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Taxon:
Fragaria virginiana
Mill.
Nomenclature
Common Names
Distribution
Economic Uses
Summary
Genus:
Fragaria
Family:
Rosaceae
Subfamily:
Rosoideae
Tribe:
Potentilleae
Subtribe:
Fragariinae
Nomen number:
267
Place of publication:
Gard. dict. ed. 8:
Fragaria
no. 2. 1768 (A. N. Duchesne, Hist. nat. frais. 204. 1766, as "races principales")
Comment:
Duchesne's (1766) usage of binary names for "races principales" do not qualify as species names
Verified:
03/24/2006
ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
0
(
0
active,
0
available)
in National Plant Germplasm System.
Other conspecific taxa
Fragaria virginiana
Mill. subsp.
glauca
(S. Watson) Staudt
(0 active accession[s])
Fragaria virginiana
Mill. subsp.
grayana
(Vilm. ex J. Gay) Staudt
(0 active accession[s])
Fragaria virginiana
Mill. subsp.
platypetala
(Rydb.) Staudt
(0 active accession[s])
Fragaria virginiana
Mill. subsp.
virginiana
(0 active accession[s])
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
No images
Reference(s)
Ahmadi, H. & R. S. Bringhurst.
1992. Breeding strawberries at the decaploid level. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 117:856-862.
Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson.
2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
www.skud.info
Correll, D. S. & M. C. Johnston.
1970. Manual of the vascular plants of Texas
Note:
lists as
Fragaria virginiana
Duchesne
Cronquist, A. et al.
1972-. Intermountain flora.
Darbyshire, S. J.
2003. Inventory of Canadian Agricultural Weeds Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 132-133.
Darrow, G. M.
1966. The strawberry: history, breeding and physiology. 117-119.
Duke, J. A. et al.
2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
Erhardt, W. et al.
2002. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 17. Auflage
Facciola, S.
1990. Cornucopia, a source book of edible plants Kampong Publications.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).
2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
URL:
http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropListDetails?code=&relation=beginsWith&name=Fragaria+virginiana&quantity=1
Gleason, H. A. & A. Cronquist.
1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, ed. 2
Note:
lists as
Fragaria virginiana
Duchesne
Hancock, J. F. et al.
2004. Taxonomic variation among North and South American subspecies of
Fragaria virginiana
Miller and
Fragaria chiloensis
(L.) Miller. Canad. J. Bot. 82:1632-1644.
Note:
this study using statistical analysis of morphological features of the wild octoploid species finds support for the recognition of
Fragaria chiloensis
&
F. virginiana
at the species level, but not for any of their infraspecific taxa
Harrison, R. E. et al.
1997. Morphological and molecular variation among populations of octoploid
Fragaria virginiana
and
F. chiloensis
(Rosaceae) from North America. Amer. J. Bot. 84:612-620.
URL:
http://www.amjbot.org
Note:
this study using both morphological & molecular traits found dissimilar results for supporting taxonomical relationships among subspecies of this taxon &
Fragaria chiloensis
Hitchcock, C. L. et al.
1955-1969. Vascular plants of the Pacific Northwest.
Note:
lists as
Fragaria virginiana
Duchesne
Hokanson, K. E. et al.
2006. Relationships among subspecies of New World octoploid strawberry species,
Fragaria virginiana
and
Fragaria chiloensis
, based on simple sequence repeat marker analysis. Canad. J. Bot. 84:1829-1841.
IPGRI.
New World Fruits Database (on-line resource).
URL:
http://www.bioversityinternational.org/databases/new_world_fruits_database/search.html
Kartesz, J. T.
1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland.
Note:
lists as
Fragaria virginiana
Duchesne
Kunkel, G.
1984. Plants for human consumption
Note:
lists as
Fragaria virginiana
Duchesne
Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium.
1976. Hortus third.
Note:
lists as
Fragaria virginiana
Duchesne
Liu, B. et al.
2016. Insight into octoploid strawberry (
Fragaria
) subgenome composition revealed by GISH analysis of pentaploid hybrids. Genome 59:79-86.
Mabberley, D. J.
2002.
Potentilla
and
Fragaria
(Rosaceae) reunited. Telopea 9:800.
URL:
http://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/science/Scientific_publications/telopea/
Note:
=
Potentilla vesca
(Mill.) E. H. L. Krause
Markle, G. M. et al., eds.
1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker.
2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
Personal Care Products Council.
INCI
URL:
http://www.personalcarecouncil.org/public/what-inci
Porcher, M. H. et al.
Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
URL:
http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Frontpage.html
Radford, A. E. et al.
1964. Manual of the vascular flora of the Carolinas.
Note:
lists as
Fragaria virginiana
Duchesne
Rehm, S.
1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Scoggan, H. J.
1978-1979. The flora of Canada, 4 vol.
Note:
lists as
Fragaria virginiana
Duchesne
Staudt, G.
1962. Taxonomic studies in the genus
Fragaria
. Typification of
Fragaria
species known at the time of Linnaeus. Canad. J. Bot. 40:880.
Note:
lists as
Fragaria virginiana
Duchesne
Staudt, G.
1999. Systematics and geographical distribution of the American strawberry species. Taxonomic studies in the genus
Fragaria
(Rosaceae: Potentilleae). Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 81:68.
Staudt, G.
2009. Strawberry biogeography, genetics and systematics. Acta Hort. 842:71-83.
Steyermark, J. A.
1977. Flora of Missouri.
Note:
lists as
Fragaria virginiana
Duchesne
Tutin, T. G. et al., eds.
1964-1980. Flora europaea.
Note:
lists as
Fragaria virginiana
Duchesne
Ulrich, D. et al.
2007. Diversity of aroma patterns in wild and cultivated
Fragaria
accessions. Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 54:1185-1196.
URL:
http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/10722
Wofford, B. E.
Database of Tennessee vascular plants (on-line resource).
URL:
https://herbarium.utk.edu/vascular/vascular-database.php?CategoryID=Dicots&FamilyID=Rosaceae&GenusID=Fragaria&SpeciesID=virginiana
Common names
English
scarlet strawberry –
Reference(s)
Virginia strawberry –
Reference(s)
wild strawberry –
Reference(s)
English (Canada)
wild strawberry –
Reference(s)
French
fraisier de Virginie –
Reference(s)
fraisier écarlate –
Reference(s)
French (Canada)
fraisier des champs –
Reference(s)
German
Scharlacherdbeere –
Reference(s)
Virginiaerdbeere –
Reference(s)
Spanish
fresón –
Reference(s)
Swedish
scharlakanssmultron –
Reference(s)
Distribution
Exportable format
order_code
Status
Continent
Subcontinent
Country
State
Note
1
Native
Northern America
Eastern Canada
Canada
New Brunswick
1
Native
Northern America
Eastern Canada
Canada
Newfoundland and Labrador
1
Native
Northern America
Eastern Canada
Canada
Nova Scotia
1
Native
Northern America
Eastern Canada
Canada
Ontario
1
Native
Northern America
Eastern Canada
Canada
Prince Edward Island
1
Native
Northern America
Eastern Canada
Canada
Québec
1
Native
Northern America
North-Central U.S.A.
United States
Illinois
1
Native
Northern America
North-Central U.S.A.
United States
Iowa
1
Native
Northern America
North-Central U.S.A.
United States
Kansas
1
Native
Northern America
North-Central U.S.A.
United States
Minnesota
1
Native
Northern America
North-Central U.S.A.
United States
Missouri
1
Native
Northern America
North-Central U.S.A.
United States
Nebraska
1
Native
Northern America
North-Central U.S.A.
United States
North Dakota
1
Native
Northern America
North-Central U.S.A.
United States
Oklahoma
1
Native
Northern America
North-Central U.S.A.
United States
South Dakota
1
Native
Northern America
North-Central U.S.A.
United States
Wisconsin
1
Native
Northern America
Northeastern U.S.A.
United States
Connecticut
1
Native
Northern America
Northeastern U.S.A.
United States
Indiana
1
Native
Northern America
Northeastern U.S.A.
United States
Maine
1
Native
Northern America
Northeastern U.S.A.
United States
Massachusetts
1
Native
Northern America
Northeastern U.S.A.
United States
Michigan
1
Native
Northern America
Northeastern U.S.A.
United States
New Hampshire
1
Native
Northern America
Northeastern U.S.A.
United States
New Jersey
1
Native
Northern America
Northeastern U.S.A.
United States
New York
1
Native
Northern America
Northeastern U.S.A.
United States
Ohio
1
Native
Northern America
Northeastern U.S.A.
United States
Pennsylvania
1
Native
Northern America
Northeastern U.S.A.
United States
Vermont
1
Native
Northern America
Northeastern U.S.A.
United States
West Virginia
1
Native
Northern America
Northwestern U.S.A.
United States
Colorado
1
Native
Northern America
Northwestern U.S.A.
United States
Idaho
1
Native
Northern America
Northwestern U.S.A.
United States
Montana
1
Native
Northern America
Northwestern U.S.A.
United States
Oregon
1
Native
Northern America
Northwestern U.S.A.
United States
Washington
1
Native
Northern America
Northwestern U.S.A.
United States
Wyoming
1
Native
Northern America
South-Central U.S.A.
United States
New Mexico
1
Native
Northern America
South-Central U.S.A.
United States
Texas
1
Native
Northern America
Southeastern U.S.A.
United States
Alabama
1
Native
Northern America
Southeastern U.S.A.
United States
Arkansas
1
Native
Northern America
Southeastern U.S.A.
United States
Florida
1
Native
Northern America
Southeastern U.S.A.
United States
Georgia
1
Native
Northern America
Southeastern U.S.A.
United States
Kentucky
1
Native
Northern America
Southeastern U.S.A.
United States
Louisiana
1
Native
Northern America
Southeastern U.S.A.
United States
Maryland
1
Native
Northern America
Southeastern U.S.A.
United States
Mississippi
1
Native
Northern America
Southeastern U.S.A.
United States
North Carolina
1
Native
Northern America
Southeastern U.S.A.
United States
South Carolina
1
Native
Northern America
Southeastern U.S.A.
United States
Tennessee
1
Native
Northern America
Southeastern U.S.A.
United States
Virginia
1
Native
Northern America
Southwestern U.S.A.
United States
Arizona
1
Native
Northern America
Southwestern U.S.A.
United States
California
1
Native
Northern America
Southwestern U.S.A.
United States
Nevada
w.
1
Native
Northern America
Southwestern U.S.A.
United States
Utah
1
Native
Northern America
Subarctic America
Canada
Northwest Territories
1
Native
Northern America
Subarctic America
Canada
Yukon
1
Native
Northern America
Subarctic America
United States
Alaska
1
Native
Northern America
Western Canada
Canada
Alberta
1
Native
Northern America
Western Canada
Canada
British Columbia
1
Native
Northern America
Western Canada
Canada
Manitoba
1
Native
Northern America
Western Canada
Canada
Saskatchewan
4
Naturalized
natzd. elsewhere
Native
Northern America
SUBARCTIC AMERICA:
Canada
[Northwest Territories, Yukon],
United States
[Alaska]
EASTERN CANADA:
Canada
[Québec, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador]
WESTERN CANADA:
Canada
[Saskatchewan, Alberta, Manitoba, British Columbia]
NORTHEASTERN U.S.A.:
United States
[Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Vermont, West Virginia]
NORTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.:
United States
[Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Wisconsin]
NORTHWESTERN U.S.A.:
United States
[Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming]
SOUTHEASTERN U.S.A.:
United States
[Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia]
SOUTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.:
United States
[New Mexico, Texas]
SOUTHWESTERN U.S.A.:
United States
[Arizona, California, Nevada (w.), Utah]
Naturalized
(natzd. elsewhere)
Economic Uses
Usage
Type
Note
Reference
Human food
fruit
Kunkel, G.
1984. Plants for human consumption
Note:
lists as
Fragaria virginiana
Duchesne
Human food
fruit
Facciola, S.
1990. Cornucopia, a source book of edible plants Kampong Publications.
Medicines
folklore
Duke, J. A. et al.
2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
Medicines
folklore
McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker.
2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
Name
References