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Taxon:
Brassica nigra
(L.) W. D. J. Koch
Nomenclature
Common Names
Distribution
Economic Uses
Summary
Genus:
Brassica
Family:
Brassicaceae
(alt. Cruciferae)
Tribe:
Brassiceae
Nomen number:
7666
Place of publication:
J. C. Röing, Deutschl. Fl. ed. 3, 4:713. 1833
Comment:
valid publication verified from original literature
Verified:
05/02/2010
ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
0
(
0
active,
0
available)
in National Plant Germplasm System.
Other conspecific taxa
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Basionym
Sinapis nigra
L.
Autonym(s)
Brassica nigra
(L.) W. D. J. Koch subsp.
nigra
Brassica nigra
(L.) W. D. J. Koch var.
nigra
Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Brassica nigra
(L.) W. D. J. Koch subsp.
hispida
(O. E. Schulz) Gladis & K. Hammer
Brassica nigra
(L.) W. D. J. Koch unranked
hispida
O. E. Schulz
Brassica nigra
(L.) W. D. J. Koch var.
abyssinica
A. Braun
Brassica nigra
(L.) W. D. J. Koch var.
bracteolata
(Fisch. & C. A. Mey.) Spach
Brassica nigra
(L.) W. D. J. Koch var.
torulosa
(Pers.) Alef.
Brassica sinapoides
Rothm.
No images
Reference(s)
Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & M. T. Strong.
2012. Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 98
Afonin, A. N., S. L. Greene, N. I. Dzyubenko, & A. N. Frolov, eds.
Interactive agricultural ecological atlas of Russia and neighboring countries. Economic plants and their diseases, pests and weeds (on-line resource).
URL:
http://www.agroatlas.ru/en/content/related/Brassica_nigra/
Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson.
2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
www.skud.info
Allan, H. H. B. et al.
1961-. Flora of New Zealand.
URL:
http://floraseries.landcareresearch.co.nz/pages/index.aspx
Anderson, J. K. & S. I. Warwick.
1999. Chromosome number evolution in the tribe Brassiceae (Brassicaceae): evidence from isozyme number. Pl. Syst. Evol. 215:255-285.
URL:
http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/606
Arias, T. & J. C. Pires.
2012. A fully resolved chloroplast phylogeny of the brassica crops and wild relatives (Brassicaceae: Brassiceae): Novel clades and potential taxonomic implications. Taxon 61:980-988.
URL:
http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/iapt/tax
Arumugam, N. et al.
2002. Synthesis of somatic hybrids (RCBB) by fusing heat-tolerant
Raphanus sativus
(RR) and
Brassica oleracea
(CC) with
Brassica nigra
(BB). Pl. Breed. (New York) 121:168-170.
Boulos, L.
1999-. Flora of Egypt
Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi.
1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45
Castroviejo, S. et al., eds.
1989-. Flora iberica: plantas vasculares de la Peninsula Iberica e Islas Baleares.
Chèvre, A. M. et al.
1997. Identification of the different
Brassica nigra
chromosomes from both sets of
B. oleracea
-
B. nigra
and
B. napus
-
B. nigra
addition lines with a special emphasis on chromosome transmission ... Theor. Appl. Genet. 94:603-611.
URL:
http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/122
Chrungu, B. et al.
1999. Production and characterization of interspecific hybrids between
Brassica maurorum
and crop brassicas. Theor. Appl. Genet. 98:608-613.
URL:
http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/122
CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland.
Documenta CIBA-GEIGY (Grass weeds 1. 1980, 2. 1981; Monocot weeds 3. 1982; Dicot weeds 1. 1988)
Note:
four books on weeds worldwide in scope
Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson.
1998. Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning
Note:
poisonous
Cufodontis, G.
1953-1972. Enumeratio plantarum aethiopiae: Spermatophyta.
Darbyshire, S. J.
2003. Inventory of Canadian Agricultural Weeds Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 117.
Davis, P. H., ed.
1965-1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
Duke, J. A. et al.
2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
Erhardt, W. et al.
2008. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen
Erickson, L. R. et al.
1983. Restriction patterns reveal origins of chloroplast genomes in
Brassica
amphiploids. Theor. Appl. Genet. 65:201-206.
URL:
http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/122
Euro+Med Editorial Committee.
Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
URL:
http://www.emplantbase.org/home.html
Farnsworth, N. R. & D. D. Soejarto.
1988. Global importance of medicinal plants (unpublished draft manuscript rev. 23)
FitzJohn, R. G. et al.
2007. Hybridisation within
Brassica
and allied genera: evaluation of potential for transgene escape. Euphytica 158:209-230.
Note:
Netherlands journal of plant breeding
FNA Editorial Committee.
1993-. Flora of North America.
URL:
http://floranorthamerica.org/
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).
2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
URL:
http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropListDetails?code=&relation=beginsWith&name=Brassica+nigra&quantity=1
Gerdemann-Knörck, M. et al.
1994. Utilization of asymmetric somatic hybridization for the transfer of disease resistance from
Brassica nigra
to
Brassica napus
. Pl. Breed. (New York) 113:106-113.
Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds.
2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14
Gleason, H. A. & A. Cronquist.
1963. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada.
Greuter, W. et al., eds.
1984-. Med-Checklist.
Greuter, W. et al., eds.
2000. International code of botanical nomenclature (Saint Louis Code) Art. 23.5, Ex. 5.
URL:
http://www.bgbm.org/iapt/nomenclature/code/SaintLouis/0000St.Luistitle.htm
Halldén, C. et al.
1987. Distribution and evolution of a tandemly repeated DNA sequence in the family Brassicaceae. J. Molec. Evol. 25:318-323.
Hansen, A. & P. Sunding.
1993. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 4. Sommerfeltia vol. 17.
Hara, H. et al.
1978-1982. An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal.
Hedberg, I. & S. Edwards.
1989-. Flora of Ethiopia
Note:
Eritrea added in 2000
Hegi, G. et al.
1986. Illustrierte Flora von Mittel-Europa 4(1):464.
Note:
ed. 1:1906-1931; ed. 2:1936-68; ed. 3:1966-
Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry.
Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
URL:
http://www.hear.org/pier/index.html
Instituto de Botánica Darwinion.
2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares.
URL:
http://www2.darwin.edu.ar/Proyectos/FloraArgentina/FA.asp
International Seed Testing Association.
1982. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 1. Field crops, grasses and vegetables, ed. 2.
Iwatsuki, K. et al.
1993-. Flora of Japan.
Jahandiez, E. & R. Maire.
1931-1941. Catalogue des plantes du Maroc.
Jalas, J. & J. Suominen.
1972-. Atlas florae europaeae.
Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez, eds.
1999. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75
Kingsbury, J. M.
1964. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada.
Note:
poisonous
Komarov, V. L. et al., eds.
1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
Kunakh, V. A. et al.
2008. Mixoploidy in wild and cultivated species of Cruciferae capable of hybridizing with rapeseed
Brassica napus
. Cytol. & Genet. 42:204-209.
Note:
Translation of: Tsitologiya i genetika. Kiev
Lazarides, M. & B. Hince.
1993. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia
Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium.
1976. Hortus third.
Mansfeld, R.
1959. Die Kulturpflanze, Beiheft 2.
Markle, G. M. et al., eds.
1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker.
2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
Meikle, R. D.
1977-1985. Flora of Cyprus.
Mouterde, P.
1966-. Nouvelle flore du Liban et de la Syrie.
Nagpal, R. et al.
2008. Molecular systematics of
Brassica
and allied genera in subtribes Brassicinae, Raphaninae, Moricandiinae, and Cakilinae (Brassicaceae, tribe Brassiceae); the organization and evolution of ribosomal gene families. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 157:545-557.
Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds.
1970-. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
URL:
http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=200009265
Personal Care Products Council.
INCI
URL:
http://www.personalcarecouncil.org/public/what-inci
Plieske, J. & D. Struss.
2001. STS markers linked to
Phoma
resistance genes of the
Brassica
B-genome revealed sequence homology between
Brassica nigra
and
Brassica napus
. Theor. Appl. Genet. 102:483-488.
URL:
http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/122
Porcher, M. H. et al.
Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
URL:
http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Frontpage.html
Pottier-Alapetite, G.
1979-1981. Flore de la Tunisie: Angiospermes-Dicotyledones.
Pradhan, A. K. et al.
1992. Phylogeny of
Brassica
and allied genera based on variation in chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA patterns: molecular and taxonomic classifications are incongruous. Theor. Appl. Genet. 85:331-340.
URL:
http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/122
Prakash, S. & K. Hinata.
1980. Taxonomy, cytogenetics and origin of crop brassicas, a review. Opera Bot. 55:7.
Qi, X.-H. et al.
2007. Molecular phylogeny of Chinese vegetable mustard (
Brassica juncea
) based on the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 54:1709-1716.
URL:
http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/10722
Quézel, P. & S. Santa.
1962-1963. Nouvelle flore de l'Algerie.
Rao, G. U. et al.
1996. Production of hybrids, amphiploids and backcross progenies between cold-tolerant wild species,
Erucastrum abyssinicum
and crop brassicas. Theor. Appl. Genet. 92:786-790.
URL:
http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/122
Rechinger, K. H., ed.
1963-. Flora iranica.
Rehm, S.
1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Scheffler, J. A. & P. J. Dale.
1994. Opportunities for gene transfer from transgenic oilseed rape (
Brassica napus
) to related species. Transgenic Res. 3:263-278.
Seed Regulatory and Testing Division, Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S.D.A.
State noxious-weed seed requirements recognized in the administration of the Federal Seed Act (updated annually).
URL:
http://www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/getfile?dDocName=STELPRDC5090172
Sharma, B. D. et al., eds.
1993-. Flora of India.
Snowdon, R. et al.
2005-. Oilseed crops. Chapter 7.
Brassica
oilseeds. Genetic resources, chromosome engineering, and crop improvement 4:195-230.
Note:
CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton - London - New York
Song, K. et al.
1988.
Brassica
taxonomy based on nuclear restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). 1. Genome evolution of diploid and amphidiploid species. Theor. Appl. Genet. 75:784-794.
URL:
http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/122
Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark.
1946-1976. Flora of Guatemala.
Takahata, Y. & K. Hinata.
1983. Studies on cytodemes in subtribe Brassicinae (Cruciferae). Tohoku J. Agric. Res. 33:111-124.
Tutin, T. G. et al., eds.
1964-1980. Flora europaea.
University of California Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program.
UC SAREP on-line cover crop database (on-line resource).
URL:
http://www.sarep.ucdavis.edu/ccrop/
Vibrans, H., ed.
Malezas de México (on-line resource).
URL:
http://www.conabio.gob.mx/malezasdemexico/brassicaceae/brassica-nigra/fichas/pagina1.htm
Wagner, W. L. et al.
1990. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawai'i
Warwick, S. I. & C. A. Sauder.
2005. Phylogeny of tribe Brassiceae (Brassicaceae) based on chloroplast restriction site polymorphisms and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer and chloroplast trnL intron sequences. Canad. J. Bot. 83:467-483.
Warwick, S. I. & L. D. Black.
1991. Molecular systematics of
Brassica
and allied genera (Subtribe Brassicinae, Brassiceae) - chloroplast genome and cytodeme congruence. Theor. Appl. Genet. 82:81-92.
URL:
http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/122
Warwick, S. I. et al.
2006. Brassicaceae: Species checklist and database on CD-Rom. Pl. Syst. Evol. 159:149-158.
URL:
http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/606
Note:
lists in database
Warwick, S. I. et al.
2006. Genetic variation of Ethiopian mustard (
Brassica carinata
A. Braun) germplasm in western Canada. Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 53:297-312.
URL:
http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/10722
Westman, A. L. & S. Kresovich.
1999. Simple sequence repeat (SSR)-based marker variation in
Brassica nigra
genebank accessions and weed populations. Euphytica 109:85-92.
Note:
Netherlands journal of plant breeding
Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds.
1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
URL:
http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=2
Zohary, M. & N. Feinbrun-Dothan.
1966-. Flora palaestina.
2018. Mid-Atlantic invasive plant species (on-line resource)
Common names
English
black mustard –
Reference(s)
Arabic
khardal –
Reference(s)
English (Canada)
black mustard –
Reference(s)
French
moutarde noire –
Reference(s)
French (Canada)
moutarde noire –
Reference(s)
German
schwarzer Senf –
Reference(s)
Senf-Kohl –
Reference(s)
Italian
senape nera –
Reference(s)
Japanese Rōmaji
kuro-garashi –
Reference(s)
Portuguese
mostarda-preta –
Reference(s)
Spanish
mostaza negra –
Reference(s)
Swedish
svartsenap –
Reference(s)
Transcribed Chinese
hei jie –
Reference(s)
Distribution
Exportable format
order_code
Status
Continent
Subcontinent
Country
State
Note
1
Native
Africa
Northeast Tropical Africa
Eritrea
1
Native
Africa
Northeast Tropical Africa
Ethiopia
1
Native
Africa
Northern Africa
Algeria
1
Native
Africa
Northern Africa
Egypt
1
Native
Africa
Northern Africa
Libya
1
Native
Africa
Northern Africa
Morocco
1
Native
Africa
Northern Africa
Tunisia
1
Native
Asia-Temperate
Caucasus
Armenia
1
Native
Asia-Temperate
China
China
Gansu Sheng
1
Native
Asia-Temperate
China
China
Jiangsu Sheng
1
Native
Asia-Temperate
China
China
Qinghai Sheng
1
Native
Asia-Temperate
China
China
Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu
1
Native
Asia-Temperate
China
China
Xizang Zizhiqu
1
Native
Asia-Temperate
Middle Asia
Kazakhstan
1
Native
Asia-Temperate
Western Asia
Afghanistan
1
Native
Asia-Temperate
Western Asia
Cyprus
1
Native
Asia-Temperate
Western Asia
Iran
1
Native
Asia-Temperate
Western Asia
Iraq
1
Native
Asia-Temperate
Western Asia
Israel
1
Native
Asia-Temperate
Western Asia
Lebanon
1
Native
Asia-Temperate
Western Asia
Syria
1
Native
Asia-Temperate
Western Asia
Turkey
1
Native
Europe
Eastern Europe
Belarus
1
Native
Europe
Eastern Europe
Moldova
1
Native
Europe
Eastern Europe
Russian Federation-European part
European part
s.
1
Native
Europe
Eastern Europe
Ukraine
1
Native
Europe
Middle Europe
Austria
1
Native
Europe
Middle Europe
Belgium
1
Native
Europe
Middle Europe
Czech Republic
1
Native
Europe
Middle Europe
Germany
1
Native
Europe
Middle Europe
Hungary
1
Native
Europe
Middle Europe
Netherlands
1
Native
Europe
Middle Europe
Poland
1
Native
Europe
Middle Europe
Slovakia
1
Native
Europe
Middle Europe
Switzerland
1
Native
Europe
Northern Europe
Ireland
1
Native
Europe
Northern Europe
United Kingdom
1
Native
Europe
Southeastern Europe
Albania
1
Native
Europe
Southeastern Europe
Bosnia and Herzegovina
1
Native
Europe
Southeastern Europe
Bulgaria
1
Native
Europe
Southeastern Europe
Croatia
1
Native
Europe
Southeastern Europe
Greece
incl. Crete
1
Native
Europe
Southeastern Europe
Italy
incl. Sardinia, Sicily
1
Native
Europe
Southeastern Europe
Montenegro
1
Native
Europe
Southeastern Europe
North Macedonia
1
Native
Europe
Southeastern Europe
Romania
1
Native
Europe
Southeastern Europe
Serbia
1
Native
Europe
Southeastern Europe
Slovenia
1
Native
Europe
Southwestern Europe
France
incl. Corsica
1
Native
Europe
Southwestern Europe
Spain
n.
2
Cultivated
widely cult.
4
Naturalized
Africa
Macaronesia
Cabo Verde
4
Naturalized
Africa
Macaronesia
Portugal
Azores
4
Naturalized
Africa
Macaronesia
Portugal
Madeira Islands
4
Naturalized
Africa
Macaronesia
Spain
Canary Islands
4
Naturalized
Africa
Northeast Tropical Africa
Ethiopia
4
Naturalized
Africa
Southern Africa
South Africa
Mpumalanga
4
Naturalized
Asia-Temperate
Eastern Asia
Japan
4
Naturalized
Asia-Tropical
Indo-China
Vietnam
4
Naturalized
Australasia
Australia
Australia
4
Naturalized
Australasia
New Zealand
New Zealand
4
Naturalized
Europe
Eastern Europe
Estonia
4
Naturalized
Europe
Eastern Europe
Latvia
4
Naturalized
Europe
Eastern Europe
Lithuania
4
Naturalized
Europe
Northern Europe
Denmark
4
Naturalized
Europe
Northern Europe
Norway
s.
4
Naturalized
Europe
Northern Europe
Sweden
s.
4
Naturalized
Europe
Southwestern Europe
Portugal
4
Naturalized
Northern America
Canada
4
Naturalized
Northern America
Mexico
4
Naturalized
Northern America
United States
4
Naturalized
Pacific
North-Central Pacific
United States
Hawaii
4
Naturalized
Pacific
North-Central Pacific
United States
United States Minor Outlying Islands
4
Naturalized
Southern America
Central America
Guatemala
4
Naturalized
Southern America
Southern South America
Argentina
4
Naturalized
Southern America
Southern South America
Chile
4
Naturalized
Southern America
Western South America
Ecuador
4
Naturalized
Southern America
Western South America
Peru
6
Other
exact native range obscure
Native
Africa
NORTHERN AFRICA:
Algeria
,
Egypt
,
Libya
,
Morocco
,
Tunisia
NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA:
Eritrea
,
Ethiopia
Asia-Temperate
WESTERN ASIA:
Afghanistan
,
Cyprus
,
Iran
,
Iraq
,
Israel
,
Lebanon
,
Syria
,
Turkey
CAUCASUS:
Armenia
MIDDLE ASIA:
Kazakhstan
CHINA:
China
[Gansu Sheng, Jiangsu Sheng, Qinghai Sheng, Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, Xizang Zizhiqu]
Europe
NORTHERN EUROPE:
United Kingdom
,
Ireland
MIDDLE EUROPE:
Austria
,
Belgium
,
Switzerland
,
Czech Republic
,
Germany
,
Hungary
,
Netherlands
,
Poland
,
Slovakia
EASTERN EUROPE:
Russian Federation-European part
[European part (s.)],
Belarus
,
Moldova
,
Ukraine
SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE:
Albania
,
Bulgaria
,
Bosnia and Herzegovina
,
Greece
(incl. Crete),
Croatia
,
Italy
(incl. Sardinia, Sicily),
North Macedonia
,
Montenegro
,
Romania
,
Serbia
,
Slovenia
SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE:
Spain
(n.),
France
(incl. Corsica)
Cultivated
(widely cult.)
Naturalized
Africa
MACARONESIA:
Cabo Verde
,
Spain
[Canary Islands],
Portugal
[Azores, Madeira Islands]
NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA:
Ethiopia
SOUTHERN AFRICA:
South Africa
[Mpumalanga]
Asia-Temperate
EASTERN ASIA:
Japan
Asia-Tropical
INDO-CHINA:
Vietnam
Australasia
AUSTRALIA:
Australia
NEW ZEALAND:
New Zealand
Europe
NORTHERN EUROPE:
Denmark
,
Norway
(s.),
Sweden
(s.)
EASTERN EUROPE:
Estonia
,
Lithuania
,
Latvia
SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE:
Portugal
Northern America
REGION:
Canada
,
Mexico
,
United States
Pacific
NORTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC:
United States
[Hawaii, United States Minor Outlying Islands]
Southern America
CENTRAL AMERICA:
Guatemala
WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA:
Ecuador
,
Peru
SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA:
Argentina
,
Chile
Other
(exact native range obscure)
Economic Uses
Usage
Type
Note
Reference
Environmental
soil improver
University of California Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program.
UC SAREP on-line cover crop database (on-line resource).
URL:
http://www.sarep.ucdavis.edu/ccrop/
Food additives
flavoring
spice
Markle, G. M. et al., eds.
1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
Medicines
folklore
McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker.
2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
Medicines
folklore
Duke, J. A. et al.
2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
Medicines
folklore
Farnsworth, N. R. & D. D. Soejarto.
1988. Global importance of medicinal plants (unpublished draft manuscript rev. 23)
Medicines
source of allyl isothiocyanate
McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker.
2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
Medicines
source of allyl isothiocyanate
Duke, J. A. et al.
2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
Medicines
source of allyl isothiocyanate
Farnsworth, N. R. & D. D. Soejarto.
1988. Global importance of medicinal plants (unpublished draft manuscript rev. 23)
Vertebrate poisons
mammals
Kingsbury, J. M.
1964. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada.
Note:
poisonous
Vertebrate poisons
mammals
Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson.
1998. Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning
Note:
poisonous
Weed
potential seed contaminant
CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland.
Documenta CIBA-GEIGY (Grass weeds 1. 1980, 2. 1981; Monocot weeds 3. 1982; Dicot weeds 1. 1988)
Note:
four books on weeds worldwide in scope
Name
References