Taxon:
Euphorbia tirucalli L.
Summary
Place of publication:
Sp. pl. 1:452. 1753
Verified:
10/04/1994
ARS Systematic Botanists.
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Reference(s)
- Airy Shaw, A. K. 1972. The Euphorbiaceae of Siam. Kew Bull. 26:267.
- Airy Shaw, A. K. 1982. The Euphorbiaceae of Central Malesia (Celebes, Moluccas, Lesser Sunda Is.). Kew Bull. 37:20.
- Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource) www.skud.info
- Balakrishnan, N. P. & T. Chakrabarty. 2007. The family Euphorbiaceae in India; a synopsis of its profile, taxonomy and bibliography
- CITES. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) Appendices I, II and III (on-line resource). URL: http://www.cites.org/eng/app/appendices.shtml
- Cremers, G. 1984. Les euphorbes coralliformes de Madagascar. Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 54:62-64.
- Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
- Eggli, U., ed. 2002. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants: Dicotyledons
- Eggli, U. 1994. Sukkulenten Eugen Ulmer GmbH & Company.
- Erhardt, W. et al. 2008. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource). URL: http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropListDetails?code=&relation=beginsWith&name=Euphorbia+tirucalli&quantity=1
- Govaerts, R. et al. 2000. World checklist and bibliography of Euphorbiaceae URL: http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/home.do
- Horvath, D. 2011. Euphorbia. Wild crop relatives: genomic and breeding resources, plantation and ornamental crops 7:125-132.
- Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
- Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource). URL: http://www.anbg.gov.au/common.names/
- Kingsbury, J. M. 1964. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada. Note: poisonous
- Lampe, K. F. & M. A. McCann. 1985. AMA handbook of poisonous and injurious plants Note: poisonous
- Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.
- McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
- Munro, D. B. Canadian poisonous plants information system (on-line resource). URL: http://www.cbif.gc.ca/pls/pp/poison?p_x=px
- Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970-. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
- Oudejans, R. C. H. M. 1990. World catalogue of species names published in the tribe Euphorbieae (Euphorbiaceae) with their geographical distribution
- Padua, L. S. de et al., eds. 1999. Medicinal and poisonous plants 1. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 12(1):271. URL: http://proseanet.org
- Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
- Reitz, R., ed. 1988. Flora ilustrada catarinense. 382-384. Note: cultivated
- Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952-. Flora of tropical East Africa.
- Walters, S. M. et al., eds. 1986-2000. European garden flora.
Common names
English
African milkbush – fingertree – Indian tree spurge – milkbush – milkhedge – naked-lady – penciltree – petroleum-plant – rubber euphorbia – French
euphorbe antivenerien – German
Latex-Wolfsmilch – Portuguese
almeidinha – Spanish
aveloz – consuelda – Swedish
gummieuforbia –
Distribution
order_code | Status | Continent | Subcontinent | Country | State | Note |
1 | Native | Africa | East Tropical Africa | Kenya | | |
1 | Native | Africa | East Tropical Africa | Tanzania | | |
1 | Native | Africa | East Tropical Africa | Uganda | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Northeast Tropical Africa | Eritrea | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Northeast Tropical Africa | Ethiopia | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Northeast Tropical Africa | Sudan | | |
1 | Native | Africa | South Tropical Africa | Angola | | |
1 | Native | Africa | South Tropical Africa | Mozambique | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Southern Africa | Eswatini | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Southern Africa | South Africa | Cape Province | |
1 | Native | Africa | Southern Africa | South Africa | KwaZulu-Natal | |
1 | Native | Africa | Southern Africa | South Africa | Transvaal | |
1 | Native | Africa | West-Central Tropical Africa | Rwanda | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Western Indian Ocean | Madagascar | | |
2 | Cultivated | | | | | also cult. |
4 | Naturalized | | | | | natzd. elsewhere |
Native
Africa
-
NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA:
Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan
-
EAST TROPICAL AFRICA:
Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
-
WEST-CENTRAL TROPICAL AFRICA:
Rwanda
-
SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA:
Angola, Mozambique
-
SOUTHERN AFRICA:
Eswatini, South Africa [Cape Province, KwaZulu-Natal, Transvaal]
-
WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN:
Madagascar
Cultivated
(also cult.)
Naturalized
(natzd. elsewhere)
Economic Uses
Usage | Type | Note | Reference |
Environmental | boundary/barrier/support | | Padua, L. S. de et al., eds. 1999. Medicinal and poisonous plants 1. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 12(1):271. URL: http://proseanet.org |
Environmental | ornamental | | Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening |
Environmental | ornamental | | Walters, S. M. et al., eds. 1986-2000. European garden flora. |
Materials | latex/rubber | | Padua, L. S. de et al., eds. 1999. Medicinal and poisonous plants 1. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 12(1):271. URL: http://proseanet.org |
Medicines | folklore | fide Pl Res SEAs 12(1):271. 1999; CRC MedHerbs ed2; Herbs Commerce ed2 | McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland. |
Vertebrate poisons | fish | | Padua, L. S. de et al., eds. 1999. Medicinal and poisonous plants 1. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 12(1):271. URL: http://proseanet.org |
Vertebrate poisons | mammals | | Kingsbury, J. M. 1964. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada. Note: poisonous |
Vertebrate poisons | mammals | | Lampe, K. F. & M. A. McCann. 1985. AMA handbook of poisonous and injurious plants Note: poisonous |