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Taxon:
Echinochloa crus-galli
(L.) P. Beauv.
Nomenclature
Common Names
Distribution
Economic Uses
Summary
Genus:
Echinochloa
Family:
Poaceae
(alt. Gramineae)
Subfamily:
Panicoideae
Tribe:
Paniceae
Subtribe:
Boivinellinae
Nomen number:
14823
Place of publication:
Ess. Agrostogr. 53, 161, 169, t. 11, fig. 2. 1812 "
crus galli
"
Protologue link:
https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/394240
Comment:
combination made in index
allohexaploid (2n=54)
Verified:
03/05/1992
ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
1
(
1
active,
0
available)
in National Plant Germplasm System.
(Map it)
Other conspecific taxa
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Basionym
Panicum crus-galli
L.
Autonym(s)
Echinochloa crus-galli
(L.) P. Beauv. subsp.
crus-galli
Echinochloa crus-galli
(L.) P. Beauv. var.
crus-galli
Homotypic Synonym(s)
Panicum crus-galli
L. var.
crus-galli
Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Echinochloa crus-galli
(L.) P. Beauv. subsp.
spiralis
(Vasinger) Tzvelev
Echinochloa crus-galli
(L.) P. Beauv. var.
edulis
Hitchc.
Echinochloa crus-galli
(L.) P. Beauv. var.
formosensis
Ohwi
Echinochloa crus-galli
(L.) P. Beauv. var.
mitis
(Pursh) Peterm.
Echinochloa spiralis
Vasinger
Echinochloa zelayensis
(Kunth) Schult.
Echinochloa zelayensis
(Kunth) Schult. var.
zelayensis
Oplismenus zelayensis
Kunth
Panicum crus-galli
L. var.
mite
Pursh
No images
Reference(s)
Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson.
2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
www.skud.info
Aoki, D. & H. Yamaguchi.
2008. Genetic relationship between
Echinochloa crus-galli
and
Echinochloa oryzicola
accessions inferred from internal transcribed spacer and chloroplast DNA sequences. Weed Biol. Managem. 8:233-242.
Note:
it supported
Echinochloa oryzicola
as paternal donor, but maternal one is unknown
Botanical Society of the British Isles.
BSBI taxon database (on-line resource).
URL:
http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/BSBI/taxonsearch.php
Boulos, L. & M. N. El-Hadidi.
1984. The weeds of Egypt.
Boulos, L.
1999-. Flora of Egypt
Catasús Guerra, L. J.
2002. Las gramíneas (Poaceae) de Cuba, II. Cavanillesia Altera 3:1-163.
CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland.
1974. The CIBA-GEIGY Weed Tables
Darbyshire, S. J.
2003. Inventory of Canadian Agricultural Weeds Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 45.
Note:
lists as
Echinochloa crusgalli
Demilly, D. et al.
2001. Liste alphabétique des principales espèces de plantes cultivées et de mauvaises herbes. Noms latins et noms français, ed. 7
Note:
GEVES-SNES, Beaucouzé, France
Erhardt, W. et al.
2002. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 17. Auflage
Euro+Med Editorial Committee.
Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
URL:
http://www.emplantbase.org/home.html
FNA Editorial Committee.
1993-. Flora of North America.
URL:
http://floranorthamerica.org/
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).
2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
URL:
http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropListDetails?code=&relation=beginsWith&name=Echinochloa+crus-galli&quantity=1
Gould, F. W. et al.
1972. A revision of
Echinochloa
in the United States. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 87:53.
Holm, L. et al.
1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds
Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry.
Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
URL:
http://www.hear.org/pier/index.html
Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS).
Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
URL:
http://www.anbg.gov.au/common.names/
International Development Consortium.
Invasive species compendium (on-line resource).
URL:
http://www.cabi.org/isc/Default.aspx?
Mun-Chan, B. et al.
1986. A checklist of the Korean cultivated plants. Kulturpflanze 34:97.
Nozawa, S. et al.
2006. Difference in SSR variations between Japanese barnyard millet (
Echinochloa esculenta
) and its wild relative
E. crus-galli
. Breed. Sci. 56:335-340.
Porcher, M. H. et al.
Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
URL:
http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Frontpage.html
Rehm, S.
1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Seed Regulatory and Testing Division, Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S.D.A.
State noxious-weed seed requirements recognized in the administration of the Federal Seed Act (updated annually).
URL:
http://www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/getfile?dDocName=STELPRDC5090172
Skvortsov, A. K., ed.
2006. Flora of the Lower Volga region 1:129.
Note:
lists as"
Echinochloa crusgalli
"
't Mannetje, L. & R. M. Jones, eds.
1992. Forages. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 4:126-127.
URL:
http://proseanet.org
Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest.
1966-. Flora of Iraq.
Turrill, W. B. et al., eds.
1952-. Flora of tropical East Africa.
Tutin, T. G. et al., eds.
1964-1980. Flora europaea.
Tzvelev, N. N.
1976. Zlaki SSSR
Vibrans, H., ed.
Malezas de México (on-line resource).
URL:
http://www.conabio.gob.mx/malezasdemexico/poaceae/echinochloa-crus-galli/fichas/pagina1.htm
Webster, R. K.
1992. Compendium of rice diseases. The disease compendium series. 18.
Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds.
1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
URL:
http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=2
Note:
= "
Echinochloa crusgalli
" with six varieties
Yabuno, T.
1962. Cytotaxonomic studies on the two cultivated species and the wild relatives in the genus
Echinochloa
. Cytologia 27:296-305.
Note:
hexaploid populations of
Echinochloa crus-galli
considered wild forms of
E. esculenta
(as "
E. utilis
")
Yabuno, T.
1987. Japanese barnyard millet (
Echinochloa utilis
, Poaceae) in Japan. Econ. Bot. 41:484-493.
URL:
http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/12231
Note:
proposed as progenitor of
Echinochloa esculenta
(as
E. utilis
)
Yamaguchi, H. et al.
2005. A molecular phylogeny of wild and cultivated
Echinochloa
in East Asia inferred from non-coding region sequences of
trn
T-L-F. Weed Biol. Managem. 5:210-218.
Note:
The weed society of Japan
Ye, C.-Y. et al.
2014.
Echinochloa
chloroplast genomes: Insights into the evolution and taxonomic identification of two weedy species. PLoS One 9(11): e113657.
URL:
http://www.plosone.org/
Note:
identification of samples used for genome sequencing was based on morphology, cytology and a cp-marker (
trn
T-L-F); it detected genomic variation between
Echinochloa crus-galli
and
E. oryzoides
Zuloaga, F. O. et al.
2003. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): III. Subfamilies Panicoideae, Aristidoideae, Arundinoideae, and Danthonioideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 46:217.
2018. Mid-Atlantic invasive plant species (on-line resource)
Common names
English
barnyard grass –
Reference(s)
barnyard millet –
Reference(s)
cocksfoot grass –
Reference(s)
cockshin grass –
Reference(s)
cockspur –
Reference(s)
cockspur grass –
Reference(s)
cockspur-panic –
Reference(s)
water grass –
Reference(s)
wild millet –
Reference(s)
Arabic
denieba –
Reference(s)
English (Canada)
barnyard grass –
Reference(s)
French
echinochloa pied-de-coq –
Reference(s)
panic pied-de-coq –
Reference(s)
pied de coq –
Reference(s)
French (Canada)
échinochloa pied-de-coq –
Reference(s)
German
gewöhnliche Hühnerhirse –
Reference(s)
Hühnerhirse –
Reference(s)
India
sanwak –
Reference(s)
Spanish
arrocillo –
Reference(s)
pata de gallo –
Reference(s)
pie de gallina –
Reference(s)
zacate de agua –
Reference(s)
Swedish
hönshirs –
Reference(s)
Transcribed Korean
pi –
Reference(s)
Distribution
Exportable format
order_code
Status
Continent
Subcontinent
Country
State
Note
1
Native
Europe
Eastern Europe
Russian Federation
Astrakhan
1
Native
Europe
Eastern Europe
Russian Federation
Kalmykia
1
Native
Europe
Eastern Europe
Russian Federation
Saratov
1
Native
Europe
Eastern Europe
Russian Federation
Volgograd
4
Naturalized
Africa
East Tropical Africa
Tanzania
4
Naturalized
Africa
East Tropical Africa
Uganda
4
Naturalized
Africa
Northeast Tropical Africa
Sudan
4
Naturalized
Africa
Northern Africa
Egypt
4
Naturalized
Africa
Northern Africa
Morocco
4
Naturalized
Africa
Northern Africa
Tunisia
4
Naturalized
Africa
South Tropical Africa
Mozambique
4
Naturalized
Africa
Southern Africa
Eswatini
4
Naturalized
Africa
Southern Africa
South Africa
4
Naturalized
Africa
West Tropical Africa
Guinea
4
Naturalized
Africa
West Tropical Africa
Senegal
4
Naturalized
Africa
Western Indian Ocean
Madagascar
4
Naturalized
Africa
Western Indian Ocean
Mauritius
4
Naturalized
Asia-Temperate
China
China
4
Naturalized
Asia-Temperate
Eastern Asia
Japan
4
Naturalized
Asia-Temperate
Eastern Asia
Korea
4
Naturalized
Asia-Temperate
Eastern Asia
Taiwan
4
Naturalized
Asia-Temperate
Middle Asia
Uzbekistan
4
Naturalized
Asia-Temperate
Western Asia
Afghanistan
4
Naturalized
Asia-Temperate
Western Asia
Iran
4
Naturalized
Asia-Temperate
Western Asia
Iraq
4
Naturalized
Asia-Temperate
Western Asia
Israel
4
Naturalized
Asia-Temperate
Western Asia
Lebanon
4
Naturalized
Asia-Temperate
Western Asia
Turkey
4
Naturalized
Asia-Tropical
Indian Subcontinent
Bangladesh
4
Naturalized
Asia-Tropical
Indian Subcontinent
Bhutan
4
Naturalized
Asia-Tropical
Indian Subcontinent
India
4
Naturalized
Asia-Tropical
Indian Subcontinent
Nepal
4
Naturalized
Asia-Tropical
Indian Subcontinent
Pakistan
4
Naturalized
Asia-Tropical
Indian Subcontinent
Sri Lanka
4
Naturalized
Asia-Tropical
Indo-China
Cambodia
4
Naturalized
Asia-Tropical
Indo-China
Laos
4
Naturalized
Asia-Tropical
Indo-China
Myanmar
4
Naturalized
Asia-Tropical
Indo-China
Thailand
4
Naturalized
Asia-Tropical
Indo-China
Vietnam
4
Naturalized
Asia-Tropical
Malesia
Indonesia
4
Naturalized
Asia-Tropical
Malesia
Malaysia
4
Naturalized
Asia-Tropical
Malesia
Philippines
4
Naturalized
Australasia
Australia
Australia
4
Naturalized
Europe
Eastern Europe
Belarus
4
Naturalized
Europe
Eastern Europe
Estonia
4
Naturalized
Europe
Eastern Europe
Ukraine
4
Naturalized
Europe
Middle Europe
Austria
4
Naturalized
Europe
Middle Europe
Belgium
4
Naturalized
Europe
Middle Europe
Czech Republic
4
Naturalized
Europe
Middle Europe
Germany
4
Naturalized
Europe
Middle Europe
Netherlands
4
Naturalized
Europe
Middle Europe
Switzerland
4
Naturalized
Europe
Northern Europe
Denmark
4
Naturalized
Europe
Northern Europe
Norway
4
Naturalized
Northern America
Mexico
4
Naturalized
Northern America
North America
4
Naturalized
Pacific
North-Central Pacific
United States
Hawaii
4
Naturalized
Pacific
North-Central Pacific
United States
United States Minor Outlying Islands
4
Naturalized
Pacific
North-Central Pacific
United States
United States Minor Outlying Islands
4
Naturalized
Pacific
Northwestern Pacific
Marshall Islands
4
Naturalized
Pacific
Northwestern Pacific
Micronesia
4
Naturalized
Pacific
South-Central Pacific
French Polynesia
4
Naturalized
Pacific
Southwestern Pacific
Fiji
4
Naturalized
Pacific
Southwestern Pacific
New Caledonia
4
Naturalized
Southern America
Brazil
Brazil
4
Naturalized
Southern America
Caribbean
West Indies
4
Naturalized
Southern America
Northern South America
Venezuela
4
Naturalized
Southern America
Southern South America
Argentina
4
Naturalized
Southern America
Southern South America
Chile
4
Naturalized
Southern America
Southern South America
Paraguay
4
Naturalized
Southern America
Southern South America
Uruguay
4
Naturalized
Southern America
Western South America
Colombia
4
Naturalized
Southern America
Western South America
Peru
6
Other
origin obscure, likely tropical Asia
Native
Europe
EASTERN EUROPE:
Russian Federation
[Astrakhan, Kalmykia, Saratov, Volgograd]
Naturalized
Africa
NORTHERN AFRICA:
Egypt
,
Morocco
,
Tunisia
NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA:
Sudan
EAST TROPICAL AFRICA:
Tanzania
,
Uganda
WEST TROPICAL AFRICA:
Guinea
,
Senegal
SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA:
Mozambique
SOUTHERN AFRICA:
Eswatini
,
South Africa
WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN:
Madagascar
,
Mauritius
Asia-Temperate
WESTERN ASIA:
Afghanistan
,
Iran
,
Iraq
,
Israel
,
Lebanon
,
Turkey
MIDDLE ASIA:
Uzbekistan
CHINA:
China
EASTERN ASIA:
Korea
,
Japan
,
Taiwan
Asia-Tropical
INDIAN SUBCONTINENT:
Bangladesh
,
Bhutan
,
India
,
Sri Lanka
,
Nepal
,
Pakistan
INDO-CHINA:
Cambodia
,
Laos
,
Myanmar
,
Thailand
,
Vietnam
MALESIA:
Indonesia
,
Malaysia
,
Philippines
Australasia
AUSTRALIA:
Australia
Europe
NORTHERN EUROPE:
Denmark
,
Norway
MIDDLE EUROPE:
Austria
,
Belgium
,
Switzerland
,
Czech Republic
,
Germany
,
Netherlands
EASTERN EUROPE:
Belarus
,
Estonia
,
Ukraine
Northern America
REGION:
North America
,
Mexico
Pacific
NORTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC:
United States
[Hawaii, United States Minor Outlying Islands, United States Minor Outlying Islands]
NORTHWESTERN PACIFIC:
Micronesia
,
Marshall Islands
SOUTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC:
French Polynesia
SOUTHWESTERN PACIFIC:
Fiji
,
New Caledonia
Southern America
CARIBBEAN:
West Indies
NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICA:
Venezuela
BRAZIL:
Brazil
WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA:
Colombia
,
Peru
SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA:
Argentina
,
Chile
,
Paraguay
,
Uruguay
Other
(origin obscure, likely tropical Asia)
Economic Uses
Usage
Type
Note
Reference
Harmful organism host
crop diseases
Webster, R. K.
1992. Compendium of rice diseases. The disease compendium series. 18.
Weed
potential seed contaminant
fide Geigy Weed Tables. 1968
CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland.
1974. The CIBA-GEIGY Weed Tables
Name
References