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Taxon:
Allium sativum
L.
Nomenclature
Common Names
Distribution
Economic Uses
Summary
Genus:
Allium
Subgenus:
Allium
Section:
Allium
Family:
Amaryllidaceae
Subfamily:
Allioideae
Tribe:
Allieae
Nomen number:
2368
Place of publication:
Sp. pl. 1:296. 1753
Typification:
View in Linnean Typification Project
Verified:
01/12/2007
ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
0
(
0
active,
0
available)
in National Plant Germplasm System.
Other conspecific taxa
Allium sativum
L. var.
ophioscorodon
(Link) Döll
(0 active accession[s])
Allium sativum
L. var.
sativum
(0 active accession[s])
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
No images
Reference(s)
Afonin, A. N., S. L. Greene, N. I. Dzyubenko, & A. N. Frolov, eds.
Interactive agricultural ecological atlas of Russia and neighboring countries. Economic plants and their diseases, pests and weeds (on-line resource).
URL:
http://www.agroatlas.ru/en/
Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson.
2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
www.skud.info
Balick, M. J. et al.
2000. Checklist of the vascular plants of Belize, with common names and uses. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 85
Batra, L. R.
1995. Names of Japanese plants sorted by their Japanese names in Romanized Katakana and scientific nomenclature
Boulos, L.
1999-. Flora of Egypt
Brewster, J. L.
1994. Onions and other vegetable alliums. Crop Prod. Sci. Hort. 3:10.
Cavagnaro, P. F. & C. R. Galmarini.
2007. Chapter 12. Garlic. Genome mapping and molecular breeding in plants (7 vols.) Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. 5:349-364.
Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson.
1998. Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning
Note:
poisonous
Davis, P. H., ed.
1965-1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
Duke, J. A. et al.
2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
Encke, F. et al.
1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage
Euro+Med Editorial Committee.
Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
URL:
http://www.emplantbase.org/home.html
FNA Editorial Committee.
1993-. Flora of North America.
URL:
http://floranorthamerica.org/
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).
2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
URL:
http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropListDetails?code=&relation=beginsWith&name=Allium+sativum&quantity=1
Groth, D.
2005. pers. comm.
Note:
re. Brazilian common names
Hammel, B. E. et al., eds.
2003-. Manual de plantas de Costa Rica
Hanelt, P., ed.
2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6 4:2267-2269.
URL:
http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/pls/htmldb_pgrc/f?p=185:3:2422827336895397#
Hitchcock, C. L. et al.
1955-1969. Vascular plants of the Pacific Northwest.
Hoang, H.-D. et al.
1997. Additional notes to the checklist of Korean cultivated plants (5). Consolidated summary and indexes. Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 44:354.
URL:
http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/10722
Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez, eds.
1999. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75
Kala, C. P. et al.
2004. Prioritization of medicinal plants on the basis of available knowledge, existing practices and use value status in Uttaranchal, India. Biodivers. & Conservation 13:459.
URL:
http://www.springer.com/life+sciences/evolutionary+%26+developmental+biology/journal/10531
Komarov, V. L. et al., eds.
1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
Lampe, K. F. & M. A. McCann.
1985. AMA handbook of poisonous and injurious plants
Note:
poisonous
Lazarides, M. & B. Hince.
1993. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia
Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium.
1976. Hortus third.
Maaß, H. I. & M. Klaas.
1995. Infraspecific differentiation of garlic (
Allium sativum
L.) by isozyme and RAPD markers. Theor. Appl. Genet. 91:89-97.
URL:
http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/122
Note:
recognizes four major groups, one of which includes
Allium longicuspis
Mansfeld, R.
1959. Die Kulturpflanze, Beiheft 2.
McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker.
2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
Messiaen, C.-M. et al.
1993. Les
Allium
alimentaires reproduits par voie végétative. 1-230.
Mun-Chan, B. et al.
1986. A checklist of the Korean cultivated plants. Kulturpflanze 34:76
Munro, D. B.
Canadian poisonous plants information system (on-line resource).
URL:
http://www.cbif.gc.ca/pls/pp/poison?p_x=px
Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds.
1970-. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
Personal Care Products Council.
INCI
URL:
http://www.personalcarecouncil.org/public/what-inci
Porcher, M. H. et al.
Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
URL:
http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Frontpage.html
Siemonsma, J. S. & Kasem Piluek, eds.
1993. Vegetables. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 8:77-80.
URL:
http://proseanet.org
Skvortsov, A. K., ed.
2006. Flora of the Lower Volga region 1:341.
Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark.
1946-1976. Flora of Guatemala.
Stearn, W. T.
1944. Notes on the genus
Allium
in the Old World. Herbertia 11:11-34.
Tutin, T. G. et al., eds.
1964-1980. Flora europaea.
Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds.
1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
URL:
http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=2
PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
URL:
http://www.prota4u.info/
Common names
English
garlic –
Reference(s)
Arabic
thoum –
Reference(s)
French
ail –
Reference(s)
German
Knoblauch –
Reference(s)
Japanese Rōmaji
ninniku –
Reference(s)
Portuguese
alho –
Reference(s)
Spanish
ajo –
Reference(s)
Swedish
vitlök –
Reference(s)
Transcribed Chinese
suan –
Reference(s)
Transcribed Korean
maneul –
Reference(s)
Distribution
Exportable format
order_code
Status
Continent
Subcontinent
Country
State
Note
2
Cultivated
also cult. elsewhere
2
Cultivated
Africa
East Tropical Africa
Kenya
2
Cultivated
Africa
East Tropical Africa
Tanzania
2
Cultivated
Africa
East Tropical Africa
Uganda
2
Cultivated
Africa
Macaronesia
Spain
Canary Islands
2
Cultivated
Africa
Northeast Tropical Africa
Chad
2
Cultivated
Africa
Northeast Tropical Africa
Eritrea
2
Cultivated
Africa
Northeast Tropical Africa
Ethiopia
2
Cultivated
Africa
Northeast Tropical Africa
Sudan
2
Cultivated
Africa
Northern Africa
Algeria
2
Cultivated
Africa
Northern Africa
Egypt
2
Cultivated
Africa
Northern Africa
Libya
2
Cultivated
Africa
Northern Africa
Morocco
2
Cultivated
Africa
Northern Africa
Tunisia
2
Cultivated
Africa
South Tropical Africa
Angola
2
Cultivated
Africa
South Tropical Africa
Malawi
2
Cultivated
Africa
South Tropical Africa
Mozambique
2
Cultivated
Africa
South Tropical Africa
Zambia
2
Cultivated
Africa
South Tropical Africa
Zimbabwe
2
Cultivated
Africa
Southern Africa
Botswana
2
Cultivated
Africa
West Tropical Africa
Burkina Faso
2
Cultivated
Africa
West Tropical Africa
Guinea
2
Cultivated
Africa
West Tropical Africa
Mali
2
Cultivated
Africa
West Tropical Africa
Mauritania
2
Cultivated
Africa
West Tropical Africa
Niger
2
Cultivated
Africa
West Tropical Africa
Nigeria
2
Cultivated
Africa
West Tropical Africa
Senegal
2
Cultivated
Asia-Temperate
Caucasus
Armenia
2
Cultivated
Asia-Temperate
Caucasus
Azerbaijan
2
Cultivated
Asia-Temperate
Caucasus
Georgia
2
Cultivated
Asia-Temperate
Caucasus
Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia
Ciscaucasia
2
Cultivated
Asia-Temperate
China
China
2
Cultivated
Asia-Temperate
Eastern Asia
Korea
2
Cultivated
Asia-Temperate
Middle Asia
Kazakhstan
2
Cultivated
Asia-Temperate
Middle Asia
Kyrgyzstan
2
Cultivated
Asia-Temperate
Middle Asia
Tajikistan
2
Cultivated
Asia-Temperate
Middle Asia
Turkmenistan
2
Cultivated
Asia-Temperate
Middle Asia
Uzbekistan
2
Cultivated
Asia-Temperate
Russian Far East
Russian Federation-Far East
Far East
2
Cultivated
Asia-Temperate
Siberia
Russian Federation-Eastern Siberia
Eastern Siberia
2
Cultivated
Asia-Temperate
Siberia
Russian Federation-Western Siberia
Western Siberia
2
Cultivated
Asia-Temperate
Western Asia
Turkey
2
Cultivated
Asia-Tropical
Indian Subcontinent
India
2
Cultivated
Asia-Tropical
Indo-China
Indochina
2
Cultivated
Asia-Tropical
Indo-China
Thailand
2
Cultivated
Asia-Tropical
Malesia
Indonesia
2
Cultivated
Asia-Tropical
Malesia
Malaysia
2
Cultivated
Asia-Tropical
Malesia
Philippines
2
Cultivated
Asia-Tropical
Papuasia
Papua New Guinea
2
Cultivated
Australasia
Australia
Australia
Victoria
2
Cultivated
Europe
Eastern Europe
Belarus
2
Cultivated
Europe
Eastern Europe
Moldova
2
Cultivated
Europe
Eastern Europe
Russian Federation-European part
European part
2
Cultivated
Europe
Eastern Europe
Ukraine
2
Cultivated
Europe
Middle Europe
Austria
2
Cultivated
Europe
Middle Europe
Czechoslovakia
2
Cultivated
Europe
Middle Europe
Germany
2
Cultivated
Europe
Middle Europe
Hungary
2
Cultivated
Europe
Middle Europe
Poland
2
Cultivated
Europe
Middle Europe
Switzerland
2
Cultivated
Europe
Southeastern Europe
Albania
2
Cultivated
Europe
Southeastern Europe
Greece
2
Cultivated
Europe
Southeastern Europe
Italy
2
Cultivated
Europe
Southeastern Europe
Romania
2
Cultivated
Europe
Southwestern Europe
France
2
Cultivated
Europe
Southwestern Europe
Spain
2
Cultivated
Northern America
Canada
2
Cultivated
Northern America
Mexico
2
Cultivated
Northern America
United States
2
Cultivated
Southern America
Brazil
Brazil
2
Cultivated
Southern America
Central America
Central America
2
Cultivated
Southern America
Western South America
Ecuador
6
Other
possible origin c. Asia
Cultivated
REGION:
Africa
MACARONESIA:
Spain
[Canary Islands]
NORTHERN AFRICA:
Algeria
,
Egypt
,
Libya
,
Morocco
,
Tunisia
NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA:
Eritrea
,
Ethiopia
,
Sudan
,
Chad
EAST TROPICAL AFRICA:
Kenya
,
Tanzania
,
Uganda
WEST TROPICAL AFRICA:
Burkina Faso
,
Guinea
,
Mali
,
Mauritania
,
Niger
,
Nigeria
,
Senegal
SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA:
Angola
,
Mozambique
,
Malawi
,
Zambia
,
Zimbabwe
SOUTHERN AFRICA:
Botswana
Asia-Temperate
WESTERN ASIA:
Turkey
CAUCASUS:
Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia
[Ciscaucasia],
Armenia
,
Azerbaijan
,
Georgia
SIBERIA:
Russian Federation-Western Siberia
[Western Siberia],
Russian Federation-Eastern Siberia
[Eastern Siberia]
MIDDLE ASIA:
Kazakhstan
,
Kyrgyzstan
,
Tajikistan
,
Turkmenistan
,
Uzbekistan
RUSSIAN FAR EAST:
Russian Federation-Far East
[Far East]
CHINA:
China
EASTERN ASIA:
Korea
Asia-Tropical
INDIAN SUBCONTINENT:
India
PAPUASIA:
Papua New Guinea
INDO-CHINA:
Indochina
,
Thailand
MALESIA:
Indonesia
,
Malaysia
,
Philippines
Australasia
AUSTRALIA:
Australia
[Victoria]
Europe
MIDDLE EUROPE:
Czechoslovakia
,
Austria
,
Switzerland
,
Germany
,
Hungary
,
Poland
EASTERN EUROPE:
Russian Federation-European part
[European part],
Belarus
,
Moldova
,
Ukraine
SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE:
Albania
,
Greece
,
Italy
,
Romania
SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE:
Spain
,
France
Northern America
REGION:
Canada
,
Mexico
,
United States
Southern America
CENTRAL AMERICA:
Central America
BRAZIL:
Brazil
WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA:
Ecuador
Other
(possible origin c. Asia)
Economic Uses
Usage
Type
Note
Reference
Medicines
folklore
fide Pl Res SEAs 12(1):99. 1999; CRC MedHerbs ed2; Herbs Commerce ed2; Biodiv Conserv 13:459. 2004
McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker.
2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
Vertebrate poisons
mammals
Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson.
1998. Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning
Note:
poisonous
Vertebrate poisons
mammals
Lampe, K. F. & M. A. McCann.
1985. AMA handbook of poisonous and injurious plants
Note:
poisonous
Name
References