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Taxon:
Malus sylvestris
(L.) Mill.
Nomenclature
Common Names
Distribution
Economic Uses
Summary
Genus:
Malus
Section:
Malus
Family:
Rosaceae
Subfamily:
Amygdaloideae
Tribe:
Maleae
Subtribe:
Malinae
Nomen number:
23279
Place of publication:
Gard. dict. ed. 8:
Malus
no. 1. 1768
Comment:
non
Malus sylvestris
auct. (=
M. domestica
Borkh.)
Verified:
07/01/2011
ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
0
(
0
active,
0
available)
in National Plant Germplasm System.
Other conspecific taxa
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Autonym(s)
Malus sylvestris
(L.) Mill. subsp.
sylvestris
Malus sylvestris
(L.) Mill. var.
sylvestris
No images
Reference(s)
Afonin, A. N., S. L. Greene, N. I. Dzyubenko, & A. N. Frolov, eds.
Interactive agricultural ecological atlas of Russia and neighboring countries. Economic plants and their diseases, pests and weeds (on-line resource).
URL:
http://www.agroatlas.ru/en/content/related/Malus_sylvestris/
Campbell, F. T., ed.
1995. Report of National Coalition of Exotic Plant Pest Councils (unpublished draft)
Coart, E. et al.
2006. Chloroplast diversity in the genus
Malus
:new insights into the relationship between the European wild apple (
Malus sylvestris
(L.) Mill.) and the domesticated apple (
Malus domestica
Borkh.). Molec. Ecol. 15:2171-2182.
Note:
see Nikiforova et al. 2013 for clarifying sequences used in this study
Czerepanov, S. K.
1995. Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (the former USSR) Cambridge University Press.
Erhardt, W. et al.
2000. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 16. Auflage
Erhardt, W. et al.
2002. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 17. Auflage
Euro+Med Editorial Committee.
Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
URL:
http://www.emplantbase.org/home.html
Facciola, S.
1990. Cornucopia, a source book of edible plants Kampong Publications.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).
2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
URL:
http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropListDetails?code=&relation=beginsWith&name=Malus+sylvestris&quantity=1
Forte, A. V. et al.
2002. Phylogeny of the
Malus
(apple tree) species, inferred from the morphological traits and molecular DNA analysis. Russian J. Genet. 38:1150-1160.
Note:
translated from Genetika
Hanelt, P., ed.
2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
URL:
http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/pls/htmldb_pgrc/f?p=185:3:2422827336895397#
Kartesz, J. T.
1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland.
Note:
lists as
Malus sylvestris
Mill.
Kingsbury, J. M.
1964. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada.
Komarov, V. L. et al., eds.
1934-1964. Flora SSSR. 9:359.
Note:
lists as "
silvestris
"
Lazarides, M. & B. Hince.
1993. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia
Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium.
1976. Hortus third.
Note:
lists as
Malus sylvestris
Mill.
Likhonos, F. D.
1974. A survey of the species in the genus
Malus
Mill. Trudy Prikl. Bot. 52(3):20.
Markle, G. M. et al., eds.
1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker.
2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
Nikiforova, S. V. et al.
2013. Phylogenetic analysis of 47 chloroplast genomes clarifies the contribution of wild species to the domesticated apple maternal line. Molec. Biol. Evol. 30:1751-1760.
Personal Care Products Council.
INCI
URL:
http://www.personalcarecouncil.org/public/what-inci
Ponomarenko, V. V.
1977. On the specific composition of wild growing apple trees in the USSR and centers of their genetic diversity. Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 62(6):823.
Porcher, M. H. et al.
Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
URL:
http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Frontpage.html
Reim, S. et al.
2012. Diversity of the European indigenous wild apple
Malus sylvestris
(L.) Mill. in the East Ore mountains (Osterzgebirge), Germany: I. Morphological characterization. Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 59:1101-1114.
URL:
http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/10722
Sauer, J. D.
1993. Historical geography of crop plants. 110.
Note:
CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
Tutin, T. G. et al., eds.
1964-1980. Flora europaea.
Zhou, Z.-Q. & Y. N. Li.
2000. The RAPD evidence for the phylogenetic relationship of the closely related species of cultivated apple. Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 47:353-357.
URL:
http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/10722
Common names
English
crab apple –
Reference(s)
European crab apple –
Reference(s)
French
pommier sauvage –
Reference(s)
German
Holz-Apfel –
Reference(s)
Wild-Apfel –
Reference(s)
Transliterated Russian
jablonja lesnaja –
Reference(s)
Distribution
Exportable format
order_code
Status
Continent
Subcontinent
Country
State
Note
1
Native
Europe
Eastern Europe
Belarus
1
Native
Europe
Eastern Europe
Estonia
1
Native
Europe
Eastern Europe
Latvia
1
Native
Europe
Eastern Europe
Lithuania
1
Native
Europe
Eastern Europe
Moldova
1
Native
Europe
Eastern Europe
Russian Federation-European part
European part
w.
1
Native
Europe
Eastern Europe
Ukraine
incl. Krym
1
Native
Europe
Middle Europe
Austria
1
Native
Europe
Middle Europe
Belgium
1
Native
Europe
Middle Europe
Czech Republic
1
Native
Europe
Middle Europe
Germany
1
Native
Europe
Middle Europe
Hungary
1
Native
Europe
Middle Europe
Netherlands
1
Native
Europe
Middle Europe
Poland
1
Native
Europe
Middle Europe
Slovakia
1
Native
Europe
Middle Europe
Switzerland
1
Native
Europe
Northern Europe
Denmark
1
Native
Europe
Northern Europe
Finland
1
Native
Europe
Northern Europe
Ireland
1
Native
Europe
Northern Europe
Norway
1
Native
Europe
Northern Europe
Sweden
1
Native
Europe
Northern Europe
United Kingdom
1
Native
Europe
Southeastern Europe
Albania
1
Native
Europe
Southeastern Europe
Bosnia and Herzegovina
1
Native
Europe
Southeastern Europe
Bulgaria
1
Native
Europe
Southeastern Europe
Croatia
1
Native
Europe
Southeastern Europe
Greece
1
Native
Europe
Southeastern Europe
Italy
incl. Sicily
1
Native
Europe
Southeastern Europe
Montenegro
1
Native
Europe
Southeastern Europe
North Macedonia
1
Native
Europe
Southeastern Europe
Romania
1
Native
Europe
Southeastern Europe
Serbia
1
Native
Europe
Southeastern Europe
Slovenia
1
Native
Europe
Southwestern Europe
France
incl. Corsica
1
Native
Europe
Southwestern Europe
Portugal
1
Native
Europe
Southwestern Europe
Spain
2
Cultivated
also cult.
Native
Europe
NORTHERN EUROPE:
Denmark
,
Finland
,
United Kingdom
,
Ireland
,
Norway
,
Sweden
MIDDLE EUROPE:
Austria
,
Belgium
,
Switzerland
,
Czech Republic
,
Germany
,
Hungary
,
Netherlands
,
Poland
,
Slovakia
EASTERN EUROPE:
Russian Federation-European part
[European part (w.)],
Belarus
,
Estonia
,
Lithuania
,
Latvia
,
Moldova
,
Ukraine
(incl. Krym)
SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE:
Albania
,
Bulgaria
,
Bosnia and Herzegovina
,
Greece
,
Croatia
,
Italy
(incl. Sicily),
North Macedonia
,
Montenegro
,
Romania
,
Serbia
,
Slovenia
SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE:
Spain
,
France
(incl. Corsica),
Portugal
Cultivated
(also cult.)
Economic Uses
Usage
Type
Note
Reference
Environmental
ornamental
Lazarides, M. & B. Hince.
1993. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia
Medicines
folklore
McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker.
2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
Weed
potential seed contaminant
Campbell, F. T., ed.
1995. Report of National Coalition of Exotic Plant Pest Councils (unpublished draft)
Name
References