Bee plants | honey production | | Ortega-Sada, J. L. 1987. Flora de interes apicola y polinizacion de cultivos. |
Bee plants | honey production | | Correll, D. S. & M. C. Johnston. 1970. Manual of the vascular plants of Texas |
Environmental | erosion control | | Little, E. L., Jr. 1978. Important forest trees of the United States |
Environmental | ornamental | | Little, E. L., Jr. 1978. Important forest trees of the United States |
Environmental | ornamental | | Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds |
Environmental | revegetator | | Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds |
Environmental | revegetator | | Fowells, H. A. 1965. Silvics of forest trees of the United States. |
Environmental | shade/shelter | for shelterbelts | Little, E. L., Jr. 1978. Important forest trees of the United States |
Environmental | soil improver | | Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds |
Environmental | soil improver | | Fowells, H. A. 1965. Silvics of forest trees of the United States. |
Fuels | potential as fuelwood | | Nasir, S. M. & M. Athar. 1998. Fuelwood as an energy source. Phytologia 85:106. URL: http://www.phytologia.org/ |
Materials | wood | | Little, E. L., Jr. 1978. Important forest trees of the United States |
Medicines | folklore | | Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs |
Medicines | folklore | | McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland. |
Vertebrate poisons | mammals | | Kingsbury, J. M. 1964. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada. Note: poisonous |
Vertebrate poisons | mammals | | Lampe, K. F. & M. A. McCann. 1985. AMA handbook of poisonous and injurious plants Note: poisonous |
Weed | | | Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds |
Weed | | | Henderson, L. 2001. Alien weeds and invasive plants: a complete guide to declared weeds and invaders in South Africa. Plant Protection Research Institute, Handbook 12 |