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Taxon:  Calotropis procera (Aiton) W. T. Aiton



Summary
Genus:
Calotropis
Family:
Apocynaceae
Subfamily:
Asclepiadoideae
Tribe:
Asclepiadeae
Subtribe:
Asclepiadinae
Nomen number:
8653
Place of publication:
Hortus kew. ed. 2, 2:78. 1811
Comment:
the generic treatment and the species description in Hortus kewensis is not attributed to "Brown mss." so W. T. Aiton is the author of the name (see Shenzhen ICN 46 Ex. 25)
Verified:
07/07/2011 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
1 (1  active, 0  available) in National Plant Germplasm System.  (Map it)
Other conspecific taxa
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Basionym
Asclepias procera Aiton

No images


Reference(s)
  1. Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. et al. 1996. Flora of St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 78:1-581.
  2. Adams, C. 1972. Flowering plants of Jamaica
  3. Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource) www.skud.info
  4. Arechavaleta, M. et al., eds. 2005. Lista preliminar de especies silvestres de Cabo Verde: hongos, plantas y animales terrestres URL: http://www.azoresbioportal.angra.uac.pt/files/noticias_Check_List_Cabo_Verde.pdf
  5. Berhaut, J. 1971-. Flore illustrée du Senegal.
  6. Brandao, M. 1995. Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. Br.: uma nova invasora de pastagens já problemática em Minas Gerais (Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. Br.: a problem pasture invader in Minas Gerais). Daphne 5:68-71. URL: http://www.epamig.br/index.php?option=com_docman&task=cat_view&gid=174&Itemid=116 Note: weed in Minas Gerais, Brazil
  7. Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959-. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae.
  8. Correll, D. S. & H. B. Correll. 1982. Flora of the Bahama archipelago.
  9. Cufodontis, G. 1953-1972. Enumeratio plantarum aethiopiae: Spermatophyta.
  10. Davidse, G. et al., eds. 1994. Flora mesoamericana.
  11. Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
  12. Duke, J. A. 1985. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
  13. Erhardt, W. et al. 2008. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen
  14. Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). URL: http://www.emplantbase.org/home.html
  15. Farr, E. R. et al., eds. 1979, 1986. Index nomina genericorum Note: 1979; suppl. 1986
  16. Fontella P., J. 1996. pers. comm. Note: re. common names
  17. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource). URL: http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropListDetails?code=&relation=beginsWith&name=Calotropis+procera&quantity=1
  18. Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource). URL: http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2010/
  19. George, A. S., ed. 1980-. Flora of Australia.
  20. Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14
  21. Ghazanfar, S. A. 1992. An annotated catalogue of the vascular plants of Oman. Scripta Botanica Belgica 2
  22. Greuter, W. et al., eds. 1984-. Med-Checklist.
  23. Grierson, A. J. C. & D. J. Long. 1984-. Flora of Bhutan including a record of plants from Sikkim.
  24. Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6 URL: http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/pls/htmldb_pgrc/f?p=185:3:2422827336895397#
  25. Hansen, A. & P. Sunding. 1993. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 4. Sommerfeltia vol. 17.
  26. Hara, H. et al. 1978-1982. An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal.
  27. Hedberg, I. & S. Edwards. 1989-. Flora of Ethiopia Note: Eritrea added in 2000
  28. Hnatiuk, R. J. 1990. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11.
  29. Hokche, O. et al. 2008. Nuevo catálogo de la flora vascular de Venezuela.
  30. Holm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds
  31. Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
  32. Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource). URL: http://www.hear.org/pier/index.html
  33. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares. URL: http://www2.darwin.edu.ar/Proyectos/FloraArgentina/FA.asp
  34. Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource). URL: http://www.anbg.gov.au/common.names/
  35. Jagtap. A. P. & N. P. Singh. 1999. Asclepiadaceae. Fascicles of flora of India. 24:11-14.
  36. Kartesz, J. T. 2011. North American plant atlas. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP) URL: http://www.bonap.org/MapSwitchboard.html
  37. Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
  38. Krings, A. et al. 2005. New and rediscovered milkweeds from Cuba: Calotropis gigantea and Gonolobus stephanotrichus (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae). Willdenowia 35:315-318. URL: http://www.bgbm.org/bgbmpress/willdenowia.htm
  39. Lampe, K. F. & M. A. McCann. 1985. AMA handbook of poisonous and injurious plants Note: poisonous
  40. Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.
  41. Liogier, H. A. 1981-. Flora of Hispaniola: Part 1; La Flora de la Española. Part II-.
  42. Liogier, H. A. 1984-. Descriptive flora of Puerto Rico and adjacent islands.
  43. Mabberley, D. J. 1997. The plant-book: a portable dictionary of the vascular plants, ed. 2
  44. McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
  45. Migahid, A. M. 1988-1990. Flora of Saudi Arabia, ed. 3.
  46. Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970-. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
  47. Norton, J. et al. 2009. Illustrated checklist of the flora of Qatar. URL: http://www.unesco.org/new/uploads/media/Plant_Species_Checklist_of_Qatar.pdf
  48. Parsons, W. T. & E. G. Cuthbertson. 1992. Noxious weeds of Australia Inkata Press, Melbourne, Australia.
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  50. Proctor, G. R. 1984. Flora of the Cayman Islands. Kew Bulletin Additional Series XI.
  51. Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963-. Flora iranica.
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  53. Terrell, E. E. et al. 1986. Agricultural Handbook no. 505
  54. Thulin, M., ed. 1993-. Flora of Somalia.
  55. Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds
  56. Wood, J. R. I. 1997. A handbook of the Yemen flora.
  57. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition). URL: http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=2 Note: cultivated
  58. Zohary, M. & N. Feinbrun-Dothan. 1966-. Flora palaestina.
Common names
English
apple-of-Sodom –
auricula-tree –
cabbagetree –
camelweed –
French-cotton –
giant-milkweed –
kapoktree –
Prince-of-Wales crown –
rubberbush –
rubbertree –
small crownflower –
Sodom-apple –
Sodom's-milkweed –
swallowwort –
Arabic
ashkhar –
'ushar –
French
arbre à soie –
calotrope –
German
Mudarpflanze –
Oscherstrauch –
India
aak –
akada –
rui –
India (Hindi)
madar –
mudar –
Italian
calotropo –
Portuguese
algodão-de-seda –
Spanish
calotropis –
Swedish
gråbladig kronbuske –
unknown
akund –
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNote
1NativeAfricaEast Tropical AfricaKenya  
1NativeAfricaEast Tropical AfricaTanzania  
1NativeAfricaEast Tropical AfricaUganda  
1NativeAfricaMacaronesiaCabo Verde  
1NativeAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaEritrea  
1NativeAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaEthiopia  
1NativeAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaSomalia  
1NativeAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaSudan  
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaAlgeria  
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaEgypt  
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaLibya  
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaMorocco  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaGambia  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaGhana  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaGuinea-Bissau  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaMauritania  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaNigeria  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaSenegal  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaSierra Leone  
1NativeAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaCameroon  
1NativeAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaEquatorial GuineaBioko 
1NativeAsia-TemperateArabian PeninsulaOman  
1NativeAsia-TemperateArabian PeninsulaSaudi Arabia  
1NativeAsia-TemperateArabian PeninsulaYemen  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaAfghanistan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaEgyptSinai 
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaIran  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaIsrael  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaJordan  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentIndia  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentNepal  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentPakistan  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaMyanmar  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaThailand  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaVietnam  
4NaturalizedAfricaSouthern AfricaSouth AfricaNorth-West 
4NaturalizedAustralasiaAustraliaAustralia  
4NaturalizedNorthern America Mexico  
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSouthwestern U.S.A.United StatesCalifornias.
4NaturalizedPacificNorth-Central PacificUnited StatesHawaii 
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaBrazilBrazil  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanAnguilla  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanAntigua and Barbuda  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanBahamas  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanCayman Islands  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanCuba  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanDominican Republic  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanGuadeloupe  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanHaiti  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanJamaica  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanMartinique  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanMontserrat  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanSt. Vincent and Grenadines  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanUnited StatesPuerto Rico 
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanUnited StatesVirgin Islands, U.S. 
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanVirgin Islands (British)  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCentral AmericaCosta Rica  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCentral AmericaEl Salvador  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCentral AmericaGuatemala  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCentral AmericaHonduras  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCentral AmericaNicaragua  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCentral AmericaPanama  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaNorthern South AmericaVenezuela  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaParaguay  
Native
Africa
  • MACARONESIA: Cabo Verde
  • NORTHERN AFRICA: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco
  • NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan, Somalia
  • EAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
  • WEST-CENTRAL TROPICAL AFRICA: Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea [Bioko]
  • WEST TROPICAL AFRICA: Ghana, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mauritania, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone
Asia-Temperate
  • ARABIAN PENINSULA: Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen
  • WESTERN ASIA: Afghanistan, Egypt [Sinai], Iran, Israel, Jordan
Asia-Tropical
  • INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: India, Nepal, Pakistan
  • INDO-CHINA: Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam
Naturalized
Africa
  • SOUTHERN AFRICA: South Africa [North-West]
Australasia
  • AUSTRALIA: Australia
Northern America
  • SOUTHWESTERN U.S.A.: United States [California (s.)]
  • REGION: Mexico
Pacific
  • NORTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: United States [Hawaii]
Southern America
  • CARIBBEAN: Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Jamaica, Montserrat, Martinique, United States [Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, U.S.], St. Vincent and Grenadines, Virgin Islands (British)
  • CENTRAL AMERICA: Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, El Salvador
  • NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Venezuela
  • BRAZIL: Brazil
  • SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Paraguay
Economic Uses
UsageTypeNoteReference
Medicinesfolklore Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition). URL: http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=2 Note: cultivated
Medicinesfolklore Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
Medicinesfolklore McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
Vertebrate poisonsmammals Lampe, K. F. & M. A. McCann. 1985. AMA handbook of poisonous and injurious plants Note: poisonous
Weed  Parsons, W. T. & E. G. Cuthbertson. 1992. Noxious weeds of Australia Inkata Press, Melbourne, Australia.
Weed  Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds


ILRI Germplasm Policy (excerpts)

The International Livestock research Institute (ILRI) maintains a collection of forage germplasm as a global public good. The material was acquired prior to the entry into force of the Convention on Biological Diversity; or if it was acquired after the entering into force of the Convention on Biological Diversity, it was obtained with the understanding that it was held in trust and could be made available for any agricultural research, breeding and training purposes under the terms and conditions set out in the agreement between the ILRI and FAO dated 26 October 1994. On 16 October 2006, ILRI signed an agreement with the Governing Body of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (the Treaty) placing these in trust collections of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (PGRFA) within the purview of the Treaty.

In accordance with this Agreement, all shipments of PGRFA of crops listed in Annex 1 to the Treaty (shipments of PGRFA under the Multilateral System) will be subject to the terms and conditions of the Standard Material Transfer Agreement (SMTA). In the event that the SMTA (attached) is used for the transfer of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture other than those listed in Annex 1 of the Treaty: i) The references in the SMTA to the "Multilateral System" shall not be interpreted as limiting the application of the SMTA to Annex 1 Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, and in the case of Article 6.2 of the SMTA shall mean "under this Agreement". ii) The reference in Article 6.11 and Annex 3 of the SMTA to "Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture belonging to the same crop, as set out in Annex 1 to the Treaty" shall be taken to mean "Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture belonging to the same crop".

The material is held in trust and the recipient has no rights to obtain Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) on the material or related information. The recipient may utilize and conserve the material for research, breeding and training and may distribute it to other parties provided such parties accept the terms and conditions of the SMTA .

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