Taxon:
Calendula officinalis L.
Summary
Place of publication:
Sp. pl. 2:921. 1753
Verified:
02/28/2012
ARS Systematic Botanists.
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Reference(s)
- Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource) www.skud.info
- Ali, S. I. & S. M. H. Jafri, eds. 1976-. Flora of Libya.
- Allan, H. H. B. et al. 1961-. Flora of New Zealand. URL: http://floraseries.landcareresearch.co.nz/pages/index.aspx
- Ao, C. 2007. Comparative anatomy of bisexual and female florets, embryology in Calendula officinalis (Asteraceae), a naturalized horticultural crop. Sci. Hort. 114:214-219.
- Bisset, N. G., ed. 1994. Herbal drugs and phytopharmaceuticals. A handbook for practice on a scientific basis CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida. Note: translation of German edition by M. Wichtl, ed.
- Bosser, J. M. et al., eds. 1976-. Flores des Mascareignes.
- Davis, P. H., ed. 1965-1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
- Demilly, D. et al. 2001. Liste alphabétique des principales espèces de plantes cultivées et de mauvaises herbes. Noms latins et noms français, ed. 7 Note: GEVES-SNES, Beaucouzé, France
- Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
- Duke, J. A. 1985. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
- Erhardt, W. et al. 2008. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen
- Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). URL: http://www.emplantbase.org/home.html
- FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America. URL: http://floranorthamerica.org/
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource). URL: http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropListDetails?code=&relation=beginsWith&name=Calendula+officinalis&quantity=1
- Grierson, A. J. C. & D. J. Long. 1984-. Flora of Bhutan including a record of plants from Sikkim.
- Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6 URL: http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/pls/htmldb_pgrc/f?p=185:3:2422827336895397#
- Hansen, A. & P. Sunding. 1993. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 4. Sommerfeltia vol. 17.
- Hara, H. et al. 1978-1982. An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal.
- Hedberg, I. & S. Edwards. 1989-. Flora of Ethiopia Note: Eritrea added in 2000
- Hnatiuk, R. J. 1990. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11.
- Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
- Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares. URL: http://www2.darwin.edu.ar/Proyectos/FloraArgentina/FA.asp
- Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource). URL: http://www.anbg.gov.au/common.names/
- Jahandiez, E. & R. Maire. 1931-1941. Catalogue des plantes du Maroc.
- Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez, eds. 1999. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75
- Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
- Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2
- Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.
- Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
- McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
- Mun-Chan, B. et al. 1986. A checklist of the Korean cultivated plants. Kulturpflanze 34:86.
- Ohle, H. 1974. Beiträge zur Taxonomie der Gattung Calendula. II. Taxonomische Revision der südeuropäischen perennierenden Calendula-Sippen. Feddes Repert. 85:263-264. URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/%28ISSN%291522-239Xb/issues
- Personal Care Products Council. INCI URL: http://www.personalcarecouncil.org/public/what-inci
- Sharma, B. D. et al., eds. 1993-. Flora of India.
- Stewart, R. 1972. An annotated catalogue of the vascular plants of West Pakistan and Kashmir
- Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
- Walker, E. 1976. Flora of Okinawa and the southern Ryukyu Islands.
- Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition). URL: http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=2
Common names
English
calendula – garden-marigold – marigold – pot-marigold – ruddles – Scotch-marigold – Scottish-marigold – French
souci officinal – German
Garten-Ringelblume – Japanese Rōmaji
tō-kin-sen-ka – Swedish
ringblomma – Transcribed Chinese
jin zhan ju – Transcribed Korean
geumjanhwa – Transliterated Russian
kalendula – nogot'ki lekarstvennye –
Distribution
order_code | Status | Continent | Subcontinent | Country | State | Note |
2 | Cultivated | | | | | cult. in temperate regions |
4 | Naturalized | Africa | Macaronesia | Portugal | Azores | |
4 | Naturalized | Africa | Macaronesia | Portugal | Madeira Islands | |
4 | Naturalized | Africa | Macaronesia | Spain | Canary Islands | |
4 | Naturalized | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Turkey | | |
4 | Naturalized | Asia-Tropical | Indian Subcontinent | India | Haryana | |
4 | Naturalized | Asia-Tropical | Indian Subcontinent | India | Punjab | |
4 | Naturalized | Asia-Tropical | Indian Subcontinent | India | Uttar Pradesh | |
4 | Naturalized | Australasia | Australia | Australia | | s. |
4 | Naturalized | Australasia | New Zealand | New Zealand | | |
4 | Naturalized | Europe | Eastern Europe | Belarus | | |
4 | Naturalized | Europe | Eastern Europe | Moldova | | |
4 | Naturalized | Europe | Eastern Europe | Russian Federation-European part | European part | |
4 | Naturalized | Europe | Eastern Europe | Ukraine | | incl. Krym |
4 | Naturalized | Europe | Middle Europe | Austria | | |
4 | Naturalized | Europe | Middle Europe | Belgium | | |
4 | Naturalized | Europe | Middle Europe | Germany | | |
4 | Naturalized | Europe | Middle Europe | Switzerland | | |
4 | Naturalized | Europe | Northern Europe | Norway | | |
4 | Naturalized | Europe | Northern Europe | United Kingdom | | |
4 | Naturalized | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Bosnia and Herzegovina | | |
4 | Naturalized | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Croatia | | |
4 | Naturalized | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Greece | | |
4 | Naturalized | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Italy | | incl. Sardinia |
4 | Naturalized | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Montenegro | | |
4 | Naturalized | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Serbia | | |
4 | Naturalized | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Slovenia | | |
4 | Naturalized | Europe | Southwestern Europe | France | | |
4 | Naturalized | Europe | Southwestern Europe | Spain | | incl. Baleares |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Connecticut | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Maine | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Massachusetts | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Michigan | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | New Hampshire | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Ohio | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Pennsylvania | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | Southwestern U.S.A. | United States | California | |
4 | Naturalized | Southern America | Southern South America | Argentina | | |
4 | Naturalized | Southern America | Southern South America | Chile | | |
4 | Naturalized | Southern America | Western South America | Ecuador | Pichincha | |
6 | Other | | | | | probable origin Mediterranean region |
Cultivated
(cult. in temperate regions)
Naturalized
Africa
-
MACARONESIA:
Spain [Canary Islands], Portugal [Azores, Madeira Islands]
Asia-Temperate
Asia-Tropical
-
INDIAN SUBCONTINENT:
India [Haryana, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh]
Australasia
-
AUSTRALIA:
Australia (s.)
-
NEW ZEALAND:
New Zealand
Europe
-
NORTHERN EUROPE:
United Kingdom, Norway
-
MIDDLE EUROPE:
Austria, Belgium, Switzerland, Germany
-
EASTERN EUROPE:
Russian Federation-European part [European part], Belarus, Moldova, Ukraine (incl. Krym)
-
SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE:
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Greece, Croatia, Italy (incl. Sardinia), Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia
-
SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE:
Spain (incl. Baleares), France
Northern America
-
NORTHEASTERN U.S.A.:
United States [Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, Ohio, Pennsylvania]
-
SOUTHWESTERN U.S.A.:
United States [California]
Southern America
-
WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA:
Ecuador [Pichincha]
-
SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA:
Argentina, Chile
Other
(probable origin Mediterranean region)
Economic Uses
Usage | Type | Note | Reference |
Environmental | ornamental | | Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening |
Food additives | coloring | | Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2 |
Food additives | flavoring | | Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2 |
Medicines | folklore | fide CRC MedHerbs ed2; Herbs Commerce ed2; Herbal Drugs | McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland. |