Taxon:
Prunus virginiana L.
Summary
Place of publication:
Sp. pl. 1:473. 1753
Comment:
although the name was proposed for conservation (nom. cons.) with a conserved type (Shenzhen ICN 14.9), its conservation was considered unnecessary by the Committee for Vascular Plants, as an acceptable typification was not deemed to have occurred, so lectotypification on an appropriate and available element could resolve the matter
Verified:
02/27/2019
ARS Systematic Botanists.
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Reference(s)
- Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource) www.skud.info
- Applequist, W. L. 2013. Report of the Nomenclature Committee for Vascular Plants: 65. Taxon 62:1316. URL: http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/iapt/tax Note: proposal not recommended, considered unnecessary since it will only require a lectotypification, which is considered not to have been thus far accomplished, to resolve the application of the name
- Aradhya, M. K. et al. 2004. Molecular characterization of variability and relationships among seven cultivated and selected wild species of Prunus L. using amplified fragment length polymorphism. Sci. Hort. 103:131-144.
- Bortiri, E. et al. 2001. Phylogeny and systematics of Prunus (Rosaceae) as determined by sequence analysis of ITS and the chloroplast trnL-trnF spacer DNA. Syst. Bot. 26:797-807. Note: this study recognized this species as a member of subgenus Padus
- Bortiri, E. et al. 2006. Phylogenetic analysis of morphology in Prunus reveals extensive homoplasy. Pl. Syst. Evol. 259:53-71. URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/606 Note: this study confirmed that Prunus virginiana is closer to members of Laurocerasus
- Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson. 1998. Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning Note: poisonous
- Correll, D. S. & M. C. Johnston. 1970. Manual of the vascular plants of Texas
- Cronquist, A. et al. 1972-. Intermountain flora.
- Darbyshire, S. J. 2003. Inventory of Canadian Agricultural Weeds Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 140-141.
- Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
- Erhardt, W. et al. 2008. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen
- Gandhi, K. N. et al. 2009. (1886-1887) Proposals to conserve the names Prunus serotina and P. virginiana (Rosaceae) with conserved types. Taxon 58:312-314. URL: http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/iapt/tax
- Gilbert, L. 1998. pers. comm. Note: re. common names, as Prunus virginiana melanocarpa
- Gleason, H. A. & A. Cronquist. 1963. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada.
- Hancock, J. F. et al. 2008. Chapter 9. Peaches. Temperate fruit crop breeding: germplasm to genomics 265-298. Note: this review cited Prunus virginiana among those species "that have been hybridized with P. persica"
- Hitchcock, C. L. et al. 1955-1969. Vascular plants of the Pacific Northwest.
- IPGRI. New World Fruits Database (on-line resource). URL: http://www.bioversityinternational.org/databases/new_world_fruits_database/search.html
- Kartesz, J. T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. Note: with three varieties
- Kearney, T. H. & R. H. Peebles. 1969. Arizona flora, ed. 2.
- Kingsbury, J. M. 1964. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada. Note: poisonous
- Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.
- Little, E. L., Jr. 1978. Important forest trees of the United States
- Little, E. L., Jr. 1979. Checklist of United States trees, Agric. Handb. 541
- Martin, W. C. & C. R. Hutchins. 1980. A flora of New Mexico.
- McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
- Moss, E. H. & J. G. Packer. 1983. Flora of Alberta, ed. 2.
- Munro, D. B. Canadian poisonous plants information system (on-line resource). URL: http://www.cbif.gc.ca/pls/pp/poison?p_x=px
- Personal Care Products Council. INCI URL: http://www.personalcarecouncil.org/public/what-inci
- Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource). URL: http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Frontpage.html
- Porsild, A. E. & W. J. Cody. 1980. Vascular plants of continental Northwest Territories, Canada
- Radford, A. E. et al. 1964. Manual of the vascular flora of the Carolinas.
- Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
- Rohrer, J. R. 2011. Prunus (Rosaceae). Flora of North America. 9: in press. URL: http://floranorthamerica.org/
- Scoggan, H. J. 1978-1979. The flora of Canada, 4 vol.
- Steyermark, J. A. 1977. Flora of Missouri.
- Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
- Walters, S. M. et al., eds. 1986-2000. European garden flora.
- Wofford, B. E. Database of Tennessee vascular plants (on-line resource). URL: https://herbarium.utk.edu/vascular/vascular-database.php?CategoryID=Dicots&FamilyID=Rosaceae&GenusID=Prunus&SpeciesID=virginiana
- 2018. Oklahoma vascular plant database URL: http://www.oklahomaplantdatabase.org/
Common names
English
bitter-berry – chokecherry – Virginia bird cherry – English (Canada)
red choke cherry – French
cerisier de Virginie – French (Canada)
cerisier de Virginie – German
virginischer Traubenkirschbaum – Spanish
cerezo de Virginia – Swedish
virginiahägg –
Distribution
order_code | Status | Continent | Subcontinent | Country | State | Note |
1 | Native | Northern America | Eastern Canada | Canada | New Brunswick | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Eastern Canada | Canada | Newfoundland and Labrador | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Eastern Canada | Canada | Nova Scotia | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Eastern Canada | Canada | Ontario | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Eastern Canada | Canada | Québec | s. |
1 | Native | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | Illinois | |
1 | Native | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | Iowa | |
1 | Native | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | Kansas | |
1 | Native | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | Minnesota | |
1 | Native | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | Missouri | |
1 | Native | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | Nebraska | |
1 | Native | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | North Dakota | |
1 | Native | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | Oklahoma | |
1 | Native | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | South Dakota | |
1 | Native | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | Wisconsin | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Connecticut | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Indiana | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Maine | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Massachusetts | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Michigan | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | New Hampshire | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | New Jersey | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | New York | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Ohio | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Pennsylvania | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Rhode Island | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Vermont | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northwestern U.S.A. | United States | Colorado | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northwestern U.S.A. | United States | Idaho | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northwestern U.S.A. | United States | Montana | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northwestern U.S.A. | United States | Oregon | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northwestern U.S.A. | United States | Washington | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northwestern U.S.A. | United States | Wyoming | |
1 | Native | Northern America | South-Central U.S.A. | United States | New Mexico | |
1 | Native | Northern America | South-Central U.S.A. | United States | Texas | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Kentucky | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Maryland | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | North Carolina | w. |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Tennessee | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Virginia | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southwestern U.S.A. | United States | Arizona | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southwestern U.S.A. | United States | California | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southwestern U.S.A. | United States | Nevada | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southwestern U.S.A. | United States | Utah | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Subarctic America | Canada | Northwest Territories | s.w. |
1 | Native | Northern America | Western Canada | Canada | Alberta | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Western Canada | Canada | British Columbia | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Western Canada | Canada | Manitoba | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Western Canada | Canada | Saskatchewan | |
Native
Northern America
-
SUBARCTIC AMERICA:
Canada [Northwest Territories (s.w.)]
-
EASTERN CANADA:
Canada [Québec (s.), Nova Scotia, Ontario, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador]
-
WESTERN CANADA:
Canada [Saskatchewan, Alberta, Manitoba, British Columbia]
-
NORTHEASTERN U.S.A.:
United States [Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont]
-
NORTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.:
United States [Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Wisconsin]
-
NORTHWESTERN U.S.A.:
United States [Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming]
-
SOUTHEASTERN U.S.A.:
United States [Kentucky, Maryland, North Carolina (w.), Tennessee, Virginia]
-
SOUTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.:
United States [New Mexico, Texas]
-
SOUTHWESTERN U.S.A.:
United States [Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah]
Economic Uses
Usage | Type | Note | Reference |
Environmental | revegetator | for land reclamation, as P. virginiana melanocarpa | Gilbert, L. 1998. pers. comm. Note: re. common names, as Prunus virginiana melanocarpa |
Materials | wood | veneer | Little, E. L., Jr. 1978. Important forest trees of the United States |
Medicines | folklore | | Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs |
Medicines | folklore | | McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland. |
Vertebrate poisons | mammals | | Kingsbury, J. M. 1964. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada. Note: poisonous |
Vertebrate poisons | mammals | | Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson. 1998. Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning Note: poisonous |