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Taxon:
Calotropis gigantea
(L.) W. T. Aiton
Nomenclature
Common Names
Distribution
Economic Uses
Summary
Genus:
Calotropis
Family:
Apocynaceae
Subfamily:
Asclepiadoideae
Tribe:
Asclepiadeae
Subtribe:
Asclepiadinae
Nomen number:
8652
Place of publication:
Hortus kew. ed. 2, 2:78. 1811
Comment:
the generic treatment and the species description in
Hortus kewensis
is not attributed to "Brown mss." so W. T. Aiton is the author of the name (see
Shenzhen ICN
46 Ex. 25)
Verified:
07/07/2011
ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
0
(
0
active,
0
available)
in National Plant Germplasm System.
Other conspecific taxa
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Basionym
Asclepias gigantea
L.
No images
Reference(s)
Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson.
2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
www.skud.info
Backer, C. A. & R. C. Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr.
1963-1968. Flora of Java.
Chinese Academy of Sciences.
1959-. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae.
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India.
1950. The wealth of India: a dictionary of Indian raw materials and industrial products. Raw materials. 2:22.
Dassanayake, M. D. & F. R. Fosberg, eds.
1980-. A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon.
DeFilipps, R. A.
1992. Ornamental garden plants of the Guianas Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.
Duke, J. A. et al.
2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
Erhardt, W. et al.
2008. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen
Fosberg, F. R. et al.
1979-1982. Geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae/ Pteridophyta and Gymnospermae.
Funk, V. et al.
2007. Checklist of the plants of the Guiana Shield (Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolivar, Delta Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana). Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 55:1-584.
George, A. S., ed.
1980-. Flora of Australia.
Grierson, A. J. C. & D. J. Long.
1984-. Flora of Bhutan including a record of plants from Sikkim.
Hanelt, P., ed.
2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
URL:
http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/pls/htmldb_pgrc/f?p=185:3:2422827336895397#
Hara, H. et al.
1978-1982. An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal.
Hokche, O. et al.
2008. Nuevo catálogo de la flora vascular de Venezuela.
Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry.
Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
URL:
http://www.hear.org/pier/index.html
Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS).
Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
URL:
http://www.anbg.gov.au/common.names/
Jagtap. A. P. & N. P. Singh.
1999. Asclepiadaceae. Fascicles of flora of India. 24:9-11.
Krings, A. et al.
2005. New and rediscovered milkweeds from Cuba:
Calotropis gigantea
and
Gonolobus stephanotrichus
(
Apocynaceae
:
Asclepiadoideae
). Willdenowia 35:315-318.
URL:
http://www.bgbm.org/bgbmpress/willdenowia.htm
Kunkel, G.
1984. Plants for human consumption
Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium.
1976. Hortus third.
Mabberley, D. J.
1997. The plant-book: a portable dictionary of the vascular plants, ed. 2
McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker.
2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
Missouri Botanical Garden.
Flora of China Checklist (on-line resource).
URL:
http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/TROPICOS/china/welcome.html
Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds.
1970-. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
Rahman, M. A. & C. C. Wilcock.
1991. A taxonomic revision of
Calotropis
(Asclepiadaceae). Nordic J. Bot. 11:301-308.
URL:
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/%28ISSN%291756-1051/issues
Rechinger, K. H., ed.
1963-. Flora iranica.
Rehm, S.
1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds.
1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
URL:
http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=2
PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
URL:
http://www.prota4u.info/
Common names
English
bowstring-hemp –
Reference(s)
crownflower –
Reference(s)
crownplant –
Reference(s)
giant milkwood –
Reference(s)
giant-milkweed –
Reference(s)
French
arbre à soie –
Reference(s)
mercure végétal –
Reference(s)
mudar –
Reference(s)
German
Mudarpflanze –
Reference(s)
India (Hindi)
madar –
Reference(s)
Spanish
lechoso –
Reference(s)
Swedish
kronbuske –
Reference(s)
Distribution
Exportable format
order_code
Status
Continent
Subcontinent
Country
State
Note
1
Native
Asia-Temperate
China
China
Guangdong Sheng
1
Native
Asia-Temperate
China
China
Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu
1
Native
Asia-Temperate
China
China
Hainan Sheng
1
Native
Asia-Temperate
China
China
Sichuan Sheng
1
Native
Asia-Temperate
China
China
Yunnan Sheng
1
Native
Asia-Temperate
Western Asia
Iran
1
Native
Asia-Tropical
Indian Subcontinent
Bhutan
1
Native
Asia-Tropical
Indian Subcontinent
India
1
Native
Asia-Tropical
Indian Subcontinent
Nepal
1
Native
Asia-Tropical
Indian Subcontinent
Pakistan
1
Native
Asia-Tropical
Indian Subcontinent
Sri Lanka
1
Native
Asia-Tropical
Indo-China
Laos
1
Native
Asia-Tropical
Indo-China
Myanmar
1
Native
Asia-Tropical
Indo-China
Thailand
1
Native
Asia-Tropical
Indo-China
Vietnam
1
Native
Asia-Tropical
Malesia
Indonesia
1
Native
Asia-Tropical
Malesia
Malaysia
2
Cultivated
also cult.
4
Naturalized
Africa
East Tropical Africa
Kenya
4
Naturalized
Africa
East Tropical Africa
Tanzania
4
Naturalized
Africa
Northeast Tropical Africa
Sudan
4
Naturalized
Africa
South Tropical Africa
Angola
4
Naturalized
Africa
South Tropical Africa
Mozambique
4
Naturalized
Africa
West-Central Tropical Africa
Democratic Republic of the Congo
4
Naturalized
Africa
West-Central Tropical Africa
Gabon
4
Naturalized
Africa
Western Indian Ocean
Mauritius
4
Naturalized
Africa
Western Indian Ocean
Seychelles
4
Naturalized
Asia-Tropical
Papuasia
Papua New Guinea
4
Naturalized
Australasia
Australia
Australia
Northern Territory
n.
4
Naturalized
Australasia
Australia
Australia
Queensland
n.
4
Naturalized
Pacific
North-Central Pacific
United States
Hawaii
4
Naturalized
Pacific
South-Central Pacific
French Polynesia
Tuamotu Archipelago
4
Naturalized
Pacific
Southwestern Pacific
Fiji
4
Naturalized
Pacific
Southwestern Pacific
Samoa
4
Naturalized
Southern America
Caribbean
Cuba
4
Naturalized
Southern America
Caribbean
Trinidad and Tobago
4
Naturalized
Southern America
Northern South America
Guyana
4
Naturalized
Southern America
Northern South America
Suriname
4
Naturalized
Southern America
Northern South America
Venezuela
Native
Asia-Temperate
WESTERN ASIA:
Iran
CHINA:
China
[Guangdong Sheng, Sichuan Sheng, Yunnan Sheng, Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu, Hainan Sheng]
Asia-Tropical
INDIAN SUBCONTINENT:
Bhutan
,
India
,
Sri Lanka
,
Nepal
,
Pakistan
INDO-CHINA:
Laos
,
Myanmar
,
Thailand
,
Vietnam
MALESIA:
Indonesia
,
Malaysia
Cultivated
(also cult.)
Naturalized
Africa
NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA:
Sudan
EAST TROPICAL AFRICA:
Kenya
,
Tanzania
WEST-CENTRAL TROPICAL AFRICA:
Democratic Republic of the Congo
,
Gabon
SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA:
Angola
,
Mozambique
WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN:
Mauritius
,
Seychelles
Asia-Tropical
PAPUASIA:
Papua New Guinea
Australasia
AUSTRALIA:
Australia
[Northern Territory (n.), Queensland (n.)]
Pacific
NORTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC:
United States
[Hawaii]
SOUTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC:
French Polynesia
[Tuamotu Archipelago]
SOUTHWESTERN PACIFIC:
Fiji
,
Samoa
Southern America
CARIBBEAN:
Cuba
,
Trinidad and Tobago
NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICA:
Guyana
,
Suriname
,
Venezuela
Economic Uses
Usage
Type
Note
Reference
Environmental
ornamental
DeFilipps, R. A.
1992. Ornamental garden plants of the Guianas Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.
Food additives
flavoring
inner part of flowers
Kunkel, G.
1984. Plants for human consumption
Materials
fiber
source of wara or yercum
Mabberley, D. J.
1997. The plant-book: a portable dictionary of the vascular plants, ed. 2
Medicines
folklore
fide F ChinaEng; Wealth India RM ed2; Ayurveda Ency; Healing Pl India; CRC MedHerbs ed2; Herbs Commerce ed2
McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker.
2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
Vertebrate poisons
mammals
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India.
1950. The wealth of India: a dictionary of Indian raw materials and industrial products. Raw materials. 2:22.
Name
References