Taxon:
Lithospermum officinale L.
Summary
Place of publication:
Sp. pl. 1:132. 1753
Verified:
05/02/1995
ARS Systematic Botanists.
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Reference(s)
- Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource) www.skud.info
- Bennett, M. 2003. Pulmonarias and the Borage family 207.
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India. 1948-1976. The wealth of India: a dictionary of Indian raw materials and industrial products. Raw materials.
- Darbyshire, S. J. 2003. Inventory of Canadian Agricultural Weeds Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 203.
- Davis, P. H., ed. 1965-1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
- Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
- Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage
- Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). URL: http://www.emplantbase.org/home.html
- Greuter, W. et al., eds. 1984-. Med-Checklist.
- Hara, H. et al. 1978-1982. An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal.
- Holm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds
- Johnston, I. M. 1952. Studies in the Boraginaceae, XXIII. A survey of the genus Lithospermum. J. Arnold Arbor. 33:342.
- Kartesz, J. T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland.
- Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
- Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.
- McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
- Personal Care Products Council. INCI URL: http://www.personalcarecouncil.org/public/what-inci
- Pignatti, S. 1982. Flora d'Italia.
- Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963-. Flora iranica.
- Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
- Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
- Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition). URL: http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=2
Common names
English
common gromwell – gromwell – pearl gromwell – English (Canada)
pearl gromwell – French
grémil officinal – millet d'amour – perlière – French (Canada)
grémil officinal – German
echter Steinsame – Italian
erba-perla maggiore – Portuguese
aljôfar – Spanish
mijo de sol – Swedish
stenfrö – Transcribed Chinese
xiao hua zi cao – Transliterated Russian
vorobejnik lekarstvennyj –
Distribution
order_code | Status | Continent | Subcontinent | Country | State | Note |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Caucasus | Armenia | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Caucasus | Azerbaijan | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Caucasus | Georgia | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Caucasus | Russian Federation | Dagestan | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Caucasus | Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia | Ciscaucasia | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | China | China | Gansu Sheng | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | China | China | Nei Mongol Zizhiqu | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | China | China | Ningxia Huizi Zizhiqu | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | China | China | Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu | n. |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Middle Asia | Kazakhstan | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Middle Asia | Kyrgyzstan | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Middle Asia | Tajikistan | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Middle Asia | Turkmenistan | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Middle Asia | Uzbekistan | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Mongolia | Mongolia | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Siberia | Russian Federation-Eastern Siberia | Eastern Siberia | w. |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Siberia | Russian Federation-Western Siberia | Western Siberia | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Afghanistan | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Iran | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Lebanon | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Syria | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Tropical | Indian Subcontinent | Bhutan | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Tropical | Indian Subcontinent | India | | n. |
1 | Native | Asia-Tropical | Indian Subcontinent | Nepal | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Tropical | Indian Subcontinent | Pakistan | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Eastern Europe | Belarus | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Eastern Europe | Estonia | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Eastern Europe | Latvia | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Eastern Europe | Lithuania | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Eastern Europe | Moldova | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Eastern Europe | Russian Federation-European part | European part | |
1 | Native | Europe | Eastern Europe | Ukraine | | incl. Krym |
1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Austria | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Belgium | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Czech Republic | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Germany | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Hungary | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Netherlands | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Poland | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Slovakia | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Switzerland | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Northern Europe | Denmark | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Northern Europe | Ireland | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Northern Europe | Norway | | s. |
1 | Native | Europe | Northern Europe | Sweden | | s. |
1 | Native | Europe | Northern Europe | United Kingdom | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Albania | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Bulgaria | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Croatia | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Greece | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Italy | | incl. Sardinia, Sicily |
1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Romania | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Serbia | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Slovenia | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Southwestern Europe | France | | incl. Corsica |
1 | Native | Europe | Southwestern Europe | Portugal | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Southwestern Europe | Spain | | incl. Baleares |
4 | Naturalized | | | | | natzd. elsewhere |
Native
Asia-Temperate
-
WESTERN ASIA:
Afghanistan, Iran, Lebanon, Syria
-
CAUCASUS:
Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia [Ciscaucasia], Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russian Federation [Dagestan]
-
SIBERIA:
Russian Federation-Western Siberia [Western Siberia], Russian Federation-Eastern Siberia [Eastern Siberia (w.)]
-
MIDDLE ASIA:
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
-
MONGOLIA:
Mongolia
-
CHINA:
China [Gansu Sheng, Nei Mongol Zizhiqu, Ningxia Huizi Zizhiqu, Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu (n.)]
Asia-Tropical
-
INDIAN SUBCONTINENT:
Bhutan, India (n.), Nepal, Pakistan
Europe
-
NORTHERN EUROPE:
Denmark, United Kingdom, Ireland, Norway (s.), Sweden (s.)
-
MIDDLE EUROPE:
Austria, Belgium, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia
-
EASTERN EUROPE:
Russian Federation-European part [European part], Belarus, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Moldova, Ukraine (incl. Krym)
-
SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE:
Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Croatia, Italy (incl. Sardinia, Sicily), Romania, Serbia, Slovenia
-
SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE:
Spain (incl. Baleares), France (incl. Corsica), Portugal
Naturalized
(natzd. elsewhere)
Economic Uses
Usage | Type | Note | Reference |
Medicines | folklore | | Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs |
Medicines | folklore | | McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland. |
Medicines | folklore | | Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India. 1948-1976. The wealth of India: a dictionary of Indian raw materials and industrial products. Raw materials. |
Weed | | | Holm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds |