Animal food | fodder | fide Succ Pl Res 6:130; Cact Fam | Taylor, N. P. et al. 2002. Realignment and revision of the Opuntioideae of Eastern Brazil. Succ. Pl. Res. 6:130. |
Environmental | ornamental | | Irish, M. 2001. The ornamental prickly pear industry in the southwestern United States. Florida Entomol. 84:484. |
Environmental | ornamental | | Anderson, E. F. 2001. The cactus family 499. |
Environmental | ornamental | | Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds |
Fuels | fuelwood | | FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America. URL: http://floranorthamerica.org/ |
Human food | beverage base | | Anderson, E. F. 2001. The cactus family 499. |
Human food | fruit | | Anderson, E. F. 2001. The cactus family 499. |
Human food | fruit | fide Agrociencia 39:395-396. 2005 | Kunkel, G. 1984. Plants for human consumption |
Human food | vegetable | as vegetable | Vigueras G., A. L. & L. Portillo. 2001. Uses of Opuntia species and the potential impact of Cactoblastis cactorum (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Mexico. Florida Entomol. 84:494. |
Invertebrate food | dye-containing insects | cochineals used as a source of carmine dye | Brutsch, M. O. & H. G. Zimmermann. 1993. The prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica [Cactaceae]) in South Africa: Utilization of the naturalized weed, and of the cultivated plants. Econ. Bot. 47:154-162. URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/12231 |
Invertebrate food | dye-containing insects | cochineals used as a source of carmine dye fide ; Cact Fam | Anderson, E. F. 2001. The cactus family 499. |
Medicines | folklore | | Anderson, E. F. 2001. The cactus family 499. |
Medicines | folklore | | Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs |
Medicines | folklore | | McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland. |
Weed | | | Benson, L. 1982. The cacti of the United States and Canada 932. |
Weed | | | Brutsch, M. O. & H. G. Zimmermann. 1993. The prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica [Cactaceae]) in South Africa: Utilization of the naturalized weed, and of the cultivated plants. Econ. Bot. 47:154-162. URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/12231 |
Weed | | | Anderson, E. F. 2001. The cactus family 499. |
Weed | | | Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds |
Weed | | | Henderson, L. 2001. Alien weeds and invasive plants: a complete guide to declared weeds and invaders in South Africa. Plant Protection Research Institute, Handbook 12 |