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Taxon:  Megathyrsus maximus (Jacq.) B. K. Simon & S. W. L. Jacobs



Summary
Genus:
Megathyrsus
Family:
Poaceae (alt. Gramineae)
Subfamily:
Panicoideae
Tribe:
Paniceae
Subtribe:
Melinidinae
Nomen number:
447623
Place of publication:
Austrobaileya 6:572. 2003
Verified:
01/05/2005 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
108 (108  active, 69  available) in National Plant Germplasm System.  (Map it)
Other conspecific taxa
Megathyrsus maximus (Jacq.) B. K. Simon & S. W. L. Jacobs var. coloratus (C. T. White) B. K. Simon & S. W. L. Jacobs (0 active accession[s])
Megathyrsus maximus (Jacq.) B. K. Simon & S. W. L. Jacobs var. maximus (0 active accession[s])
Megathyrsus maximus (Jacq.) B. K. Simon & S. W. L. Jacobs var. pubiglumis (K. Schum.) B. K. Simon & S. W. L. Jacobs (0 active accession[s])
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Basionym
Panicum maximum Jacq.

Homotypic Synonym(s)
Panicum maximum Jacq. var. maximum
Urochloa maxima (Jacq.) R. D. Webster

Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Panicum hirsutissimum Steud.
Panicum maximum Jacq. var. hirsutissimum (Steud.) Oliv.
Panicum maximum Jacq. var. trichoglume Robyns
No images


Reference(s)
  1. Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & M. T. Strong. Flora of the West Indies (on-line resource). URL: http://botany.si.edu/Antilles/WestIndies/results.cfm
  2. Barbosa de Sousa, A. C. et al. 2011. Molecular diversity and genetic structure of Guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq.), a tropical pasture grass. Trop. Pl. Biol. 4:185-202. Note: = Panicum maximum Jacq.
  3. Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource). URL: http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2010/
  4. Giraldo-Cañas, D. 2011. Catálogo de la familia Poaceae en Colombia. Darwiniana 49:139-247.
  5. Howell, C. J. & J. W. D. Sawyer. 2006. New Zealand naturalised vascular plant checklist URL: http://www.nzpcn.org.nz/publications/Naturalised-list-06-new.pdf Note: = Panicum maximum Jacq.
  6. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares. URL: http://www2.darwin.edu.ar/Proyectos/FloraArgentina/FA.asp Note: recognizes vars. maximus and pubiglumis
  7. International Seed Testing Association. 1982. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 1. Field crops, grasses and vegetables, ed. 2.
  8. Kabelo, M. & D. Mafokate. 2004. A checklist of Botswana grasses. S. African Bot. Diversity Network Rep. 24:1-16. Note: = Panicum maximum Jacq.
  9. Randall, R. P. 2007. The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status. URL: http://www.weeds.org.au/docs/intro_flora_australia.pdf
  10. Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants Note: = Panicum maximum Jacq.
  11. Tovar, Ó. 1993. Las gramíneas (Poaceae) del Perú. Ruizia 13:322. Note: = Panicum maximum Jacq.
  12. Villaseñor, J. L. & F. J. Espinoza-Garcia. 2004. The alien flowering plants of Mexico. Diversity & Distrib. 10:113-123. Note: = Panicum maximum Jacq.
  13. Wagner, W. L. et al. Flora of the Hawaiian Islands (on-line resource). URL: http://botany.si.edu/pacificislandbiodiversity/hawaiianflora/query2.cfm Note: = Urochloa maxima (Jacq.) R. D. Webster
  14. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition). URL: http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=2 Note: = Panicum maximum Jacq.
  15. Wunderlin, R. & B. Hansen. Atlas of Florida vascular plants (on-line resource). URL: http://www.florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/ Note: = Panicum maximum Jacq.
  16. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae) (on-line resource). URL: http://www.tropicos.org/NameSearch.aspx?projectid=10
  17. Plants of southern Africa: an online checklist. URL: http://posa.sanbi.org/searchspp.php Note: = Panicum maximum Jacq.
Common names
English
green panic grass –
Guinea grass –
French
herbe de Guinée –
German
Guineagras –
Italian
erba della Guinea –
Portuguese (Brazil)
capim-colonião –
Spanish
mijo de Guinea –
pasto Guinea –
Swedish
guineagräs –
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNote
1NativeAfricaEast Tropical AfricaKenya  
1NativeAfricaEast Tropical AfricaTanzania  
1NativeAfricaEast Tropical AfricaUganda  
1NativeAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaEritrea  
1NativeAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaEthiopia  
1NativeAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaSomalia  
1NativeAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaSudan  
1NativeAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaAngola  
1NativeAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaMalawi  
1NativeAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaMozambique  
1NativeAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaZambia  
1NativeAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaZimbabwe  
1NativeAfricaSouthern AfricaBotswana  
1NativeAfricaSouthern AfricaEswatini  
1NativeAfricaSouthern AfricaLesotho  
1NativeAfricaSouthern AfricaNamibia  
1NativeAfricaSouthern AfricaSouth Africa  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaBenin  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaCôte D'Ivoire  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaGhana  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaLiberia  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaNigeria  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaSenegal  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaSierra Leone  
1NativeAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaCameroon  
1NativeAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaDemocratic Republic of the Congo  
1NativeAfricaWestern Indian OceanMadagascar  
1NativeAfricaWestern Indian OceanMauritius  
1NativeAsia-TemperateArabian PeninsulaYemen  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateChinaChinaGuangdong Sheng 
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaJapan  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaTaiwan  
4NaturalizedAustralasiaAustraliaAustraliaNew South Wales 
4NaturalizedAustralasiaAustraliaAustraliaNorthern Territory 
4NaturalizedAustralasiaAustraliaAustraliaQueensland 
4NaturalizedAustralasiaAustraliaAustraliaSouth Australias.e.
4NaturalizedAustralasiaAustraliaAustraliaWestern Australia 
4NaturalizedAustralasiaNew ZealandNew Zealand  
4NaturalizedNorthern America Mexico  
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesFlorida 
4NaturalizedPacificNorth-Central PacificUnited StatesHawaii 
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaBrazilBrazilAmazonas 
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaBrazilBrazilGoiás 
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaBrazilBrazilMato Grosso 
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaBrazilBrazilMato Grosso do Sul 
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaBrazilBrazilMinas Gerais 
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaBrazilBrazilSão Paulo 
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanBahamas  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanCuba  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanGuadeloupe  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanHispaniola  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanJamaica  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanUnited StatesPuerto Rico 
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCentral AmericaCosta Rica  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCentral AmericaEl Salvador  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCentral AmericaGuatemala  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCentral AmericaHonduras  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCentral AmericaNicaragua  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCentral AmericaPanama  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaNorthern South AmericaFrench Guiana  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaNorthern South AmericaGuyana  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaArgentina  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaParaguay  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaBolivia  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaColombia  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaEcuador  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaEcuadorGalápagos 
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaPeru  
Native
Africa
  • NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan, Somalia
  • EAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
  • WEST-CENTRAL TROPICAL AFRICA: Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo
  • WEST TROPICAL AFRICA: Benin, Côte D'Ivoire, Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone
  • SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA: Angola, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe
  • SOUTHERN AFRICA: Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, Eswatini, South Africa
  • WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN: Madagascar, Mauritius
Asia-Temperate
  • ARABIAN PENINSULA: Yemen
Cultivated
Asia-Temperate
  • CHINA: China [Guangdong Sheng]
  • EASTERN ASIA: Japan, Taiwan
Naturalized
Australasia
  • AUSTRALIA: Australia [New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia (s.e.), Western Australia, Northern Territory]
  • NEW ZEALAND: New Zealand
Northern America
  • SOUTHEASTERN U.S.A.: United States [Florida]
  • REGION: Mexico
Pacific
  • NORTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: United States [Hawaii]
Southern America
  • CARIBBEAN: Hispaniola, Bahamas, Cuba, Guadeloupe, Jamaica, United States [Puerto Rico]
  • CENTRAL AMERICA: Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, El Salvador
  • NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: French Guiana, Guyana
  • BRAZIL: Brazil [Amazonas, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, São Paulo]
  • WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA: Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador [Galápagos], Peru
  • SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina, Paraguay
Economic Uses
UsageTypeNoteReference
Animal foodfodderas P. maximumVeldkamp, J. F. 1996. Revision of Panicum and Whiteochloa in Malesia (Gramineae-Paniceae). Blumea 41:197. URL: http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/blumea
Animal foodforagethe most important cultivated forage grass in tropical America, as P. maximumHitchcock, A. S. 1950. Manual of the grasses of the United States, ed. 2.
Vertebrate poisonsmammalsas Panicum maximumKellerman, T. S. et al. 1988. Plant poisonings and mycotoxicoses of livestock in Southern Africa
Weedpotential seed contaminantas P. maximumCIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland. Documenta CIBA-GEIGY (Grass weeds 1. 1980, 2. 1981; Monocot weeds 3. 1982; Dicot weeds 1. 1988) Note: four books on weeds worldwide in scope


ILRI Germplasm Policy (excerpts)

The International Livestock research Institute (ILRI) maintains a collection of forage germplasm as a global public good. The material was acquired prior to the entry into force of the Convention on Biological Diversity; or if it was acquired after the entering into force of the Convention on Biological Diversity, it was obtained with the understanding that it was held in trust and could be made available for any agricultural research, breeding and training purposes under the terms and conditions set out in the agreement between the ILRI and FAO dated 26 October 1994. On 16 October 2006, ILRI signed an agreement with the Governing Body of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (the Treaty) placing these in trust collections of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (PGRFA) within the purview of the Treaty.

In accordance with this Agreement, all shipments of PGRFA of crops listed in Annex 1 to the Treaty (shipments of PGRFA under the Multilateral System) will be subject to the terms and conditions of the Standard Material Transfer Agreement (SMTA). In the event that the SMTA (attached) is used for the transfer of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture other than those listed in Annex 1 of the Treaty: i) The references in the SMTA to the "Multilateral System" shall not be interpreted as limiting the application of the SMTA to Annex 1 Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, and in the case of Article 6.2 of the SMTA shall mean "under this Agreement". ii) The reference in Article 6.11 and Annex 3 of the SMTA to "Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture belonging to the same crop, as set out in Annex 1 to the Treaty" shall be taken to mean "Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture belonging to the same crop".

The material is held in trust and the recipient has no rights to obtain Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) on the material or related information. The recipient may utilize and conserve the material for research, breeding and training and may distribute it to other parties provided such parties accept the terms and conditions of the SMTA .

ILRI will provide forage seeds in small experimental quantities of between 1 and 20 grams without charge from the germplasm collection under the SMTA as appropriate for the crop as part of its policy of maximizing the utilization of material for research, breeding and training. Larger quantities sufficient to sow up to one quarter of a hectare of a limited number of promising accessions will require that requesters cover the costs of production and shipping.

ILRI makes no warranties as to the safety or title of the material, nor as to the accuracy or correctness of any passport or other data provided with the material. Neither does it make any warranties as to the quality, viability, or purity (genetic or mechanical) of the material being furnished. The phytosanitary condition of the material is warranted only as described in the attached phytosanitary certificate. The recipient assumes full responsibility for complying with the recipient nation’s quarantine and biosafety regulations and rules as to import or release of genetic material.