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Taxon:  Casuarina equisetifolia L.



Summary
Genus:
Casuarina
Family:
Casuarinaceae
Nomen number:
9553
Place of publication:
Amoen. acad. 4:143. 1759 "equisefolia" (J. R. Forster & G. Forster, Char. gen. pl. 104, t. 52. 1776)
Comment:
see Friis (1980) for citation; Linnaeus's diagnosis, under the name Casuarina litorea, appears on p. 123
Verified:
08/12/1998 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
1 (1  active, 1  available) in National Plant Germplasm System.  (Map it)
Other conspecific taxa
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
No images


Reference(s)
  1. Adams, C. 1972. Flowering plants of Jamaica
  2. Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource) www.skud.info
  3. Backer, C. A. & R. C. Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr. 1963-1968. Flora of Java.
  4. Bentham, G. 1863-1878. Flora australiensis
  5. Boutelje, J. B. 1980. Encyclopedia of world timbers, names and technical literature
  6. Campbell, F. T., ed. 1995. Report of National Coalition of Exotic Plant Pest Councils (unpublished draft)
  7. Conant, P. et al. 1997. Appendix. Selected plant species interfering with resource management goals in North American natural areas. Assessment and management of plant invasions. 255-267.
  8. Correll, D. S. & H. B. Correll. 1982. Flora of the Bahama archipelago.
  9. Elevitch, C. R., ed. The traditional tree initiative: species profiles for Pacific Island agroforestry (on-line resource). URL: http://www.agroforestry.net/tti/Casuarina-she-oak.pdf Note:
    • Permanent Agriculture Resources (PAR), Holualoa, Hawai'i
    • http://www.traditionaltree.org/
  10. Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage
  11. Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds. 1997. Auxiliary plants. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 11:86. URL: http://proseanet.org
  12. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource). URL: http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropListDetails?code=&relation=beginsWith&name=Casuarina+equisetifolia&quantity=1
  13. Friis, I. 1980. The authority and date of publication of the genus Casuarina and its type species. Taxon 29:500. URL: http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/iapt/tax
  14. George, A. S., ed. 1989. Flora of Australia. 3:104.
  15. Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
  16. Guillaumin, A. 1948. Flore analytique et synoptique de la Nouvelle-Caledonie.
  17. Henderson, L. 2001. Alien weeds and invasive plants: a complete guide to declared weeds and invaders in South Africa. Plant Protection Research Institute, Handbook 12
  18. Ho, K. Y. et al. 2002. An assessment of DNA polymorphisms and genetic relationships of Casuarina equisetifolia using RAPD markers. Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 43:93-98.
  19. Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource). URL: http://www.hear.org/pier/index.html
  20. Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource). URL: http://www.anbg.gov.au/common.names/
  21. Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.
  22. Liogier, H. A. & L. F. Martorell. 1982. Flora of Puerto Rico and adjacent islands: a systematic synopsis.
  23. Little, E. L., Jr. 1979. Checklist of United States trees, Agric. Handb. 541
  24. Long, R. W. & O. Lakela. 1971. A flora of tropical Florida.
  25. Nasir, S. M. & M. Athar. 1998. Fuelwood as an energy source. Phytologia 85:106. URL: http://www.phytologia.org/
  26. National Academy of Sciences. 1980. Firewood crops. Shrub and tree species for energy production
  27. Parham, J. W. 1972. Plants of the Fiji islands, revised ed.
  28. Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
  29. St. John, H. 1973. List and summary of the flowering plants in the Hawaiian islands
  30. Walker, E. 1976. Flora of Okinawa and the southern Ryukyu Islands.
  31. Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds
Common names
English
Australian beefwood –
Australian-pine –
beach casuarina –
beach she-oak –
beach-oak –
beefwoodtree –
coast she-oak –
coastal she-oak –
horsetail she-oak –
horsetailtree –
ironwood –
whistling-pine –
whistlingtree –
Afrikaans
perdestertboom –
French
bois de fer –
filao –
pin d'Australie –
German
Eisenholz –
Strandkasuarine –
Portuguese
casuarina –
pinheiro-da-Austrália –
Portuguese (Brazil)
casuarina-cinzenta –
Spanish
casuarina –
Swedish
kasuarina –
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNote
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaIndiaAndaman and Nicobar Islands 
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaMyanmar  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaThailand  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaVietnam  
1NativeAsia-TropicalMalesiaIndonesia  
1NativeAsia-TropicalMalesiaMalaysia  
1NativeAsia-TropicalMalesiaPhilippines  
1NativeAustralasiaAustraliaAustraliaNew South Walesn.e.
1NativeAustralasiaAustraliaAustraliaQueenslandn. & e.
1NativePacificNorthwestern PacificMarshall Islands  
1NativePacificNorthwestern PacificMicronesia  
1NativePacificNorthwestern PacificPalau  
1NativePacificNorthwestern PacificUnited StatesNorthern Mariana Islands 
1NativePacificSouth-Central PacificFrench Polynesia  
1NativePacificSouthwestern PacificFiji  
1NativePacificSouthwestern PacificVanuatu  
2Cultivated    also cult.
4NaturalizedAfrica Africa  
4NaturalizedAfricaWestern Indian OceanReunion  
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaJapan  
4NaturalizedNorthern America United States s.e.
4NaturalizedPacificNorth-Central PacificUnited StatesHawaii 
4NaturalizedPacificNorth-Central PacificUnited StatesUnited States Minor Outlying Islands 
4NaturalizedPacificSouth-Central PacificCook Islands  
4NaturalizedPacificSouth-Central PacificFrench Polynesia  
4NaturalizedPacificSouth-Central PacificPitcairn  
4NaturalizedPacificSouthwestern PacificNauru  
4NaturalizedPacificSouthwestern PacificNiue  
4NaturalizedPacificSouthwestern PacificSamoa  
4NaturalizedPacificSouthwestern PacificWallis and Futuna Islands  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanWest Indies  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaEcuadorGalápagos 
Native
Asia-Tropical
  • INDO-CHINA: India [Andaman and Nicobar Islands], Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam
  • MALESIA: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines
Australasia
  • AUSTRALIA: Australia [New South Wales (n.e.), Queensland (n. & e.)]
Pacific
  • NORTHWESTERN PACIFIC: Micronesia, Marshall Islands, Palau, United States [Northern Mariana Islands]
  • SOUTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: French Polynesia
  • SOUTHWESTERN PACIFIC: Fiji, Vanuatu
Cultivated (also cult.)
Naturalized
Africa
  • WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN: Reunion
  • REGION: Africa
Asia-Temperate
  • EASTERN ASIA: Japan
Northern America
  • REGION: United States (s.e.)
Pacific
  • NORTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: United States [Hawaii, United States Minor Outlying Islands]
  • SOUTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: Cook Islands, Pitcairn, French Polynesia
  • SOUTHWESTERN PACIFIC: Niue, Nauru, Wallis and Futuna Islands, Samoa
Southern America
  • CARIBBEAN: West Indies
  • WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA: Ecuador [Galápagos]
Economic Uses
UsageTypeNoteReference
Environmentalerosion controlfide Pl Res SEAs 11:86-87. 1997Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds. 1997. Auxiliary plants. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 11:86. URL: http://proseanet.org
Environmentalornamental Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds
Environmentalshade/shelterfide Pl Res SEAs 11:86-87. 1997Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds. 1997. Auxiliary plants. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 11:86. URL: http://proseanet.org
Fuelsfuelwood National Academy of Sciences. 1980. Firewood crops. Shrub and tree species for energy production
Materialsfiberfide Pl Res SEAs 11:87. 1997Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds. 1997. Auxiliary plants. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 11:86. URL: http://proseanet.org
Materialswoodfide Pl Res SEAs 11:87. 1997Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds. 1997. Auxiliary plants. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 11:86. URL: http://proseanet.org
Weedpotential seed contaminant Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds
Weedpotential seed contaminant Henderson, L. 2001. Alien weeds and invasive plants: a complete guide to declared weeds and invaders in South Africa. Plant Protection Research Institute, Handbook 12
Weedpotential seed contaminant Campbell, F. T., ed. 1995. Report of National Coalition of Exotic Plant Pest Councils (unpublished draft)


ILRI Germplasm Policy (excerpts)

The International Livestock research Institute (ILRI) maintains a collection of forage germplasm as a global public good. The material was acquired prior to the entry into force of the Convention on Biological Diversity; or if it was acquired after the entering into force of the Convention on Biological Diversity, it was obtained with the understanding that it was held in trust and could be made available for any agricultural research, breeding and training purposes under the terms and conditions set out in the agreement between the ILRI and FAO dated 26 October 1994. On 16 October 2006, ILRI signed an agreement with the Governing Body of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (the Treaty) placing these in trust collections of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (PGRFA) within the purview of the Treaty.

In accordance with this Agreement, all shipments of PGRFA of crops listed in Annex 1 to the Treaty (shipments of PGRFA under the Multilateral System) will be subject to the terms and conditions of the Standard Material Transfer Agreement (SMTA). In the event that the SMTA (attached) is used for the transfer of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture other than those listed in Annex 1 of the Treaty: i) The references in the SMTA to the "Multilateral System" shall not be interpreted as limiting the application of the SMTA to Annex 1 Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, and in the case of Article 6.2 of the SMTA shall mean "under this Agreement". ii) The reference in Article 6.11 and Annex 3 of the SMTA to "Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture belonging to the same crop, as set out in Annex 1 to the Treaty" shall be taken to mean "Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture belonging to the same crop".

The material is held in trust and the recipient has no rights to obtain Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) on the material or related information. The recipient may utilize and conserve the material for research, breeding and training and may distribute it to other parties provided such parties accept the terms and conditions of the SMTA .

ILRI will provide forage seeds in small experimental quantities of between 1 and 20 grams without charge from the germplasm collection under the SMTA as appropriate for the crop as part of its policy of maximizing the utilization of material for research, breeding and training. Larger quantities sufficient to sow up to one quarter of a hectare of a limited number of promising accessions will require that requesters cover the costs of production and shipping.

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