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Taxon:  Senna occidentalis (L.) Link



Summary
Genus:
Senna
Family:
Fabaceae (alt. Leguminosae)
Subfamily:
Caesalpinioideae
Tribe:
Cassieae
Subtribe:
Cassiinae
Nomen number:
100059
Place of publication:
Handbuch 2:140. 1831
Verified:
03/15/1987 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
20 (0  active, 0  available) in National Plant Germplasm System.  (Map it)
Other conspecific taxa
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Basionym
Cassia occidentalis L.

Homotypic Synonym(s)
Cassia occidentalis L. var. occidentalis

No images


Reference(s)
  1. Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & M. T. Strong. Flora of the West Indies (on-line resource). URL: http://botany.si.edu/Antilles/WestIndies/results.cfm
  2. Boggan, J. et al. 1997. Checklist of the plants of the Guianas, ed. 2
  3. Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. 1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45
  4. Burkart, A. E., ed. 1969-. Flora ilustrada de Entre Rios.
  5. Davidse, G. et al., eds. 1994. Flora mesoamericana.
  6. Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
  7. Funk, V. et al. 2007. Checklist of the plants of the Guiana Shield (Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolivar, Delta Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana). Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 55:1-584.
  8. George, A. S., ed. 1980-. Flora of Australia.
  9. Hnatiuk, R. J. 1990. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11.
  10. Holm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds Note: = Cassia
  11. Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
  12. Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource). URL: http://www.hear.org/pier/index.html
  13. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares. URL: http://www2.darwin.edu.ar/Proyectos/FloraArgentina/FA.asp
  14. Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource). URL: http://www.anbg.gov.au/common.names/
  15. International Legume Database & Information Service. International Legume Database and Information Service (on-line resource). URL: http://www.legumes-online.net/aweb/database.htm
  16. Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby. 1982. The American Cassiinae: a synoptical revision of Leguminosae tribe Cassieae subtribe Cassiinae in the New World. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35:436.
  17. Isely, D. 1998. Native and naturalized Leguminosae (Fabaceae) of the United States (exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii)
  18. Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez, eds. 1999. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75
  19. Kumar, S & P. V. Sane. 2003. Legumes of South Asia: a checklist.
  20. Lewis, G. P. 1987. Legumes of Bahia
  21. Lock, J. M. & C. S. Ford. 2004. Legumes of Malesia: a checklist
  22. Lock, J. M. & J. Heald. 1994. Legumes of Indochina: a checklist
  23. Lock, J. M. & K. Simpson. 1991. Legumes of West Asia: a checklist
  24. Lock, J. M. 1988. Cassia sens. lat. (Leguminosae - Caesalpinioideae) in Africa. Kew Bull. 43:340.
  25. Lock, J. M. 1989. Legumes of Africa: a checklist
  26. Luckow, M. 1996. The cultivated species of Cassia, Senna, and Chamaecrista (Leguminosae). Baileya 23:226-227.
  27. McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
  28. McVaugh, R. 1983-. Flora Novo-Galiciana.
  29. Mun-Chan, B. et al. 1986. A checklist of the Korean cultivated plants. Kulturpflanze 34:88. Note: = Cassia
  30. Parsons, W. T. & E. G. Cuthbertson. 1992. Noxious weeds of Australia Inkata Press, Melbourne, Australia. Note: = Cassia
  31. Randell, B. R. 1988. Revision of the Cassiinae in Australia. 1. Senna Miller sect. Chamaefistula (Colladon) Irwin and Barneby. J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 11:41.
  32. Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
  33. Steyermark, J. A. et al., eds. 1995-. Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana. Note: Missouri Botanical Garden & Timber Press
  34. Vossen, H. A. M. van der & M. Wessel, eds. 2000. Stimulants. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 16:111. URL: http://proseanet.org
  35. Weakley, A. S. 2011. Flora of the southern and middle Atlantic states. URL: http://www.herbarium.unc.edu/flora.htm
  36. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition). URL: http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=2
  37. Wunderlin, R. P. 1998. Guide to the vascular plants of Florida
  38. Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996, 1999. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74.
Common names
English
antbush –
coffee senna –
negro-coffee –
septicweed –
stinkingweed –
French
bentamaré –
café bâtard –
café nège –
casse-café –
casse-puante –
Spanish
bricho –
brusca –
frijolillo –
guanina –
Transcribed Korean
seoggyeolmyeong –
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNote
1NativeNorthern AmericaNorthern MexicoMexicoSinaloa 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNorthern MexicoMexicoTamaulipas 
1NativeNorthern AmericaSouthern MexicoMexicoCampeche 
1NativeNorthern AmericaSouthern MexicoMexicoColima 
1NativeNorthern AmericaSouthern MexicoMexicoJalisco 
1NativeNorthern AmericaSouthern MexicoMexicoMichoacán de Ocampo 
1NativeNorthern AmericaSouthern MexicoMexicoNayarit 
1NativeNorthern AmericaSouthern MexicoMexicoOaxaca 
1NativeNorthern AmericaSouthern MexicoMexicoQuintana Roo 
1NativeNorthern AmericaSouthern MexicoMexicoTabasco 
1NativeNorthern AmericaSouthern MexicoMexicoVeracruz de Ignacio de la Llave 
1NativeNorthern AmericaSouthern MexicoMexicoYucatán 
1NativeSouthern AmericaBrazilBrazilParaná 
1NativeSouthern AmericaBrazilBrazilRio Grande do Sul 
1NativeSouthern AmericaBrazilBrazilSanta Catarina 
1NativeSouthern AmericaCaribbeanAnguilla  
1NativeSouthern AmericaCaribbeanBahamas  
1NativeSouthern AmericaCaribbeanBarbados  
1NativeSouthern AmericaCaribbeanCayman Islands  
1NativeSouthern AmericaCaribbeanCuba  
1NativeSouthern AmericaCaribbeanDominica  
1NativeSouthern AmericaCaribbeanDominican Republic  
1NativeSouthern AmericaCaribbeanHaiti  
1NativeSouthern AmericaCaribbeanHispaniola  
1NativeSouthern AmericaCaribbeanJamaica  
1NativeSouthern AmericaCaribbeanMartinique  
1NativeSouthern AmericaCaribbeanMontserrat  
1NativeSouthern AmericaCaribbeanNetherlands AntillesSaba 
1NativeSouthern AmericaCaribbeanSt. Kitts and Nevis  
1NativeSouthern AmericaCaribbeanSt. Lucia  
1NativeSouthern AmericaCaribbeanSt. Vincent and Grenadines  
1NativeSouthern AmericaCaribbeanUnited StatesPuerto Rico 
1NativeSouthern AmericaCaribbeanUnited StatesVirgin Islands, U.S. 
1NativeSouthern AmericaCaribbeanUnited StatesVirgin Islands, U.S. 
1NativeSouthern AmericaCaribbeanUnited StatesVirgin Islands, U.S. 
1NativeSouthern AmericaCaribbeanVirgin Islands (British)Tortola 
1NativeSouthern AmericaCentral AmericaBelize  
1NativeSouthern AmericaCentral AmericaCosta Rica  
1NativeSouthern AmericaCentral AmericaEl Salvador  
1NativeSouthern AmericaCentral AmericaGuatemala  
1NativeSouthern AmericaCentral AmericaHonduras  
1NativeSouthern AmericaCentral AmericaNicaragua  
1NativeSouthern AmericaCentral AmericaPanama  
1NativeSouthern AmericaNorthern South AmericaFrench Guiana  
1NativeSouthern AmericaNorthern South AmericaGuyana  
1NativeSouthern AmericaNorthern South AmericaSuriname  
1NativeSouthern AmericaNorthern South AmericaVenezuela  
1NativeSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaArgentinaCorrientes 
1NativeSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaArgentinaEntre Ríos 
1NativeSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaArgentinaFormosa 
1NativeSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaArgentinaJujuy 
1NativeSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaArgentinaMisiones 
1NativeSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaArgentinaSalta 
1NativeSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaArgentinaSantiago del Estero 
1NativeSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaArgentinaTucumán 
1NativeSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaParaguayAlto Paraguay 
1NativeSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaParaguayAmambay 
1NativeSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaParaguayCaaguazú 
1NativeSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaParaguayCaazapá 
1NativeSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaParaguayCentral 
1NativeSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaParaguayCordillera 
1NativeSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaParaguayGuairá 
1NativeSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaParaguayÑeembucú 
1NativeSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaParaguayParaguarí 
1NativeSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaParaguayPresidente Hayes 
1NativeSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaUruguayArtigas 
1NativeSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaUruguayMontevideo 
1NativeSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaUruguayPaysandu 
1NativeSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaUruguayRio Negro 
1NativeSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaUruguaySalto 
1NativeSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaUruguaySoriano 
1NativeSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaColombia  
1NativeSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaEcuadorEsmeraldas 
1NativeSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaEcuadorLos Ríos 
1NativeSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaEcuadorManabí 
1NativeSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaPeruLoreto 
1NativeSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaPeruSan Martín 
1NativeSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaPeruUcayali 
2Cultivated    also cult.
4NaturalizedAfricaEast Tropical AfricaKenya  
4NaturalizedAfricaEast Tropical AfricaTanzania  
4NaturalizedAfricaEast Tropical AfricaUganda  
4NaturalizedAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaChad  
4NaturalizedAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaDjibouti  
4NaturalizedAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaEthiopia  
4NaturalizedAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaSudan  
4NaturalizedAfricaNorthern AfricaLibya  
4NaturalizedAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaAngola  
4NaturalizedAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaMozambique  
4NaturalizedAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaZambia  
4NaturalizedAfricaSouthern AfricaEswatini  
4NaturalizedAfricaSouthern AfricaNamibia  
4NaturalizedAfricaSouthern AfricaSouth Africa  
4NaturalizedAfricaWest Tropical AfricaCôte D'Ivoire  
4NaturalizedAfricaWest Tropical AfricaGhana  
4NaturalizedAfricaWest Tropical AfricaGuinea  
4NaturalizedAfricaWest Tropical AfricaLiberia  
4NaturalizedAfricaWest Tropical AfricaMali  
4NaturalizedAfricaWest Tropical AfricaNiger  
4NaturalizedAfricaWest Tropical AfricaNigeria  
4NaturalizedAfricaWest Tropical AfricaSenegal  
4NaturalizedAfricaWest Tropical AfricaSierra Leone  
4NaturalizedAfricaWest Tropical AfricaTogo  
4NaturalizedAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaBurundi  
4NaturalizedAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaCameroon  
4NaturalizedAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaCentral African Republic  
4NaturalizedAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaDemocratic Republic of the Congo  
4NaturalizedAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaEquatorial Guinea  
4NaturalizedAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaGabon  
4NaturalizedAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaRwanda  
4NaturalizedAfricaWestern Indian OceanSeychelles  
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateArabian PeninsulaSaudi Arabia  
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateArabian PeninsulaYemen  
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateChinaChina  
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaIran  
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaIraq  
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaLebanon  
4NaturalizedAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentBangladesh  
4NaturalizedAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentBhutan  
4NaturalizedAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentIndia  
4NaturalizedAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentMaldives  
4NaturalizedAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentNepal  
4NaturalizedAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentPakistan  
4NaturalizedAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentSri Lanka  
4NaturalizedAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaCambodia  
4NaturalizedAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaIndiaAndaman and Nicobar Islands 
4NaturalizedAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaLaos  
4NaturalizedAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaThailand  
4NaturalizedAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaVietnam  
4NaturalizedAsia-TropicalMalesiaBrunei Darussalam  
4NaturalizedAsia-TropicalMalesiaChristmas Island  
4NaturalizedAsia-TropicalMalesiaIndonesiaJawa 
4NaturalizedAsia-TropicalMalesiaIndonesiaKalimantan 
4NaturalizedAsia-TropicalMalesiaIndonesiaLesser Sunda Islands 
4NaturalizedAsia-TropicalMalesiaIndonesiaMaluku 
4NaturalizedAsia-TropicalMalesiaIndonesiaSulawesi 
4NaturalizedAsia-TropicalMalesiaIndonesiaSumatera 
4NaturalizedAsia-TropicalMalesiaMalaysia  
4NaturalizedAsia-TropicalMalesiaPhilippines  
4NaturalizedAsia-TropicalMalesiaSingapore  
4NaturalizedAsia-TropicalPapuasiaIndonesiaPapua Barat 
4NaturalizedAsia-TropicalPapuasiaPapua New Guinea  
4NaturalizedAsia-TropicalPapuasiaSolomon Islands  
4NaturalizedAustralasiaAustraliaAustralia  
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNorth-Central U.S.A.United StatesOklahoma 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSouth-Central U.S.A.United StatesTexas 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesAlabama 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesArkansas 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesFlorida 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesGeorgia 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesMississippi 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesNorth Carolina 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesSouth Carolina 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesTennessee 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesVirginia 
4NaturalizedPacificNorth-Central PacificUnited StatesHawaii 
4NaturalizedPacificNorthwestern PacificMarshall Islands  
4NaturalizedPacificNorthwestern PacificMicronesia  
4NaturalizedPacificNorthwestern PacificPalau  
4NaturalizedPacificNorthwestern PacificUnited StatesNorthern Mariana Islands 
4NaturalizedPacificSouth-Central PacificFrench Polynesia  
4NaturalizedPacificSouth-Central PacificPitcairn  
4NaturalizedPacificSouthwestern PacificFiji  
4NaturalizedPacificSouthwestern PacificNauru  
4NaturalizedPacificSouthwestern PacificNew Caledonia  
4NaturalizedPacificSouthwestern PacificNiue  
4NaturalizedPacificSouthwestern PacificSamoa  
4NaturalizedPacificSouthwestern PacificTonga  
6Other    exact native range obscure
Native
Northern America
  • NORTHERN MEXICO: Mexico [Sinaloa, Tamaulipas]
  • SOUTHERN MEXICO: Mexico [Campeche, Colima, Jalisco, Michoacán de Ocampo, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave, Yucatán]
Southern America
  • CARIBBEAN: Hispaniola, Anguilla, Netherlands Antilles [Saba], Bahamas, Barbados, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, Montserrat, Martinique, United States [Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, U.S., Virgin Islands, U.S., Virgin Islands, U.S.], St. Vincent and Grenadines, Virgin Islands (British) [Tortola]
  • CENTRAL AMERICA: Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, El Salvador
  • NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela
  • BRAZIL: Brazil [Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina]
  • WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA: Colombia, Ecuador [Esmeraldas, Los Ríos, Manabí], Peru [Loreto, San Martín, Ucayali]
  • SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina [Corrientes, Entre Ríos, Formosa, Jujuy, Misiones, Salta, Santiago del Estero, Tucumán], Paraguay [Amambay, Caaguazú, Caazapá, Central, Cordillera, Guairá, Ñeembucú, Alto Paraguay, Paraguarí, Presidente Hayes], Uruguay [Artigas, Montevideo, Paysandu, Rio Negro, Salto, Soriano]
Cultivated (also cult.)
Naturalized
Africa
  • NORTHERN AFRICA: Libya
  • NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Djibouti, Ethiopia, Sudan, Chad
  • EAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
  • WEST-CENTRAL TROPICAL AFRICA: Burundi, Central African Republic, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, Rwanda
  • WEST TROPICAL AFRICA: Côte D'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo
  • SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA: Angola, Mozambique, Zambia
  • SOUTHERN AFRICA: Namibia, Eswatini, South Africa
  • WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN: Seychelles
Asia-Temperate
  • ARABIAN PENINSULA: Saudi Arabia, Yemen
  • WESTERN ASIA: Iran, Iraq, Lebanon
  • CHINA: China
Asia-Tropical
  • INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan
  • PAPUASIA: Indonesia [Papua Barat], Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands
  • INDO-CHINA: India [Andaman and Nicobar Islands], Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam
  • MALESIA: Brunei Darussalam, Christmas Island, Indonesia [Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Jawa, Lesser Sunda Islands, Maluku, Sumatera], Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore
Australasia
  • AUSTRALIA: Australia
Northern America
  • NORTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.: United States [Oklahoma]
  • SOUTHEASTERN U.S.A.: United States [Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia]
  • SOUTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.: United States [Texas]
Pacific
  • NORTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: United States [Hawaii]
  • NORTHWESTERN PACIFIC: Micronesia, Marshall Islands, Palau, United States [Northern Mariana Islands]
  • SOUTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: Pitcairn, French Polynesia
  • SOUTHWESTERN PACIFIC: Fiji, New Caledonia, Niue, Nauru, Tonga, Samoa
Other (exact native range obscure)
Economic Uses
UsageTypeNoteReference
Environmentalornamental Vossen, H. A. M. van der & M. Wessel, eds. 2000. Stimulants. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 16:111. URL: http://proseanet.org
Human foodbeverage base Vossen, H. A. M. van der & M. Wessel, eds. 2000. Stimulants. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 16:111. URL: http://proseanet.org
Human foodfruit Vossen, H. A. M. van der & M. Wessel, eds. 2000. Stimulants. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 16:111. URL: http://proseanet.org
Human foodvegetable Vossen, H. A. M. van der & M. Wessel, eds. 2000. Stimulants. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 16:111. URL: http://proseanet.org
Medicinesfolklorefide CRC MedHerbs ed2; Herbs Commerce ed2; Pl Res SEAs 16:111. 2000McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
Socialstimulant Vossen, H. A. M. van der & M. Wessel, eds. 2000. Stimulants. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 16:111. URL: http://proseanet.org
Vertebrate poisonsmammalsfide Kingsbury, as Cassia occidentalis; Lampe & McCann, as Cassia occidentalis; Pl Res SEAs 16:111. 2000Vossen, H. A. M. van der & M. Wessel, eds. 2000. Stimulants. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 16:111. URL: http://proseanet.org
Weed  Parsons, W. T. & E. G. Cuthbertson. 1992. Noxious weeds of Australia Inkata Press, Melbourne, Australia. Note: = Cassia


ILRI Germplasm Policy (excerpts)

The International Livestock research Institute (ILRI) maintains a collection of forage germplasm as a global public good. The material was acquired prior to the entry into force of the Convention on Biological Diversity; or if it was acquired after the entering into force of the Convention on Biological Diversity, it was obtained with the understanding that it was held in trust and could be made available for any agricultural research, breeding and training purposes under the terms and conditions set out in the agreement between the ILRI and FAO dated 26 October 1994. On 16 October 2006, ILRI signed an agreement with the Governing Body of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (the Treaty) placing these in trust collections of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (PGRFA) within the purview of the Treaty.

In accordance with this Agreement, all shipments of PGRFA of crops listed in Annex 1 to the Treaty (shipments of PGRFA under the Multilateral System) will be subject to the terms and conditions of the Standard Material Transfer Agreement (SMTA). In the event that the SMTA (attached) is used for the transfer of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture other than those listed in Annex 1 of the Treaty: i) The references in the SMTA to the "Multilateral System" shall not be interpreted as limiting the application of the SMTA to Annex 1 Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, and in the case of Article 6.2 of the SMTA shall mean "under this Agreement". ii) The reference in Article 6.11 and Annex 3 of the SMTA to "Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture belonging to the same crop, as set out in Annex 1 to the Treaty" shall be taken to mean "Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture belonging to the same crop".

The material is held in trust and the recipient has no rights to obtain Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) on the material or related information. The recipient may utilize and conserve the material for research, breeding and training and may distribute it to other parties provided such parties accept the terms and conditions of the SMTA .

ILRI will provide forage seeds in small experimental quantities of between 1 and 20 grams without charge from the germplasm collection under the SMTA as appropriate for the crop as part of its policy of maximizing the utilization of material for research, breeding and training. Larger quantities sufficient to sow up to one quarter of a hectare of a limited number of promising accessions will require that requesters cover the costs of production and shipping.

ILRI makes no warranties as to the safety or title of the material, nor as to the accuracy or correctness of any passport or other data provided with the material. Neither does it make any warranties as to the quality, viability, or purity (genetic or mechanical) of the material being furnished. The phytosanitary condition of the material is warranted only as described in the attached phytosanitary certificate. The recipient assumes full responsibility for complying with the recipient nation’s quarantine and biosafety regulations and rules as to import or release of genetic material.