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Taxon:  Betula pendula Roth



Summary
Genus:
Betula
Subgenus:
Betula
Section:
Betula
Family:
Betulaceae
Subfamily:
Betuloideae
Nomen number:
7127
Place of publication:
Tent. fl. Germ. 1:405. 1788
Verified:
09/15/2015 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
0 (0  active, 0  available) in National Plant Germplasm System. 
Other conspecific taxa
Betula pendula Roth subsp. mandshurica (Regel) Ashburner & McAll. (0 active accession[s])
Betula pendula Roth subsp. pendula (0 active accession[s])
Betula pendula Roth subsp. szechuanica (C. K. Schneid.) Ashburner & McAll. (0 active accession[s])
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Betula pendula Roth f. purpurea (André) C. K. Schneid.
No images


Reference(s)
  1. Afonin, A. N., S. L. Greene, N. I. Dzyubenko, & A. N. Frolov, eds. Interactive agricultural ecological atlas of Russia and neighboring countries. Economic plants and their diseases, pests and weeds (on-line resource). URL: http://www.agroatlas.ru/en/content/related/Betula_pendula/
  2. Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource) www.skud.info
  3. Ashburner, K. & H. A. McAllister. 2013. The genus Betula, a taxonomic revision of birches Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 277-297.
  4. Bisset, N. G., ed. 1994. Herbal drugs and phytopharmaceuticals. A handbook for practice on a scientific basis CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida. Note: translation of German edition by M. Wichtl, ed.
  5. Campbell, F. T., ed. 1995. Report of National Coalition of Exotic Plant Pest Councils (unpublished draft)
  6. Castroviejo, S. et al., eds. 1989-. Flora iberica: plantas vasculares de la Peninsula Iberica e Islas Baleares.
  7. Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959-. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae.
  8. Czerepanov, S. K. 1973. Additamenta et corrigenda ad "Floram URSS."
  9. Davis, P. H., ed. 1965-1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
  10. Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage
  11. Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). URL: http://www.emplantbase.org/home.html
  12. FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America. URL: http://floranorthamerica.org/
  13. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource). URL: http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropListDetails?code=&relation=beginsWith&name=Betula+pendula&quantity=1
  14. Gleason, H. A. & A. Cronquist. 1963. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada.
  15. Govaerts, R. & D. G. Frodin. 1998. World checklist and bibliography of Fagales URL: http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/home.do
  16. Govaerts, R. 1996. (1261) Proposal to reject the name Betula alba (Betulaceae). Taxon 45:697-698. URL: http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/iapt/tax
  17. Greuter, W. et al., eds. 1984-. Med-Checklist.
  18. Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
  19. International Seed Testing Association. 1971. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 2. Trees.
  20. Jalas, J. & J. Suominen. 1972-. Atlas florae europaeae.
  21. Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2
  22. Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.
  23. Meyer, F. G. et al. 1994. A catalog of cultivated woody plants of the southeastern United States
  24. Personal Care Products Council. INCI URL: http://www.personalcarecouncil.org/public/what-inci
  25. Pignatti, S. 1982. Flora d'Italia.
  26. Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963-. Flora iranica.
  27. Rehder, A. 1949. Bibliography of cultivated trees and shrubs.
  28. Scoggan, H. J. 1978-1979. The flora of Canada, 4 vol.
  29. Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1993. Flora europaea, ed. 2.
  30. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition). URL: http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=2
Common names
English
European white birch –
silver birch –
weeping birch –
French
bouleau pleureur –
Italian
betulla –
Swedish
vårtbjörk –
Transcribed Chinese
chui zhi hua –
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNote
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaMorocco n.
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaGansu Sheng 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaHebei Sheng 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaHeilongjiang Sheng 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaHenan Sheng 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaJiangsu Sheng 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaJilin Sheng 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaLiaoning Sheng 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaNei Mongol Zizhiqu 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaNingxia Huizi Zizhiqu 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaQinghai Sheng 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaShaanxi Sheng 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaShanxi Sheng 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaSichuan Shengw.
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaXinjiang Uygur Zizhiqun.
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaXizang Zizhiqus.e.
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaYunnan Shengn.
1NativeAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaJapanHokkaidô 
1NativeAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaJapanHonshu 
1NativeAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaKorea, North  
1NativeAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaKazakhstan n.
1NativeAsia-TemperateMongoliaMongolia  
1NativeAsia-TemperateRussian Far EastRussian FederationAmur 
1NativeAsia-TemperateRussian Far EastRussian FederationKamchatka 
1NativeAsia-TemperateRussian Far EastRussian FederationMagadan 
1NativeAsia-TemperateRussian Far EastRussian FederationPrimorye 
1NativeAsia-TemperateRussian Far EastRussian FederationSakhalin 
1NativeAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian FederationBuryatia 
1NativeAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian FederationChita 
1NativeAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian FederationYakutia-Sakha 
1NativeAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian Federation-Western SiberiaWestern Siberia 
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaIran n.
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaIraq n.
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaTurkey  
1NativeEuropeEastern EuropeRussian Federation-European partEuropean part 
1NativeEuropeEastern EuropeUkraine incl. Krym
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeAustria  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeBelgium  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeCzech Republic  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeGermany  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeHungary  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeNetherlands  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropePoland  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeSlovakia  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeSwitzerland  
1NativeEuropeNorthern EuropeDenmark  
1NativeEuropeNorthern EuropeFinland  
1NativeEuropeNorthern EuropeIreland  
1NativeEuropeNorthern EuropeNorway  
1NativeEuropeNorthern EuropeSweden  
1NativeEuropeNorthern EuropeUnited Kingdom  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeAlbania  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeBosnia and Herzegovina  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeBulgaria  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeCroatia  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeGreece  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeItaly incl. Sicily
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeMontenegro  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeNorth Macedonia  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeRomania  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeSerbia  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeSlovenia  
1NativeEuropeSouthwestern EuropeFrance incl. Corsica
1NativeEuropeSouthwestern EuropeSpain  
1NativeNorthern AmericaEastern CanadaCanadaOntariow.
1NativeNorthern AmericaSubarctic AmericaCanadaYukon 
1NativeNorthern AmericaSubarctic AmericaUnited StatesAlaska 
1NativeNorthern AmericaWestern CanadaCanadaAlberta 
1NativeNorthern AmericaWestern CanadaCanadaBritish Columbia 
1NativeNorthern AmericaWestern CanadaCanadaManitoba 
1NativeNorthern AmericaWestern CanadaCanadaSaskatchewan 
2Cultivated    also cult.
4Naturalized    sometimes natzd. elsewhere
Native
Africa
  • NORTHERN AFRICA: Morocco (n.)
Asia-Temperate
  • WESTERN ASIA: Iran (n.), Iraq (n.), Turkey
  • SIBERIA: Russian Federation-Western Siberia [Western Siberia], Russian Federation [Buryatia, Yakutia-Sakha, Chita]
  • MIDDLE ASIA: Kazakhstan (n.)
  • MONGOLIA: Mongolia
  • RUSSIAN FAR EAST: Russian Federation [Primorye, Amur, Kamchatka, Magadan, Sakhalin]
  • CHINA: China [Heilongjiang Sheng, Henan Sheng, Hebei Sheng, Gansu Sheng, Jiangsu Sheng, Jilin Sheng, Liaoning Sheng, Shanxi Sheng, Shaanxi Sheng, Sichuan Sheng (w.), Qinghai Sheng, Yunnan Sheng (n.), Nei Mongol Zizhiqu, Ningxia Huizi Zizhiqu, Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu (n.), Xizang Zizhiqu (s.e.)]
  • EASTERN ASIA: Japan [Hokkaidô, Honshu], Korea, North
Europe
  • NORTHERN EUROPE: Denmark, Finland, United Kingdom, Ireland, Norway, Sweden
  • MIDDLE EUROPE: Austria, Belgium, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia
  • EASTERN EUROPE: Russian Federation-European part [European part], Ukraine (incl. Krym)
  • SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Albania, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Greece, Croatia, Italy (incl. Sicily), North Macedonia, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia
  • SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Spain, France (incl. Corsica)
Northern America
  • SUBARCTIC AMERICA: Canada [Yukon], United States [Alaska]
  • EASTERN CANADA: Canada [Ontario (w.)]
  • WESTERN CANADA: Canada [Saskatchewan, Alberta, Manitoba, British Columbia]
Cultivated (also cult.)
Naturalized (sometimes natzd. elsewhere)
Economic Uses
UsageTypeNoteReference
Environmentalornamental Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.
Environmentalornamental Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
Materialslipidssource of birch tar lipidsLeung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2
Medicinesfolklore Bisset, N. G., ed. 1994. Herbal drugs and phytopharmaceuticals. A handbook for practice on a scientific basis CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida. Note: translation of German edition by M. Wichtl, ed.
Weedpotential seed contaminant Campbell, F. T., ed. 1995. Report of National Coalition of Exotic Plant Pest Councils (unpublished draft)


ILRI Germplasm Policy (excerpts)

The International Livestock research Institute (ILRI) maintains a collection of forage germplasm as a global public good. The material was acquired prior to the entry into force of the Convention on Biological Diversity; or if it was acquired after the entering into force of the Convention on Biological Diversity, it was obtained with the understanding that it was held in trust and could be made available for any agricultural research, breeding and training purposes under the terms and conditions set out in the agreement between the ILRI and FAO dated 26 October 1994. On 16 October 2006, ILRI signed an agreement with the Governing Body of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (the Treaty) placing these in trust collections of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (PGRFA) within the purview of the Treaty.

In accordance with this Agreement, all shipments of PGRFA of crops listed in Annex 1 to the Treaty (shipments of PGRFA under the Multilateral System) will be subject to the terms and conditions of the Standard Material Transfer Agreement (SMTA). In the event that the SMTA (attached) is used for the transfer of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture other than those listed in Annex 1 of the Treaty: i) The references in the SMTA to the "Multilateral System" shall not be interpreted as limiting the application of the SMTA to Annex 1 Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, and in the case of Article 6.2 of the SMTA shall mean "under this Agreement". ii) The reference in Article 6.11 and Annex 3 of the SMTA to "Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture belonging to the same crop, as set out in Annex 1 to the Treaty" shall be taken to mean "Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture belonging to the same crop".

The material is held in trust and the recipient has no rights to obtain Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) on the material or related information. The recipient may utilize and conserve the material for research, breeding and training and may distribute it to other parties provided such parties accept the terms and conditions of the SMTA .

ILRI will provide forage seeds in small experimental quantities of between 1 and 20 grams without charge from the germplasm collection under the SMTA as appropriate for the crop as part of its policy of maximizing the utilization of material for research, breeding and training. Larger quantities sufficient to sow up to one quarter of a hectare of a limited number of promising accessions will require that requesters cover the costs of production and shipping.

ILRI makes no warranties as to the safety or title of the material, nor as to the accuracy or correctness of any passport or other data provided with the material. Neither does it make any warranties as to the quality, viability, or purity (genetic or mechanical) of the material being furnished. The phytosanitary condition of the material is warranted only as described in the attached phytosanitary certificate. The recipient assumes full responsibility for complying with the recipient nation’s quarantine and biosafety regulations and rules as to import or release of genetic material.