tamarin –
tamarindier –
tamarinier –
German
Tamarinde –
Tamarindenbaum –
Portuguese
tamarindeiro –
Portuguese (Brazil)
tâmara-da-Índia –
tamarinda –
tamarindo –
tamarindo-do-Egito –
tamarino –
Spanish
tamarindo –
Swedish
tamarind –
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNote
1NativeAfricaEast Tropical AfricaKenya  
1NativeAfricaEast Tropical AfricaTanzania  
1NativeAfricaEast Tropical AfricaUganda  
1NativeAfricaMacaronesiaCabo Verde  
1NativeAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaChad  
1NativeAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaEthiopia  
1NativeAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaSomalia  
1NativeAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaSudan  
1NativeAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaYemenSocotra 
1NativeAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaAngola  
1NativeAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaMalawi  
1NativeAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaMozambique  
1NativeAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaZambia  
1NativeAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaZimbabwe  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaBenin  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaBurkina Faso  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaCôte D'Ivoire  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaGhana  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaGuinea-Bissau  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaLiberia  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaMali  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaNiger  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaNigeria  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaSenegal  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaSierra Leone  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaTogo  
1NativeAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaBurundi  
1NativeAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaCameroon  
1NativeAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaCentral African Republic  
1NativeAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaDemocratic Republic of the Congo  
1NativeAfricaWestern Indian OceanMadagascar  
1NativeAsia-TemperateArabian PeninsulaYemen  
2Cultivated    widely cult.
Native
Africa
  • MACARONESIA: Cabo Verde
  • NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Ethiopia, Sudan, Somalia, Chad, Yemen [Socotra]
  • EAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
  • WEST-CENTRAL TROPICAL AFRICA: Burundi, Central African Republic, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo
  • WEST TROPICAL AFRICA: Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte D'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo
  • SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA: Angola, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe
  • WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN: Madagascar
Asia-Temperate
  • ARABIAN PENINSULA: Yemen
Cultivated (widely cult.)
Economic Uses
UsageTypeNoteReference
Environmentalornamental Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
Environmentalshade/shelter Du Puy, D. 1997. The Leguminosae of Madagascar. Bot. Mag. 14:235-237.
Food additivesflavoring Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
Food additivesflavoring Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2 484.
Food additivesflavoring Du Puy, D. 1997. The Leguminosae of Madagascar. Bot. Mag. 14:235-237.
Fuelscharcoal National Academy of Sciences. 1979. Tropical legumes: resources for the future
Fuelscharcoal Luna, R. K. 1996. Plantation trees. Note: International Book Distributors
Human foodbeverage base Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2 484.
Human foodfruit Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2 484.
Materialsbeads Smith, R. J. Botanical beads of the world (on-line resource). URL: http://www.botanicalbeads.com/BBB_page_68.html
Medicinesfolklore Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
Medicinesfolklore McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.


ILRI Germplasm Policy (excerpts)

The International Livestock research Institute (ILRI) maintains a collection of forage germplasm as a global public good. The material was acquired prior to the entry into force of the Convention on Biological Diversity; or if it was acquired after the entering into force of the Convention on Biological Diversity, it was obtained with the understanding that it was held in trust and could be made available for any agricultural research, breeding and training purposes under the terms and conditions set out in the agreement between the ILRI and FAO dated 26 October 1994. On 16 October 2006, ILRI signed an agreement with the Governing Body of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (the Treaty) placing these in trust collections of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (PGRFA) within the purview of the Treaty.

In accordance with this Agreement, all shipments of PGRFA of crops listed in Annex 1 to the Treaty (shipments of PGRFA under the Multilateral System) will be subject to the terms and conditions of the Standard Material Transfer Agreement (SMTA). In the event that the SMTA (attached) is used for the transfer of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture other than those listed in Annex 1 of the Treaty: i) The references in the SMTA to the "Multilateral System" shall not be interpreted as limiting the application of the SMTA to Annex 1 Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, and in the case of Article 6.2 of the SMTA shall mean "under this Agreement". ii) The reference in Article 6.11 and Annex 3 of the SMTA to "Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture belonging to the same crop, as set out in Annex 1 to the Treaty" shall be taken to mean "Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture belonging to the same crop".

The material is held in trust and the recipient has no rights to obtain Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) on the material or related information. The recipient may utilize and conserve the material for research, breeding and training and may distribute it to other parties provided such parties accept the terms and conditions of the SMTA .

ILRI will provide forage seeds in small experimental quantities of between 1 and 20 grams without charge from the germplasm collection under the SMTA as appropriate for the crop as part of its policy of maximizing the utilization of material for research, breeding and training. Larger quantities sufficient to sow up to one quarter of a hectare of a limited number of promising accessions will require that requesters cover the costs of production and shipping.

ILRI makes no warranties as to the safety or title of the material, nor as to the accuracy or correctness of any passport or other data provided with the material. Neither does it make any warranties as to the quality, viability, or purity (genetic or mechanical) of the material being furnished. The phytosanitary condition of the material is warranted only as described in the attached phytosanitary certificate. The recipient assumes full responsibility for complying with the recipient nation’s quarantine and biosafety regulations and rules as to import or release of genetic material.