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Taxon:
Armoracia rusticana
G. Gaertn. et al.
Nomenclature
Common Names
Distribution
Economic Uses
Summary
Genus:
Armoracia
Family:
Brassicaceae
(alt. Cruciferae)
Tribe:
Cardamineae
Nomen number:
4234
Place of publication:
Oekon. Fl. Wetterau 2:426. 1800
Comment:
since this name was originally based on
Cochlearia rusticana
Lam., an illegitimate, superfluous name (
Shenzhen ICN
52), there is no parenthetical authorship (
Shenzhen ICN
58)
Verified:
04/02/2012
ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
0
(
0
active,
0
available)
in National Plant Germplasm System.
Other conspecific taxa
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Armoracia lapathifolia
Gilib. ex Usteri
Cochlearia armoracia
L.
Nasturtium armoracia
(L.) Fr.
Radicula armoracia
(L.) B. L. Rob.
Rorippa armoracia
(L.) Hitchc.
No images
Reference(s)
Afonin, A. N., S. L. Greene, N. I. Dzyubenko, & A. N. Frolov, eds.
Interactive agricultural ecological atlas of Russia and neighboring countries. Economic plants and their diseases, pests and weeds (on-line resource).
URL:
http://www.agroatlas.ru/en/content/related/Armoracia_rusticana/
Ali, S. I. & S. M. H. Jafri, eds.
1976-. Flora of Libya.
Allan, H. H. B. et al.
1961-. Flora of New Zealand.
URL:
http://floraseries.landcareresearch.co.nz/pages/index.aspx
Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson.
1998. Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning
Note:
poisonous
Darbyshire, S. J.
2003. Inventory of Canadian Agricultural Weeds Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 121-122.
Davis, P. H., ed.
1965-1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
Dorofeev, V.
1996. pers. comm.
Note:
re. common names
Duke, J. A. et al.
2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
Erhardt, W. et al.
2008. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen
Euro+Med Editorial Committee.
Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
URL:
http://www.emplantbase.org/home.html
FNA Editorial Committee.
1993-. Flora of North America.
URL:
http://floranorthamerica.org/
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).
2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
URL:
http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropListDetails?code=&relation=beginsWith&name=Armoracia+rusticana&quantity=1
Fosberg, F. R.
1965. Nomenclature of the horseradish (Cruciferae). Baileya 13:1-4.
Fosberg, F. R.
1966. The correct name of the horseradish (Cruciferae). Baileya 14:60.
Guzman, C. C. de & J. S. Siemonsma, eds.
1999. Spices. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 13:76-80.
URL:
http://proseanet.org
Hanelt, P., ed.
2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
URL:
http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/pls/htmldb_pgrc/f?p=185:3:2422827336895397#
Huxley, A., ed.
1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
Iwatsuki, K. et al.
1993-. Flora of Japan.
Jalas, J. & J. Suominen.
1972-. Atlas florae europaeae.
Kingsbury, J. M.
1964. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada.
Note:
poisonous
Komarov, V. L. et al., eds.
1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium.
1976. Hortus third.
Mansfeld, R.
1959. Die Kulturpflanze, Beiheft 2.
Markle, G. M. et al., eds.
1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker.
2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
Munro, D. B.
Canadian poisonous plants information system (on-line resource).
URL:
http://www.cbif.gc.ca/pls/pp/poison?p_x=px
Navrátilová, B. et al.
1997. Construction of intergeneric somatic hybrids between
Brassica oleracea
and
Armoracia rusticana
. Biol. Pl. 39:531-541.
Porcher, M. H. et al.
Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
URL:
http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Frontpage.html
Rehm, S. & G. Espig.
1991. The cultivated plants of the tropics and subtropics
Rehm, S.
1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Tutin, T. G. et al., eds.
1964-1980. Flora europaea.
Warwick, S.I. et al.
Part III. Interspecific and intergeneric hybridization data. Guide to wild germplasm of
Brassica
and allied crops (Tribe Brassiceae, Brassicaceae), ed. 3 (on-line resource).
URL:
http://www.brassica.info/info/publications/guide-wild-germplasm.php
Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds.
1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
URL:
http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=2
Common names
English
horseradish –
Reference(s)
English (Canada)
horseradish –
Reference(s)
French
cran –
Reference(s)
cranson –
Reference(s)
mérédic –
Reference(s)
raifort cran –
Reference(s)
raifort sauvage –
Reference(s)
French (Canada)
raifort –
Reference(s)
German
Kren –
Reference(s)
Meerrettich –
Reference(s)
Italian
barba forte –
Reference(s)
cren –
Reference(s)
crenno –
Reference(s)
Japanese Rōmaji
seiyō-wasabi –
Reference(s)
uma-daikon –
Reference(s)
wasabi-daikon –
Reference(s)
Portuguese
rábano-picanto –
Reference(s)
raiz-forte –
Reference(s)
Spanish
rábano picante –
Reference(s)
rábano rusticano –
Reference(s)
Transcribed Chinese
la gen shu –
Reference(s)
Distribution
Exportable format
order_code
Status
Continent
Subcontinent
Country
State
Note
1
Native
Europe
Eastern Europe
Moldova
2
Cultivated
also cult. elsewhere
2
Cultivated
Africa
Southern Africa
South Africa
2
Cultivated
Asia-Temperate
China
China
2
Cultivated
Asia-Tropical
Malesia
Indonesia
2
Cultivated
Asia-Tropical
Malesia
Malaysia
2
Cultivated
Asia-Tropical
Malesia
Philippines
2
Cultivated
Australasia
New Zealand
New Zealand
2
Cultivated
Europe
Middle Europe
Austria
2
Cultivated
Europe
Middle Europe
Belgium
2
Cultivated
Europe
Middle Europe
Germany
2
Cultivated
Europe
Northern Europe
Ireland
2
Cultivated
Europe
Southeastern Europe
Italy
2
Cultivated
Northern America
Canada
2
Cultivated
Northern America
United States
4
Naturalized
Asia-Temperate
Caucasus
Armenia
4
Naturalized
Asia-Temperate
China
China
Hebei Sheng
4
Naturalized
Asia-Temperate
China
China
Heilongjiang Sheng
4
Naturalized
Asia-Temperate
China
China
Jiangsu Sheng
4
Naturalized
Asia-Temperate
China
China
Jilin Sheng
4
Naturalized
Asia-Temperate
China
China
Liaoning Sheng
4
Naturalized
Asia-Temperate
Eastern Asia
Japan
Hokkaidô
4
Naturalized
Asia-Temperate
Eastern Asia
Japan
Honshu
4
Naturalized
Asia-Temperate
Middle Asia
Turkmenistan
4
Naturalized
Asia-Temperate
Russian Far East
Russian Federation-Far East
Far East
4
Naturalized
Asia-Temperate
Siberia
Russian Federation-Eastern Siberia
Eastern Siberia
4
Naturalized
Asia-Temperate
Siberia
Russian Federation-Western Siberia
Western Siberia
4
Naturalized
Australasia
New Zealand
New Zealand
4
Naturalized
Europe
Eastern Europe
Belarus
4
Naturalized
Europe
Eastern Europe
Estonia
4
Naturalized
Europe
Eastern Europe
Latvia
4
Naturalized
Europe
Eastern Europe
Lithuania
4
Naturalized
Europe
Eastern Europe
Russian Federation-European part
European part
4
Naturalized
Europe
Eastern Europe
Ukraine
4
Naturalized
Europe
Middle Europe
Austria
4
Naturalized
Europe
Middle Europe
Belgium
4
Naturalized
Europe
Middle Europe
Czech Republic
4
Naturalized
Europe
Middle Europe
Germany
4
Naturalized
Europe
Middle Europe
Hungary
4
Naturalized
Europe
Middle Europe
Netherlands
4
Naturalized
Europe
Middle Europe
Poland
4
Naturalized
Europe
Middle Europe
Switzerland
4
Naturalized
Europe
Northern Europe
Denmark
4
Naturalized
Europe
Northern Europe
Finland
4
Naturalized
Europe
Northern Europe
Ireland
4
Naturalized
Europe
Northern Europe
Norway
4
Naturalized
Europe
Northern Europe
Sweden
4
Naturalized
Europe
Northern Europe
United Kingdom
4
Naturalized
Europe
Southeastern Europe
Albania
4
Naturalized
Europe
Southeastern Europe
Bosnia and Herzegovina
4
Naturalized
Europe
Southeastern Europe
Bulgaria
4
Naturalized
Europe
Southeastern Europe
Croatia
4
Naturalized
Europe
Southeastern Europe
Greece
4
Naturalized
Europe
Southeastern Europe
Italy
4
Naturalized
Europe
Southeastern Europe
North Macedonia
4
Naturalized
Europe
Southeastern Europe
Romania
4
Naturalized
Europe
Southeastern Europe
Serbia
4
Naturalized
Europe
Southeastern Europe
Slovenia
4
Naturalized
Europe
Southeastern Europe
Turkey
Kırklareli
4
Naturalized
Europe
Southwestern Europe
France
4
Naturalized
Europe
Southwestern Europe
Spain
4
Naturalized
Northern America
Eastern Canada
Canada
New Brunswick
4
Naturalized
Northern America
Eastern Canada
Canada
Nova Scotia
4
Naturalized
Northern America
Eastern Canada
Canada
Ontario
4
Naturalized
Northern America
Eastern Canada
Canada
Prince Edward Island
4
Naturalized
Northern America
Eastern Canada
Canada
Québec
4
Naturalized
Northern America
North-Central U.S.A.
United States
Illinois
4
Naturalized
Northern America
North-Central U.S.A.
United States
Iowa
4
Naturalized
Northern America
North-Central U.S.A.
United States
Minnesota
4
Naturalized
Northern America
North-Central U.S.A.
United States
Missouri
4
Naturalized
Northern America
North-Central U.S.A.
United States
Nebraska
4
Naturalized
Northern America
North-Central U.S.A.
United States
North Dakota
4
Naturalized
Northern America
North-Central U.S.A.
United States
South Dakota
4
Naturalized
Northern America
North-Central U.S.A.
United States
Wisconsin
4
Naturalized
Northern America
Northeastern U.S.A.
United States
Connecticut
4
Naturalized
Northern America
Northeastern U.S.A.
United States
Indiana
4
Naturalized
Northern America
Northeastern U.S.A.
United States
Maine
4
Naturalized
Northern America
Northeastern U.S.A.
United States
Massachusetts
4
Naturalized
Northern America
Northeastern U.S.A.
United States
Michigan
4
Naturalized
Northern America
Northeastern U.S.A.
United States
New Hampshire
4
Naturalized
Northern America
Northeastern U.S.A.
United States
New Jersey
4
Naturalized
Northern America
Northeastern U.S.A.
United States
New York
4
Naturalized
Northern America
Northeastern U.S.A.
United States
Ohio
4
Naturalized
Northern America
Northeastern U.S.A.
United States
Pennsylvania
4
Naturalized
Northern America
Northeastern U.S.A.
United States
Rhode Island
4
Naturalized
Northern America
Northeastern U.S.A.
United States
Vermont
4
Naturalized
Northern America
Northeastern U.S.A.
United States
West Virginia
4
Naturalized
Northern America
Northwestern U.S.A.
United States
Colorado
4
Naturalized
Northern America
Northwestern U.S.A.
United States
Idaho
4
Naturalized
Northern America
Northwestern U.S.A.
United States
Montana
4
Naturalized
Northern America
Northwestern U.S.A.
United States
Oregon
4
Naturalized
Northern America
Northwestern U.S.A.
United States
Washington
4
Naturalized
Northern America
Northwestern U.S.A.
United States
Wyoming
4
Naturalized
Northern America
South-Central U.S.A.
United States
New Mexico
4
Naturalized
Northern America
Southeastern U.S.A.
United States
North Carolina
4
Naturalized
Northern America
Southeastern U.S.A.
United States
Tennessee
4
Naturalized
Northern America
Southeastern U.S.A.
United States
Virginia
4
Naturalized
Northern America
Southwestern U.S.A.
United States
California
4
Naturalized
Northern America
Southwestern U.S.A.
United States
Utah
4
Naturalized
Northern America
Western Canada
Canada
British Columbia
4
Naturalized
Northern America
Western Canada
Canada
Manitoba
4
Naturalized
Northern America
Western Canada
Canada
Saskatchewan
6
Other
possible origin e. Europe
Native
Europe
EASTERN EUROPE:
Moldova
Cultivated
REGION:
Africa
SOUTHERN AFRICA:
South Africa
Asia-Temperate
CHINA:
China
Asia-Tropical
MALESIA:
Indonesia
,
Malaysia
,
Philippines
Australasia
NEW ZEALAND:
New Zealand
Europe
NORTHERN EUROPE:
Ireland
MIDDLE EUROPE:
Austria
,
Belgium
,
Germany
SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE:
Italy
Northern America
REGION:
Canada
,
United States
Naturalized
Asia-Temperate
CAUCASUS:
Armenia
SIBERIA:
Russian Federation-Western Siberia
[Western Siberia],
Russian Federation-Eastern Siberia
[Eastern Siberia]
MIDDLE ASIA:
Turkmenistan
RUSSIAN FAR EAST:
Russian Federation-Far East
[Far East]
CHINA:
China
[Heilongjiang Sheng, Hebei Sheng, Jiangsu Sheng, Jilin Sheng, Liaoning Sheng]
EASTERN ASIA:
Japan
[Hokkaidô, Honshu]
Australasia
NEW ZEALAND:
New Zealand
Europe
NORTHERN EUROPE:
Denmark
,
Finland
,
United Kingdom
,
Ireland
,
Norway
,
Sweden
MIDDLE EUROPE:
Austria
,
Belgium
,
Switzerland
,
Czech Republic
,
Germany
,
Hungary
,
Netherlands
,
Poland
EASTERN EUROPE:
Russian Federation-European part
[European part],
Belarus
,
Estonia
,
Lithuania
,
Latvia
,
Ukraine
SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE:
Albania
,
Bulgaria
,
Bosnia and Herzegovina
,
Greece
,
Croatia
,
Italy
,
North Macedonia
,
Romania
,
Serbia
,
Slovenia
,
Turkey
[Kırklareli]
SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE:
Spain
,
France
Northern America
EASTERN CANADA:
Canada
[Québec, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick]
WESTERN CANADA:
Canada
[Saskatchewan, Manitoba, British Columbia]
NORTHEASTERN U.S.A.:
United States
[Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia]
NORTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.:
United States
[Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wisconsin]
NORTHWESTERN U.S.A.:
United States
[Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming]
SOUTHEASTERN U.S.A.:
United States
[North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia]
SOUTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.:
United States
[New Mexico]
SOUTHWESTERN U.S.A.:
United States
[California, Utah]
Other
(possible origin e. Europe)
Economic Uses
Usage
Type
Note
Reference
Food additives
flavoring
Rehm, S. & G. Espig.
1991. The cultivated plants of the tropics and subtropics
Materials
chemicals
source of peroxidase used in biochemistry and immunology
Guzman, C. C. de & J. S. Siemonsma, eds.
1999. Spices. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 13:76-80.
URL:
http://proseanet.org
Medicines
folklore
Komarov, V. L. et al., eds.
1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
Medicines
folklore
Duke, J. A. et al.
2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
Medicines
folklore
McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker.
2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
Medicines
folklore
Dorofeev, V.
1996. pers. comm.
Note:
re. common names
Vertebrate poisons
mammals
Kingsbury, J. M.
1964. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada.
Note:
poisonous
Vertebrate poisons
mammals
Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson.
1998. Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning
Note:
poisonous
Weed
FNA Editorial Committee.
1993-. Flora of North America.
URL:
http://floranorthamerica.org/
Name
References