Taxon:
Helleborus niger L.
Summary
Place of publication:
Sp. pl. 1:558. 1753
Verified:
04/14/2009
ARS Systematic Botanists.
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Reference(s)
- Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource) www.skud.info
- Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson. 1998. Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning Note: poisonous
- Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
- Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage
- Erhardt, W. et al. 2008. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen
- Greuter, W. et al., eds. 1984-. Med-Checklist.
- Greuter, W. et al., eds. 2000. International code of botanical nomenclature (Saint Louis Code) Art. 23.5, Ex. 5. URL: http://www.bgbm.org/iapt/nomenclature/code/SaintLouis/0000St.Luistitle.htm
- Hess, H. E. et al. 1976. Flora der Schweiz, ed. 2.
- Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
- Jalas, J. & J. Suominen. 1972-. Atlas florae europaeae.
- Kingsbury, J. M. 1964. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada. Note: poisonous
- Lampe, K. F. & M. A. McCann. 1985. AMA handbook of poisonous and injurious plants Note: poisonous
- Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.
- Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
- Walters, S. M. et al., eds. 1986-2000. European garden flora.
Common names
English
black helleborus – Christmas-rose – French
hellébore noire – rose de Noël – German
Christrose – schwarze Nieswurz – Swedish
julros –
Distribution
order_code | Status | Continent | Subcontinent | Country | State | Note |
1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Austria | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Germany | | s. |
1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Switzerland | | e. |
1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Bosnia and Herzegovina | | n.w.? |
1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Croatia | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Italy | | n. |
1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Slovenia | | |
2 | Cultivated | | | | | also cult. |
4 | Naturalized | Europe | Middle Europe | Czech Republic | | |
4 | Naturalized | Europe | Middle Europe | Germany | | |
Native
Europe
-
MIDDLE EUROPE:
Austria, Switzerland (e.), Germany (s.)
-
SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE:
Bosnia and Herzegovina (n.w.?), Croatia, Italy (n.), Slovenia
Cultivated
(also cult.)
Naturalized
Europe
-
MIDDLE EUROPE:
Czech Republic, Germany
Economic Uses
Usage | Type | Note | Reference |
Environmental | ornamental | | Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. |
Environmental | ornamental | | Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening |
Medicines | folklore | | Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs |
Vertebrate poisons | mammals | | Kingsbury, J. M. 1964. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada. Note: poisonous |
Vertebrate poisons | mammals | | Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson. 1998. Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning Note: poisonous |
Vertebrate poisons | mammals | | Lampe, K. F. & M. A. McCann. 1985. AMA handbook of poisonous and injurious plants Note: poisonous |