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Taxon:  Cenchrus ciliaris L.



Summary
Genus:
Cenchrus
Family:
Poaceae (alt. Gramineae)
Subfamily:
Panicoideae
Tribe:
Paniceae
Subtribe:
Cenchrinae
Nomen number:
9794
Place of publication:
Mant. pl. 2:302. 1771
Verified:
09/16/2008 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
131 (131  active, 9  available) in National Plant Germplasm System.  (Map it)
Other conspecific taxa
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Homotypic Synonym(s)
Pennisetum cenchroides Rich.

Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Cenchrus glaucus C. R. Mudaliar & Sundararaj
Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link
Pennisetum incomptum Nees
No images


Reference(s)
  1. Ali, S. I. & S. M. H. Jafri, eds. 1976-. Flora of Libya.
  2. Bor, N. L. 1960. The grasses of Burma, Ceylon, India, and Pakistan.
  3. Boulos, L. 1995. Flora of Egypt checklist.
  4. Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. 1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45
  5. Catasús Guerra, L. J. 2002. Las gramíneas (Poaceae) de Cuba, II. Cavanillesia Altera 3:1-163.
  6. Chemisquy, M. A. et al. 2010. Phylogenetic studies favour the unification of Pennisetum, Cenchrus and Odontelytrum (Poaceae): a combined nuclear, plastid and morphological analysis, and nomenclatural combinations in Cenchrus. Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 106:107-130. URL: http://aob.oxfordjournals.org/content/by/year
  7. CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland. Documenta CIBA-GEIGY (Grass weeds 1. 1980, 2. 1981; Monocot weeds 3. 1982; Dicot weeds 1. 1988) Note: four books on weeds worldwide in scope
  8. Davidse, G. et al., eds. 1994. Flora mesoamericana.
  9. Englert, J. M. et al. 1999-. USDA-NRCS Improved conservation plant materials released by NRCS and cooperators
  10. Erhardt, W. et al. 2008. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen
  11. Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). URL: http://www.emplantbase.org/home.html
  12. Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960-. Flora zambesiaca. URL: http://www.kew.org/efloras/namesearch.do
  13. FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America. URL: http://floranorthamerica.org/
  14. Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14
  15. Gibbs-Russell, G. E. et al. 1990. Grasses of southern Africa. Mem. Bot. Surv. S. Africa vol. 58
  16. Giraldo-Cañas, D. 2011. Catálogo de la familia Poaceae en Colombia. Darwiniana 49:139-247.
  17. Gutiérrez, H. F. & O. Morrone. 2012. Novedades nomenclaturales en Cenchrus s.l. (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae). Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 47:263-269.
  18. Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6 URL: http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/pls/htmldb_pgrc/f?p=185:3:2422827336895397#
  19. Hedberg, I. & S. Edwards. 1989-. Flora of Ethiopia Note: Eritrea added in 2000
  20. Hitchcock, A. S. 1950. Manual of the grasses of the United States, ed. 2.
  21. Hokche, O. et al. 2008. Nuevo catálogo de la flora vascular de Venezuela.
  22. Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
  23. Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource). URL: http://www.hear.org/pier/index.html
  24. Kartesz, J. T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland.
  25. Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953-1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
  26. Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. 1993. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia
  27. Liogier, H. A. & L. F. Martorell. 2000. Flora of Puerto Rico and adjacent islands: a systematic synopsis, ed. 2.
  28. Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
  29. Mejía-Saulés, M. T. & P. Dávila A. 1992. Gramíneas Útiles de México. Cuad. Inst. Biol. 16
  30. Migahid, A. M. 1988-1990. Flora of Saudi Arabia, ed. 3.
  31. Mouterde, P. 1966-. Nouvelle flore du Liban et de la Syrie.
  32. Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970-. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
  33. Norton, J. et al. 2009. Illustrated checklist of the flora of Qatar. URL: http://www.unesco.org/new/uploads/media/Plant_Species_Checklist_of_Qatar.pdf
  34. Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963-. Flora iranica.
  35. Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
  36. 't Mannetje, L. & R. M. Jones, eds. 1992. Forages. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 4:77. URL: http://proseanet.org
  37. Thulin, M., ed. 1993-. Flora of Somalia.
  38. Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952-. Flora of tropical East Africa.
  39. Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
  40. Vibrans, H., ed. Malezas de México (on-line resource). URL: http://www.conabio.gob.mx/malezasdemexico/poaceae/pennisetum-ciliare/fichas/pagina1.htm
  41. Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds
  42. Wood, J. R. I. 1997. A handbook of the Yemen flora.
  43. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition). URL: http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=2
  44. Zohary, M. & N. Feinbrun-Dothan. 1966-. Flora palaestina.
  45. Zon, A. P. M. van der. 1992. Graminées du Cameroun
  46. Zuloaga, F. O. et al. 1994. Catálogo de la familia Poaceae en la República Argentina. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 47
  47. Zuloaga, F. O. et al. 2003. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): III. Subfamilies Panicoideae, Aristidoideae, Arundinoideae, and Danthonioideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 46:145.
Common names
English
African foxtail grass –
buffel grass –
Arabic
sabat –
French
cenchrus cilié –
German
Büffelgras –
Klebgras –
India
dhaman –
Italian
cencro ciliare –
Spanish
pasto buffel –
Spanish (Mexico)
zacate buffel –
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNote
1NativeAfricaEast Tropical AfricaKenya  
1NativeAfricaEast Tropical AfricaTanzania  
1NativeAfricaEast Tropical AfricaUganda  
1NativeAfricaMacaronesiaPortugalMadeira Islands 
1NativeAfricaMacaronesiaSpainCanary Islands 
1NativeAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaEritrea  
1NativeAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaEthiopia  
1NativeAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaSudan  
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaAlgeria  
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaEgypt  
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaLibya  
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaMorocco  
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaTunisia  
1NativeAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaAngola  
1NativeAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaMozambique  
1NativeAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaZambia  
1NativeAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaZimbabwe  
1NativeAfricaSouthern AfricaBotswana  
1NativeAfricaSouthern AfricaEswatini  
1NativeAfricaSouthern AfricaNamibia  
1NativeAfricaSouthern AfricaSouth AfricaEastern Cape 
1NativeAfricaSouthern AfricaSouth AfricaFree State 
1NativeAfricaSouthern AfricaSouth AfricaGauteng 
1NativeAfricaSouthern AfricaSouth AfricaKwaZulu-Natal 
1NativeAfricaSouthern AfricaSouth AfricaLimpopo 
1NativeAfricaSouthern AfricaSouth AfricaMpumalanga 
1NativeAfricaSouthern AfricaSouth AfricaNorthern Cape 
1NativeAfricaSouthern AfricaSouth AfricaNorth-West 
1NativeAfricaSouthern AfricaSouth AfricaWestern Cape 
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaGhana  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaMali  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaNiger  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaNigeria  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaSenegal  
1NativeAsia-TemperateArabian PeninsulaSaudi Arabia  
1NativeAsia-TemperateArabian PeninsulaYemen  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaAfghanistan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaEgyptSinai 
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaIran  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaIraq  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaIsrael  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaJordan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaSyria  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentIndia  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentPakistan  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeItalySicilia 
2Cultivated    also cult.
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaTaiwan  
4NaturalizedAsia-TropicalPapuasiaPapua New Guinea  
4NaturalizedAustralasiaAustraliaAustralia  
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeGreece  
4NaturalizedEuropeSouthwestern EuropeSpain  
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNorthern MexicoMexicoBaja 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNorthern MexicoMexicoChihuahua 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNorthern MexicoMexicoCoahuila de Zaragoza 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNorthern MexicoMexicoDurango 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNorthern MexicoMexicoNuevo León 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNorthern MexicoMexicoSan Luis Potosí 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNorthern MexicoMexicoSinaloa 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNorthern MexicoMexicoSonora 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNorthern MexicoMexicoTamaulipas 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSouth-Central U.S.A.United StatesNew Mexico 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSouth-Central U.S.A.United StatesTexas 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesFlorida 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesLouisiana 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesMississippi 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSouthern MexicoMexicoCampeche 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSouthern MexicoMexicoChiapas 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSouthern MexicoMexicoCiudad de México 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSouthern MexicoMexicoColima 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSouthern MexicoMexicoGuanajuato 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSouthern MexicoMexicoJalisco 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSouthern MexicoMexicoMichoacán de Ocampo 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSouthern MexicoMexicoNayarit 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSouthern MexicoMexicoOaxaca 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSouthern MexicoMexicoQuintana Roo 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSouthern MexicoMexicoVeracruz de Ignacio de la Llave 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSouthern MexicoMexicoYucatán 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSouthwestern U.S.A.United StatesArizona 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSouthwestern U.S.A.United StatesCalifornia 
4NaturalizedPacificNorth-Central PacificUnited StatesHawaii 
4NaturalizedPacificSouth-Central PacificFrench Polynesia  
4NaturalizedPacificSouthwestern PacificFiji  
4NaturalizedPacificSouthwestern PacificNew Caledonia  
4NaturalizedPacificSouthwestern PacificNiue  
4NaturalizedPacificSouthwestern PacificTonga  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaBrazilBrazil  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanUnited StatesPuerto Rico 
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCentral AmericaCosta Rica  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCentral AmericaEl Salvador  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCentral AmericaNicaragua  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCentral AmericaPanama  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaNorthern South AmericaVenezuela  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaArgentinaFormosa 
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaArgentinaJujuy 
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaArgentinaTucumán 
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaParaguay  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaBolivia  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaEcuador  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaPeru  
Native
Africa
  • MACARONESIA: Spain [Canary Islands], Portugal [Madeira Islands]
  • NORTHERN AFRICA: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia
  • NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan
  • EAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
  • WEST TROPICAL AFRICA: Ghana, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal
  • SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA: Angola, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe
  • SOUTHERN AFRICA: Botswana, Namibia, Eswatini, South Africa [KwaZulu-Natal, Free State, Eastern Cape, Northern Cape, Western Cape, Gauteng, Limpopo, Mpumalanga, North-West]
Asia-Temperate
  • ARABIAN PENINSULA: Saudi Arabia, Yemen
  • WESTERN ASIA: Afghanistan, Egypt [Sinai], Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Syria
Asia-Tropical
  • INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: India, Pakistan
Europe
  • SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Italy [Sicilia]
Cultivated (also cult.)
Naturalized
Asia-Temperate
  • EASTERN ASIA: Taiwan
Asia-Tropical
  • PAPUASIA: Papua New Guinea
Australasia
  • AUSTRALIA: Australia
Europe
  • SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Greece
  • SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Spain
Northern America
  • SOUTHEASTERN U.S.A.: United States [Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi]
  • SOUTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.: United States [New Mexico, Texas]
  • SOUTHWESTERN U.S.A.: United States [Arizona, California]
  • NORTHERN MEXICO: Mexico [Baja, Chihuahua, Coahuila de Zaragoza, Durango, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas]
  • SOUTHERN MEXICO: Mexico [Campeche, Chiapas, Colima, Guanajuato, Jalisco, Michoacán de Ocampo, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Quintana Roo, Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave, Yucatán, Ciudad de México]
Pacific
  • NORTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: United States [Hawaii]
  • SOUTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: French Polynesia
  • SOUTHWESTERN PACIFIC: Fiji, New Caledonia, Niue, Tonga
Southern America
  • CARIBBEAN: United States [Puerto Rico]
  • CENTRAL AMERICA: Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama, El Salvador
  • NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Venezuela
  • BRAZIL: Brazil
  • WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA: Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru
  • SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina [Formosa, Jujuy, Tucumán], Paraguay
Economic Uses
UsageTypeNoteReference
Animal foodforagefide Pl Res SEAs 4:77. 1992, as Cenchrus ciliaris; Invasive Pl Spec, as Cenchrus ciliaris't Mannetje, L. & R. M. Jones, eds. 1992. Forages. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 4:77. URL: http://proseanet.org
Environmentalerosion controlas Cenchrus ciliarisWeber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds
Environmentalrevegetator Alderson, J. & W. C. Sharp. 1995. Grass varieties in the United States, U.S.D.A. Agric. Handb. 170, rev. ed. CRC Press. Note: Revised version of AH 170
Vertebrate poisonsmammalsas Cenchrus ciliarisLazarides, M. & B. Hince. 1993. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia
Weedpotential seed contaminant CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland. Documenta CIBA-GEIGY (Grass weeds 1. 1980, 2. 1981; Monocot weeds 3. 1982; Dicot weeds 1. 1988) Note: four books on weeds worldwide in scope
Weedpotential seed contaminant Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds


ILRI Germplasm Policy (excerpts)

The International Livestock research Institute (ILRI) maintains a collection of forage germplasm as a global public good. The material was acquired prior to the entry into force of the Convention on Biological Diversity; or if it was acquired after the entering into force of the Convention on Biological Diversity, it was obtained with the understanding that it was held in trust and could be made available for any agricultural research, breeding and training purposes under the terms and conditions set out in the agreement between the ILRI and FAO dated 26 October 1994. On 16 October 2006, ILRI signed an agreement with the Governing Body of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (the Treaty) placing these in trust collections of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (PGRFA) within the purview of the Treaty.

In accordance with this Agreement, all shipments of PGRFA of crops listed in Annex 1 to the Treaty (shipments of PGRFA under the Multilateral System) will be subject to the terms and conditions of the Standard Material Transfer Agreement (SMTA). In the event that the SMTA (attached) is used for the transfer of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture other than those listed in Annex 1 of the Treaty: i) The references in the SMTA to the "Multilateral System" shall not be interpreted as limiting the application of the SMTA to Annex 1 Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, and in the case of Article 6.2 of the SMTA shall mean "under this Agreement". ii) The reference in Article 6.11 and Annex 3 of the SMTA to "Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture belonging to the same crop, as set out in Annex 1 to the Treaty" shall be taken to mean "Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture belonging to the same crop".

The material is held in trust and the recipient has no rights to obtain Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) on the material or related information. The recipient may utilize and conserve the material for research, breeding and training and may distribute it to other parties provided such parties accept the terms and conditions of the SMTA .

ILRI will provide forage seeds in small experimental quantities of between 1 and 20 grams without charge from the germplasm collection under the SMTA as appropriate for the crop as part of its policy of maximizing the utilization of material for research, breeding and training. Larger quantities sufficient to sow up to one quarter of a hectare of a limited number of promising accessions will require that requesters cover the costs of production and shipping.

ILRI makes no warranties as to the safety or title of the material, nor as to the accuracy or correctness of any passport or other data provided with the material. Neither does it make any warranties as to the quality, viability, or purity (genetic or mechanical) of the material being furnished. The phytosanitary condition of the material is warranted only as described in the attached phytosanitary certificate. The recipient assumes full responsibility for complying with the recipient nation’s quarantine and biosafety regulations and rules as to import or release of genetic material.