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Taxon:  Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach.) Morrone



Summary
Genus:
Cenchrus
Family:
Poaceae (alt. Gramineae)
Subfamily:
Panicoideae
Tribe:
Paniceae
Subtribe:
Cenchrinae
Nomen number:
464278
Place of publication:
Ann. Bot. (Oxford) ser. 2, 106:129. 2010
Verified:
01/17/2012 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
244 (244  active, 2  available) in National Plant Germplasm System.  (Map it)
Other conspecific taxa
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Basionym
Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.

Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Pennisetum benthamii Steud.
No images


Reference(s)
  1. Chemisquy, M. A. et al. 2010. Phylogenetic studies favour the unification of Pennisetum, Cenchrus and Odontelytrum (Poaceae): a combined nuclear, plastid and morphological analysis, and nomenclatural combinations in Cenchrus. Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 106:107-130. URL: http://aob.oxfordjournals.org/content/by/year
  2. Devos, K. M. et al. 2009. Chapter 8. Pearl Millet. Genome mapping and molecular breeding in plants (7 vols.) Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. 1:303-323.
  3. Lowe, A. J. et al. 2003. Characterisation of germplasm accessions of Napier grass (pennisetum purpureum and P. purpureum × P. glaucum Hybrids) and comparison with farm clones using RAPD. Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 50:121-132. URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/10722
  4. Veldkamp, J. F. 2014. A revision of Cenchrus incl. Pennisetum (Gramineae) in Malesia with some general nomenclatural notes. Blumea 59:59-75. URL: http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/blumea
  5. Verloove, F. 2012. New combinations in Cenchrus (Paniceae, Poaceae) in Europe and the Mediterranean area. Willdenowia 42:77-78. URL: http://www.bgbm.org/bgbmpress/willdenowia.htm
Common names
English
barner grass –
elephant grass –
Merker grass –
Napier grass –
Afrikaans
olifantsgras –
French
napier –
German
Elefantengras –
Portuguese
capim-elefante –
Portuguese (Brazil)
capim-napiê –
capim-napier-elefante –
Spanish
hierba elefante –
pasto elefante –
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNote
1NativeAfricaEast Tropical AfricaKenya  
1NativeAfricaEast Tropical AfricaTanzania  
1NativeAfricaEast Tropical AfricaUganda  
1NativeAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaEthiopia s.
1NativeAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaAngola  
1NativeAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaMalawi  
1NativeAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaMozambique  
1NativeAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaZambia  
1NativeAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaZimbabwe  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaCôte D'Ivoire  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaGhana  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaGuinea  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaLiberia  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaNigeria  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaSierra Leone  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaTogo  
1NativeAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaCameroon  
2CultivatedAfrica Africa  
3AdventiveAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaIsrael  
4NaturalizedAfricaMacaronesiaPortugalMadeira Islands 
4NaturalizedAfricaMacaronesiaSpainCanary Islands 
4NaturalizedAfricaNorthern AfricaMorocco  
4NaturalizedAfricaSouthern AfricaEswatini  
4NaturalizedAfricaSouthern AfricaSouth Africa  
4NaturalizedAfricaWestern Indian OceanReunion  
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaCyprus  
4NaturalizedAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentBhutan  
4NaturalizedAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentIndia  
4NaturalizedAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaCambodia  
4NaturalizedAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaLaos  
4NaturalizedAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaMyanmar  
4NaturalizedAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaThailand  
4NaturalizedAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaVietnam  
4NaturalizedAsia-TropicalMalesiaIndonesia  
4NaturalizedAsia-TropicalMalesiaMalaysia  
4NaturalizedAsia-TropicalMalesiaPhilippines  
4NaturalizedAsia-TropicalPapuasiaPapua New Guinea  
4NaturalizedAsia-TropicalPapuasiaSolomon Islands  
4NaturalizedAustralasiaAustraliaAustraliaNew South Walese.
4NaturalizedAustralasiaAustraliaAustraliaNorthern Territoryn.
4NaturalizedAustralasiaAustraliaAustraliaQueenslande.
4NaturalizedAustralasiaAustraliaAustraliaWestern Australias.w.
4NaturalizedAustralasiaNew ZealandNew Zealand  
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNorthern MexicoMexicoNuevo León 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSouth-Central U.S.A.United StatesTexass.
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesFlorida 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSouthern MexicoMexicoCampeche 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSouthern MexicoMexicoChiapas 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSouthern MexicoMexicoOaxaca 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSouthern MexicoMexicoTabasco 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSouthern MexicoMexicoVeracruz de Ignacio de la Llave 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSouthern MexicoMexicoYucatán 
4NaturalizedPacificNorth-Central PacificUnited StatesHawaii 
4NaturalizedPacificNorthwestern PacificMicronesia  
4NaturalizedPacificNorthwestern PacificPalau  
4NaturalizedPacificNorthwestern PacificUnited StatesGuam 
4NaturalizedPacificNorthwestern PacificUnited StatesNorthern Mariana Islands 
4NaturalizedPacificSouth-Central PacificCook Islands  
4NaturalizedPacificSouth-Central PacificFrench Polynesia  
4NaturalizedPacificSouthwestern PacificFiji  
4NaturalizedPacificSouthwestern PacificNew Caledonia  
4NaturalizedPacificSouthwestern PacificNiue  
4NaturalizedPacificSouthwestern PacificWallis and Futuna Islands  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaBrazilBrazil  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanAntigua and Barbuda  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanCuba  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanGrenada  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanJamaica  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanSt. Lucia  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanUnited StatesPuerto Rico 
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCentral AmericaBelize  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCentral AmericaCosta Rica  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCentral AmericaEl Salvador  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCentral AmericaGuatemala  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCentral AmericaHonduras  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCentral AmericaNicaragua  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCentral AmericaPanama  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaNorthern South AmericaFrench Guiana  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaNorthern South AmericaGuyana  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaNorthern South AmericaSuriname  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaNorthern South AmericaVenezuela  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaArgentina  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaParaguay  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaUruguay  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaBolivia  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaColombia  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaEcuador  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaEcuadorGalápagos 
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaPeru  
Native
Africa
  • NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Ethiopia (s.)
  • EAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
  • WEST-CENTRAL TROPICAL AFRICA: Cameroon
  • WEST TROPICAL AFRICA: Côte D'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Togo
  • SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA: Angola, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Cultivated
Africa
  • REGION: Africa
Adventive
Asia-Temperate
  • WESTERN ASIA: Israel
Naturalized
Africa
  • MACARONESIA: Spain [Canary Islands], Portugal [Madeira Islands]
  • NORTHERN AFRICA: Morocco
  • SOUTHERN AFRICA: Eswatini, South Africa
  • WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN: Reunion
Asia-Temperate
  • WESTERN ASIA: Cyprus
Asia-Tropical
  • INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: Bhutan, India
  • PAPUASIA: Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands
  • INDO-CHINA: Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam
  • MALESIA: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines
Australasia
  • AUSTRALIA: Australia [New South Wales (e.), Queensland (e.), Western Australia (s.w.), Northern Territory (n.)]
  • NEW ZEALAND: New Zealand
Northern America
  • SOUTHEASTERN U.S.A.: United States [Florida]
  • SOUTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.: United States [Texas (s.)]
  • NORTHERN MEXICO: Mexico [Nuevo León]
  • SOUTHERN MEXICO: Mexico [Campeche, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave, Yucatán]
Pacific
  • NORTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: United States [Hawaii]
  • NORTHWESTERN PACIFIC: Micronesia, Palau, United States [Guam, Northern Mariana Islands]
  • SOUTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: Cook Islands, French Polynesia
  • SOUTHWESTERN PACIFIC: Fiji, New Caledonia, Niue, Wallis and Futuna Islands
Southern America
  • CARIBBEAN: Antigua and Barbuda, Cuba, Grenada, Jamaica, St. Lucia, United States [Puerto Rico]
  • CENTRAL AMERICA: Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, El Salvador
  • NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela
  • BRAZIL: Brazil
  • WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA: Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador [Galápagos], Peru
  • SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay
Economic Uses
UsageTypeNoteReference
Animal foodfodder 't Mannetje, L. & R. M. Jones, eds. 1992. Forages. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 4:191. URL: http://proseanet.org
Animal foodforage 't Mannetje, L. & R. M. Jones, eds. 1992. Forages. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 4:191. URL: http://proseanet.org
Environmentalerosion control Hitchcock, A. S. 1950. Manual of the grasses of the United States, ed. 2.
Environmentalornamental FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America. URL: http://floranorthamerica.org/
Weedpotential seed contaminant CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland. Documenta CIBA-GEIGY (Grass weeds 1. 1980, 2. 1981; Monocot weeds 3. 1982; Dicot weeds 1. 1988) Note: four books on weeds worldwide in scope
Weedpotential seed contaminant Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds


ILRI Germplasm Policy (excerpts)

The International Livestock research Institute (ILRI) maintains a collection of forage germplasm as a global public good. The material was acquired prior to the entry into force of the Convention on Biological Diversity; or if it was acquired after the entering into force of the Convention on Biological Diversity, it was obtained with the understanding that it was held in trust and could be made available for any agricultural research, breeding and training purposes under the terms and conditions set out in the agreement between the ILRI and FAO dated 26 October 1994. On 16 October 2006, ILRI signed an agreement with the Governing Body of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (the Treaty) placing these in trust collections of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (PGRFA) within the purview of the Treaty.

In accordance with this Agreement, all shipments of PGRFA of crops listed in Annex 1 to the Treaty (shipments of PGRFA under the Multilateral System) will be subject to the terms and conditions of the Standard Material Transfer Agreement (SMTA). In the event that the SMTA (attached) is used for the transfer of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture other than those listed in Annex 1 of the Treaty: i) The references in the SMTA to the "Multilateral System" shall not be interpreted as limiting the application of the SMTA to Annex 1 Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, and in the case of Article 6.2 of the SMTA shall mean "under this Agreement". ii) The reference in Article 6.11 and Annex 3 of the SMTA to "Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture belonging to the same crop, as set out in Annex 1 to the Treaty" shall be taken to mean "Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture belonging to the same crop".

The material is held in trust and the recipient has no rights to obtain Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) on the material or related information. The recipient may utilize and conserve the material for research, breeding and training and may distribute it to other parties provided such parties accept the terms and conditions of the SMTA .

ILRI will provide forage seeds in small experimental quantities of between 1 and 20 grams without charge from the germplasm collection under the SMTA as appropriate for the crop as part of its policy of maximizing the utilization of material for research, breeding and training. Larger quantities sufficient to sow up to one quarter of a hectare of a limited number of promising accessions will require that requesters cover the costs of production and shipping.

ILRI makes no warranties as to the safety or title of the material, nor as to the accuracy or correctness of any passport or other data provided with the material. Neither does it make any warranties as to the quality, viability, or purity (genetic or mechanical) of the material being furnished. The phytosanitary condition of the material is warranted only as described in the attached phytosanitary certificate. The recipient assumes full responsibility for complying with the recipient nation’s quarantine and biosafety regulations and rules as to import or release of genetic material.