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Taxon:  Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris



Summary
Genus:
Beta
Section:
Beta
Family:
Chenopodiaceae
Subfamily:
Betoideae
Tribe:
Beteae
Nomen number:
7057
Comment:
[treated here to include Beta vulgaris Fodder Beet, Garden Beet, Leaf Beet, and Sugar Beet Groups]
Verified:
03/24/2009 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
0 (0  active, 0  available) in National Plant Germplasm System. 
Other conspecific taxa
Beta vulgaris L. (10 active accession[s])
Beta vulgaris L. subsp. adanensis (Pamukç. ex Aellen) Ford-Lloyd & J. T. Williams (0 active accession[s])
Beta vulgaris L. subsp. maritima (L.) Arcang. (0 active accession[s])
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Autonym(s)
Beta vulgaris L. f. vulgaris
Beta vulgaris L. var. vulgaris

Heterotypic Synonym(s)
No images


Reference(s)
  1. Allan, H. H. B. et al. 1961-. Flora of New Zealand. URL: http://floraseries.landcareresearch.co.nz/pages/index.aspx
  2. Botanical Society of the British Isles. BSBI taxon database (on-line resource). URL: http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/BSBI/taxonsearch.php
  3. Bramwell, D. & Z. Bramwell. 1974. Wild flowers of the Canary islands.
  4. Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959-. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae.
  5. Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson. 1998. Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning Note: poisonous
  6. Davis, P. H., ed. 1965-1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
  7. Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage
  8. Encke, F. et al. 1993. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 14. Auflage Note: = Beta vulgaris var. cicla
  9. Eriksson, O. et al. 1979. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 2.
  10. Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). URL: http://www.emplantbase.org/home.html
  11. FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America. URL: http://floranorthamerica.org/
  12. Ford-Lloyd, B. V. & J. T. Williams. 1975. A revision of Beta section Vulgares (Chenopodiaceae), with new light on the origin of cultivated beets. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71:89-102.
  13. Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14
  14. Greuter, W. et al., eds. 1984. Med-Checklist. 1:297.
  15. Hara, H. et al. 1978-1982. An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal.
  16. Hegi, G. et al. 1960. Illustrierte Flora von Mittel-Europa 3:555. Note: ed. 1:1906-1931; ed. 2:1936-68; ed. 3:1966-
  17. International Energy Agency. 2004. Biofuels for transport: an international perspective. (on-line resource). 1-216. URL: http://www.iea.org/textbase/nppdf/free/2004/biofuels2004.pdf
  18. International Seed Testing Association. 1982. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 1. Field crops, grasses and vegetables, ed. 2.
  19. Kingsbury, J. M. 1964. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada. Note: poisonous
  20. Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
  21. Lange, W. et al. 1999. Taxonomy and cultonomy of beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 130:81-96.
  22. Letschert, J. P. W. et al. 1994. Taxonomy of Beta section Beta. J. Sugar Beet Res. 31:80.
  23. Letschert, J. P. W. 1993. Beta section Beta: biogeographical patterns of variation, and taxonomy. Agric. Univ. Wageningen Pap. 93-1:32.
  24. Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2
  25. Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.
  26. Mansfeld, R. 1959. Die Kulturpflanze, Beiheft 2.
  27. Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
  28. McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
  29. Mun-Chan, B. et al. 1986. A checklist of the Korean cultivated plants. Kulturpflanze 34:84.
  30. Office of the Union. 2009. UPOV: International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants. List of the taxa protected by the members of the Union URL: http://www.upov.int/export/sites/upov/en/documents/c/43/c_43_06.pdf
  31. Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource). URL: http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Frontpage.html
  32. Quézel, P. & S. Santa. 1962-1963. Nouvelle flore de l'Algerie.
  33. Rehm, S. & G. Espig. 1991. The cultivated plants of the tropics and subtropics
  34. Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
  35. Steenis, C. G. G. J. van, ed. 1948-. Flora malesiana.
  36. Täckholm, V. 1974. Students' flora of Egypt, ed. 2.
  37. Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
  38. 1998. Federal Seed Act and Regulations, Agricultural and Vegetable Kind Lists, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Marketing Service, Seed Regulatory and Testing Branch. URL: http://www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/ams.fetchTemplateData.do?template=TemplateI&navID=Publications&rightNav1=Publications&topNav=&leftNav=FairTradingRegulations&page=SeedTestingPublications&resultType=&acct=lsgeninfo
  39. PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource). URL: http://www.prota4u.info/
Common names
English
beet –
beetroot –
field beet –
fodder beet –
foliage beet –
garden beet –
leaf beet –
mangel –
mangold –
red beet –
root beet –
Sicilian broad-rib beet –
spinach beet –
spinach chard –
sugarbeet –
Swiss chard –
yellow beet –
Arabic
shamandar –
French
betterave –
betterave fourragère –
betterave jaune –
betterave potagère –
betterave rouge –
betterave sucrière –
poirée à carde –
poirée à couper –
poirée bette –
German
Blatt-Mangold –
Futterrübe –
mangel Wurzel –
Mangold –
römische Bete –
rote Bete –
rote Rübe –
Runkelrübe –
Schnittmangold –
Stielmangold –
Zuckerrübe –
Italian
barbabietola –
barbabietola da foraggio –
barbabietola da zucchero –
bietola da coste –
bietola da orto –
Portuguese
acelga –
beterraba –
beterraba-açucareira –
beterraba-forrageira –
beterraba-sacarina –
Spanish
acelga –
acelga cardo –
betarraga azucarera –
betarraga forrajera –
remolacha amarilla –
remolacha azucarera –
remolacha colorada –
remolacha de mesa –
remolacha forrajera –
remolacha roja –
Swedish
beta –
Transcribed Chinese
tian cai –
Transcribed Korean
geundae –
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNote
2Cultivated    widely cult.
3AdventiveAfricaNorthern AfricaLibya  
3AdventiveEuropeEastern EuropeLatvia  
3AdventiveEuropeNorthern EuropeDenmark  
3AdventiveEuropeNorthern EuropeFinland  
3AdventiveEuropeNorthern EuropeNorway  
3AdventiveEuropeNorthern EuropeSweden  
3AdventiveEuropeNorthern EuropeUnited Kingdom  
3AdventiveEuropeSouthwestern EuropeFrance incl. Corsica
4Naturalized    occasionally natzd. elsewhere
4NaturalizedAfricaMacaronesiaPortugalMadeira Islands 
4NaturalizedAfricaSouthern AfricaSouth AfricaEastern Cape 
4NaturalizedAfricaSouthern AfricaSouth AfricaWestern Cape 
4NaturalizedAustralasiaNew ZealandNew Zealand  
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeItaly incl. Sicily
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesConnecticut 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesMaine 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesMassachusetts 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesNew Hampshire 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesNew York 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesPennsylvania 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesRhode Island 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesVermont 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesWest Virginia 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesAlabama 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesNorth Carolina 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesSouth Carolina 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesVirginia 
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaEcuador  
Cultivated (widely cult.)
Adventive
Africa
  • NORTHERN AFRICA: Libya
Europe
  • NORTHERN EUROPE: Denmark, Finland, United Kingdom, Norway, Sweden
  • EASTERN EUROPE: Latvia
  • SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: France (incl. Corsica)
Naturalized

  • REGION:
Africa
  • MACARONESIA: Portugal [Madeira Islands]
  • SOUTHERN AFRICA: South Africa [Eastern Cape, Western Cape]
Australasia
  • NEW ZEALAND: New Zealand
Europe
  • SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Italy (incl. Sicily)
Northern America
  • NORTHEASTERN U.S.A.: United States [Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia]
  • SOUTHEASTERN U.S.A.: United States [Alabama, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia]
Southern America
  • WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA: Ecuador
Economic Uses
UsageTypeNoteReference
Animal foodfodder Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.
Environmentalornamentalas Beta vulgaris Cicla GroupLiberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.
Food additivescoloring Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2
Fuelspotential as petroleum substitute/alcoholfide http://www.iea.org/textbase/nppdf/free/2004/biofuels2004.pdf,International Energy Agency. 2004. Biofuels for transport: an international perspective. (on-line resource). 1-216. URL: http://www.iea.org/textbase/nppdf/free/2004/biofuels2004.pdf
Human foodsugar Rehm, S. & G. Espig. 1991. The cultivated plants of the tropics and subtropics
Human foodvegetable Rehm, S. & G. Espig. 1991. The cultivated plants of the tropics and subtropics
Medicinesfolklorefide CRC MedHerbs ed2, as Beta vulgaris; Herbs Commerce ed2, as Beta vulgaris subsp. ciclaMcGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
Vertebrate poisonsmammals Kingsbury, J. M. 1964. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada. Note: poisonous
Vertebrate poisonsmammals Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson. 1998. Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning Note: poisonous
Weed  Lange, W. et al. 1999. Taxonomy and cultonomy of beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 130:81-96.


ILRI Germplasm Policy (excerpts)

The International Livestock research Institute (ILRI) maintains a collection of forage germplasm as a global public good. The material was acquired prior to the entry into force of the Convention on Biological Diversity; or if it was acquired after the entering into force of the Convention on Biological Diversity, it was obtained with the understanding that it was held in trust and could be made available for any agricultural research, breeding and training purposes under the terms and conditions set out in the agreement between the ILRI and FAO dated 26 October 1994. On 16 October 2006, ILRI signed an agreement with the Governing Body of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (the Treaty) placing these in trust collections of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (PGRFA) within the purview of the Treaty.

In accordance with this Agreement, all shipments of PGRFA of crops listed in Annex 1 to the Treaty (shipments of PGRFA under the Multilateral System) will be subject to the terms and conditions of the Standard Material Transfer Agreement (SMTA). In the event that the SMTA (attached) is used for the transfer of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture other than those listed in Annex 1 of the Treaty: i) The references in the SMTA to the "Multilateral System" shall not be interpreted as limiting the application of the SMTA to Annex 1 Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, and in the case of Article 6.2 of the SMTA shall mean "under this Agreement". ii) The reference in Article 6.11 and Annex 3 of the SMTA to "Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture belonging to the same crop, as set out in Annex 1 to the Treaty" shall be taken to mean "Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture belonging to the same crop".

The material is held in trust and the recipient has no rights to obtain Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) on the material or related information. The recipient may utilize and conserve the material for research, breeding and training and may distribute it to other parties provided such parties accept the terms and conditions of the SMTA .

ILRI will provide forage seeds in small experimental quantities of between 1 and 20 grams without charge from the germplasm collection under the SMTA as appropriate for the crop as part of its policy of maximizing the utilization of material for research, breeding and training. Larger quantities sufficient to sow up to one quarter of a hectare of a limited number of promising accessions will require that requesters cover the costs of production and shipping.

ILRI makes no warranties as to the safety or title of the material, nor as to the accuracy or correctness of any passport or other data provided with the material. Neither does it make any warranties as to the quality, viability, or purity (genetic or mechanical) of the material being furnished. The phytosanitary condition of the material is warranted only as described in the attached phytosanitary certificate. The recipient assumes full responsibility for complying with the recipient nation’s quarantine and biosafety regulations and rules as to import or release of genetic material.