Taxon:
Medicago polymorpha L.
Summary
Place of publication:
Sp. pl. 2:779. 1753
Comment:
since Medicago polymorpha L. did not have a holotype or syntypes, all 13 varietal names of Linnaeus are validly published fide Shenzhen ICN 26, Ex. 4
Verified:
06/09/1987
ARS Systematic Botanists.
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Reference(s)
- Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource) www.skud.info
- Ali, S. I. & S. M. H. Jafri, eds. 1976-. Flora of Libya.
- Batra, L. R. 1995. Names of Japanese plants sorted by their Japanese names in Romanized Katakana and scientific nomenclature
- Botanical Society of the British Isles. BSBI taxon database (on-line resource). URL: http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/BSBI/taxonsearch.php
- Boulos, L. 1999-. Flora of Egypt
- Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. 1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45
- Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson. 1998. Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning Note: poisonous
- Davis, P. H., ed. 1965-1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
- Duke, J. A. 1981. Handbook of legumes of world economic importance
- Eriksson, O. et al. 1979. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 2.
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource). URL: http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropListDetails?code=&relation=beginsWith&name=Medicago+polymorpha&quantity=1
- Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14
- Ghazanfar, S. A. 1992. An annotated catalogue of the vascular plants of Oman. Scripta Botanica Belgica 2
- Greuter, W. et al., eds. 1984-. Med-Checklist.
- Greuter, W. et al., eds. 2000. International code of botanical nomenclature (Saint Louis Code) Art. 26.2, Ex. 4. URL: http://www.bgbm.org/iapt/nomenclature/code/SaintLouis/0000St.Luistitle.htm
- Heyn, C. C. 1963. The annual species of Medicago. Scripta Hierosolymitana 12:71.
- Hickman, J. C., ed. 1993. The Jepson manual: higher plants of California
- Hnatiuk, R. J. 1990. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11.
- Holm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds
- Huang, S. F. & T. C. Huang. 1987. Taxonomic treatment of the Papilionoideae (Leguminosae) of Taiwan. Taiwania 32:11-117.
- Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares. URL: http://www2.darwin.edu.ar/Proyectos/FloraArgentina/FA.asp
- Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource). URL: http://www.anbg.gov.au/common.names/
- International Seed Testing Association. 1982. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 1. Field crops, grasses and vegetables, ed. 2.
- Isely, D. 1998. Native and naturalized Leguminosae (Fabaceae) of the United States (exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii)
- Izquierdo Z., I. et al., eds. 2004. Lista de especies silvestres de Canarias: hongos, plantas y animales terrestres URL: http://www.gobcan.es/cmayot/interreg/atlantico/documentos/LESDCanarias.pdf
- Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez, eds. 1999. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75
- Kellerman, T. S. et al. 1988. Plant poisonings and mycotoxicoses of livestock in Southern Africa Note: poisonous
- Kumar, S & P. V. Sane. 2003. Legumes of South Asia: a checklist.
- Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. 1993. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia
- Lesins, K. A. & I. Lesins. 1979. Genus Medicago (Leguminosae). A taxogenetic study 196.
- Lock, J. M. & J. Heald. 1994. Legumes of Indochina: a checklist
- Lock, J. M. & K. Simpson. 1991. Legumes of West Asia: a checklist
- Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
- McVaugh, R. 1983-. Flora Novo-Galiciana.
- Mouterde, P. 1966-. Nouvelle flore du Liban et de la Syrie. Note: = Medicago hispida Gaertn.
- Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970-. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
- Norton, J. et al. 2009. Illustrated checklist of the flora of Qatar. URL: http://www.unesco.org/new/uploads/media/Plant_Species_Checklist_of_Qatar.pdf
- Pignatti, S. 1982. Flora d'Italia.
- Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource). URL: http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Frontpage.html
- Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963-. Flora iranica.
- Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants Note: = Medicago nigra
- Shinners, L. H. 1956. Authorship and nomenclature of bur clovers (Medicago) found wild in the United States. Rhodora 58:5.
- Silva, L. et al. 2005. Listagem da fauna e flora terrestres dos Açores. Lista des plantas vasculares (Pteridophyta e Spermatophyta). URL: http://www.azores.gov.pt/NR/rdonlyres/3E255F0D-6AFD-4EF8-974D-CF920B5F933E/126780/42_Pteridophyta_Spermatophyta1.pdf
- Small, E. & M. Jomphe. 1989. A synopsis of the genus Medicago (Leguminosae). Canad. J. Bot. 67:3272.
- Small, E. et al. 1981. The taxonomic value of floral characters in tribe Trigonelleae (Leguminosae), with special reference to Medicago. Canad. J. Bot. 59:1580.
- Small, E. 1981. A numerical analysis of major groupings in Medicago employing traditionally used characters. Canad. J. Bot. 59:1555. Note: nom. ambig.?
- Smythies, B. E. 1984-1986. Flora of Spain and the Balearic Islands: checklist of vascular plants. Englera 3:1-882.
- Stace, C. 1995. New flora of the British Isles.
- Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark. 1946-1976. Flora of Guatemala. Note: = Medicago hispida Gaertn.
- Täckholm, V. 1974. Students' flora of Egypt, ed. 2.
- Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966-. Flora of Iraq.
- Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952-. Flora of tropical East Africa.
- Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
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- Wood, J. R. I. 1997. A handbook of the Yemen flora.
- Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition). URL: http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=2
- Zohary, M. & N. Feinbrun-Dothan. 1966-. Flora palaestina.
Common names
English
bur medic – bur trefoil – California bur-clover – hairy medic – rough medic – toothed bur-clover – toothed medic – toothed medick – trefoil-clover – Arabic
nafal – French
luzerne hérissée – German
rauher Schneckenklee – Italian
medica ispida – Japanese Rōmaji
uma-goyashi – Spanish
carretón de amores – trébol de carretilla – Swedish
tagglusern – Transcribed Chinese
nan mu xu – Transcribed Korean
gaejari –
Distribution
order_code | Status | Continent | Subcontinent | Country | State | Note |
1 | Native | Africa | Macaronesia | Portugal | Madeira Islands | |
1 | Native | Africa | Macaronesia | Spain | Canary Islands | |
1 | Native | Africa | Northern Africa | Algeria | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Northern Africa | Egypt | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Northern Africa | Libya | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Northern Africa | Morocco | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Northern Africa | Tunisia | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Arabian Peninsula | Oman | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Arabian Peninsula | Qatar | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Arabian Peninsula | United Arab Emirates | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Arabian Peninsula | Yemen | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Caucasus | Azerbaijan | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Caucasus | Georgia | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Caucasus | Russian Federation | Dagestan | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Caucasus | Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia | Ciscaucasia | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Middle Asia | Kazakhstan | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Middle Asia | Kyrgyzstan | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Middle Asia | Tajikistan | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Middle Asia | Turkmenistan | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Middle Asia | Uzbekistan | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Afghanistan | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Cyprus | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Iran | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Iraq | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Israel | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Jordan | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Lebanon | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Syria | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Turkey | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Eastern Europe | Ukraine | | incl. Krym |
1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Austria | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Germany | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Northern Europe | United Kingdom | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Albania | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Bulgaria | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Former Yugoslavia | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Greece | | incl. Crete |
1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Italy | | incl. Sardinia, Sicily |
1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Romania | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Southwestern Europe | France | | incl. Corsica |
1 | Native | Europe | Southwestern Europe | Portugal | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Southwestern Europe | Spain | | incl. Baleares |
2 | Cultivated | | | | | also cult. |
3 | Adventive | Northern America | | Mexico | | |
4 | Naturalized | Africa | Macaronesia | Portugal | Azores | |
4 | Naturalized | Africa | Southern Africa | South Africa | | |
4 | Naturalized | Asia-Tropical | Indian Subcontinent | India | | |
4 | Naturalized | Asia-Tropical | Indian Subcontinent | Pakistan | | |
4 | Naturalized | Asia-Tropical | Indo-China | Vietnam | | |
4 | Naturalized | Australasia | Australia | Australia | | |
4 | Naturalized | Europe | Middle Europe | Belgium | | |
4 | Naturalized | Europe | Middle Europe | Czechoslovakia | | |
4 | Naturalized | Europe | Middle Europe | Hungary | | |
4 | Naturalized | Europe | Middle Europe | Netherlands | | |
4 | Naturalized | Europe | Middle Europe | Switzerland | | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | | United States | | |
4 | Naturalized | Southern America | Brazil | Brazil | | s. |
4 | Naturalized | Southern America | Central America | Costa Rica | | |
4 | Naturalized | Southern America | Central America | Guatemala | | |
4 | Naturalized | Southern America | Southern South America | Argentina | | e.-c. |
4 | Naturalized | Southern America | Southern South America | Chile | | |
4 | Naturalized | Southern America | Southern South America | Uruguay | | |
4 | Naturalized | Southern America | Western South America | Ecuador | | |
4 | Naturalized | Southern America | Western South America | Peru | | |
Native
Africa
-
MACARONESIA:
Spain [Canary Islands], Portugal [Madeira Islands]
-
NORTHERN AFRICA:
Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia
Asia-Temperate
-
ARABIAN PENINSULA:
United Arab Emirates, Oman, Qatar, Yemen
-
WESTERN ASIA:
Afghanistan, Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey
-
CAUCASUS:
Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia [Ciscaucasia], Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russian Federation [Dagestan]
-
MIDDLE ASIA:
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
Europe
-
NORTHERN EUROPE:
United Kingdom
-
MIDDLE EUROPE:
Austria, Germany
-
EASTERN EUROPE:
Ukraine (incl. Krym)
-
SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE:
Former Yugoslavia, Albania, Bulgaria, Greece (incl. Crete), Italy (incl. Sardinia, Sicily), Romania
-
SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE:
Spain (incl. Baleares), France (incl. Corsica), Portugal
Cultivated
(also cult.)
Adventive
Northern America
Naturalized
Africa
-
MACARONESIA:
Portugal [Azores]
-
SOUTHERN AFRICA:
South Africa
Asia-Tropical
-
INDIAN SUBCONTINENT:
India, Pakistan
-
INDO-CHINA:
Vietnam
Australasia
Europe
-
MIDDLE EUROPE:
Czechoslovakia, Belgium, Switzerland, Hungary, Netherlands
Northern America
Southern America
-
CENTRAL AMERICA:
Costa Rica, Guatemala
-
BRAZIL:
Brazil (s.)
-
WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA:
Ecuador, Peru
-
SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA:
Argentina (e.-c.), Chile, Uruguay
Economic Uses
Usage | Type | Note | Reference |
Animal food | forage | | Duke, J. A. 1981. Handbook of legumes of world economic importance |
Animal food | forage | | Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. 1993. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia |
Environmental | soil improver | | University of California Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program. UC SAREP on-line cover crop database (on-line resource). URL: http://www.sarep.ucdavis.edu/ccrop/ |
Vertebrate poisons | mammals | | Kellerman, T. S. et al. 1988. Plant poisonings and mycotoxicoses of livestock in Southern Africa Note: poisonous |
Vertebrate poisons | mammals | | Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson. 1998. Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning Note: poisonous |
Weed | potential seed contaminant | | Small, E. & M. Jomphe. 1989. A synopsis of the genus Medicago (Leguminosae). Canad. J. Bot. 67:3272. |